CITIZENSHIP

Belonging to a particulat group and having rights and responsibilitie•

within that particular group
Belonging to a country

LHTLS OF CITIZENSHIP

• Family: belonging to a family

• Community eg. Belonging to school, church, village

• National — belonging to a country. Eg. Botswana

• Continental —Belonging to continent. Eg Africa.

• Global — being born on planet earth

FAMILY CITIZENSHIP
Belonging to a family and having rights and responsibilities within that particular family

Rights offamüy members

• Right to use family name( surname)

• Right to be loved and protected by the family

• Right to own property

• Right to inheritance

• Right to rest and leisure

Responsibilities of family members

Cooperate with other family members eg: doing household chores.

+ To behave in a good manner that will not tarnish the name of the
family
To respect the rights of other family members

COMMUNITY CITIZENSHIP

Belonging to a community and having rights and responsibilities within that

community

RIGHTS OF A COMMUNITY CITIZEN

Right to attend kgotla meetings
Rjght to be treated fairly and justly

1
Right to own property
Rjght to join any organisation of choice eg. V DC

2
 Responsibilities

•9 To perform community tasks eg. Litter picking

To behave in a responsible manner and uphold good name of the community
•9 To defend community from internal and external enemies

NATIONAL clT1zENsmr (Belonging to a country)

Right to life
• Right to education

• Right to freedom of expression

• Right to vote

Responsibilities
•9 To serve the county with pride (patriotism)
To pay tax

•S To respect
To report crime
To obey laws of the counü•y
To protect the country from internal and external enemies
Torvote during general elections

WAYS THROUGH WHICH CITIZENSHIP IS ACOUIRED IN BOTSWANA

BmTH — being born in Botswana by Botswana parents

DECENT — born outside Botswana by Batswana parents
NATURALISATION — when a foreigner who has stayed in Botswana for 10
years and above, without a criminal record being 21 years and above applies to
become a citizen.
HONORARY / PRSEDENTIAL DECREE - citizenship is awarded by the
president to a foreigner who has confributed to the development of the county,
SETTLEMENT — Citizenship given to people who lived in Botswana before
independence
ADOPTION — Whereby Botswana parents adopt a foreign child who is 3
years or less

3
OUALITIES OF A GOOD CITIZEN

1. Respect the law

2. Ensures safety of his / her country (reports crime)

4
 Patriotic — having love and pride of your country eg. Wearing national colours
national competitions
4. Participate in national activities eg: litter picking, tree planting day, referendum
5. Participate in decision making activities eg; voting, national referendum
6. Respect for national symbols e.g. national anthem, national flag, coat of arms
7. Protecting public / governmcnt property
8. Pay tax — to develop the country
9. Have botho — being compassionate / helping the needy
10. Have national documents e.g. omang, passport 11.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE TO ITS CITIZENS

POSITIVES

1. Provide educational and Health facilities — Schools have been built from primary
to tertiary level and trained teachers and resources are available. This helps to have
an educated and healthy nation.
2. Create employment opportunities. So that people are able to sustain themselves
3. Provide clean water and good infrastructure e.g. tarred road, telecommunication
networks
4. Help the needy e.g. provide food baskets to the destitutes, old and orphans
5. Provide security. Tgrough the army, the police and prison departnent

NEGATIVE

1. Unemployment is still high —the government is not able to provide enough jobs to
its citizens. This lead to poverty in some families
2. Insufficient infrastructure e. g. tarred roads. Some places have poor infrasfructure
3. Insufficient medication — e.g. There is still shortage of medical personnel and
medications and the citizens die.

mfPORTANCE OF THE YOUTH. WOMEN, AND NGOS IN PROMOTING

RESPONSIBLE CITIZENRY AND PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY

Participatory democracy: - whereby people are given a chance to take part in political,
social, and economic activities of the country

5
 YOUTH

a) Take part in cultural and sporting activities and represent the country abroad e.g. table tennis,
football. Netball etc.
b) Take part in voting and national referendum taking part in decision making

6
 c) Stand for positions of responsibility e.g. MP, councillor so that they will represent other
youth in parliament
d) Initiate and actively participate in development projects — The youth can attend kgotla
meetings and come up with ideas to develop their communities and the nation at large
e) Start their own businesses and hire other people

WOMEN
'They stand for positions of responsibility because they can represent other woman better
in parliament

They address social ills through forming pressure groups e.g. Emang
basadi and advocate for women's rights
They volunteer in organisations to provide help e.g. Emang Basadi is against domestic
violence
Teaching children good behaviour so
Formed organisations that impart skills that help build / improve the economy e.g.
starting their own businesses and teaching other women some skills
Formed organisations that help change the laws e.g. Emang Basadi advocated for change
of some discriminatory laws

NGO's
They advocate for the rights of people e.g. childline which advocates for the rights of
children
They advocate for the disadvantaged ethnic groups e.g. Survival International
advocated for the rights of the Basarwa
They train people and impart business skills to reduce unemployment and poverty.
They fight social ills e.g. Emang Basadi fight domestic violence Help to take care of
the environment e. g. Somarelang Tikologo

WA YS OF FACILITA TING PEACEAND HARMONYAMONG ALL CULTURAL

POLITICAL SPIRITUAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS INA
DEMOCRATICSTATELIKE BOTSWANA
1. Giving all ethnic groups equal opportunities. ie educational, employment opportunities
2. Amendment of discriminatory laws
3. Distribution of resources basing on national rather than on tribal interest
4. Allows all tribes to have a saying in decision making eg. Have equal representation at
Ntlo ya Dikgosi
5. Allowing different tribes, cultural expression and the formation of cultural groups.

7
 They are allowed to practice their cultural festivals and celebrate so that there is peace
6. Allowing intermarriages across all ethnic groups

8
 7. Allowing freedom of worship among all spiritual groups
8. Allowing freedom of speech by all political parties
9. Giving all equal opportunity to vote
10. Giving all equal opportunities to stand for positions of power eg. Member of
Parliament

COMPARE AND CONTRAST TRADITIONAL A TTRIB UTES OF

CITIZENSHIPAND IDENTITY WITH THOSE OF THE MODERN WORLD

TRADITIONAL MODERN

Communal land — land owned by the community Boundary

Ethnic group Passport

Location Omang

Age regiment National Flag

Language National Anthem

Totem Coat of Arms

Food Currency

Dress National motto e.g. pula

Music and dance

Language: In the past most people were identified by their language nowadays they can speak
many languages

Location: - In the past people who belonged to the same families and tribes stayed together
but nowadays people can locate anywhere they want

Age regiment: - In the past people identified themselves by the name given to them during
bogwera and bojale but nowadays those initiation schools have been replaced by modem
schools

9
Totem: - In the past people identified themselves by totems e.g. Bakgatla (kgabo) but
nowadays people use totems and some do not use them

10
 Food: - In the past people identified themselves with food (staple food) e.g. Bakalaka were
associated with delele but nowadays some people do not eat their staple food but imported
food

RIGHTS OF THE STATE TO ITS CITIZENS

The right to institute a fair and free justice system or punish offenders The right to extract tax
from citizens
The right to mvn or protect national resources eg. Minerals, resources
The right to withhold state classified information / secrecy
The right to provide service / development ( heÄ religious, educational services)
The right to protect citizens from internal an4-external threats

GLOBAL IDENTITY
GLOBALISATION: - Interconnection and interdependence etween countries of the world

IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON CITIZENS OF BOTSWANA

POSITIVE
+ Exchange of skilled manpower: Botswana hires people with special skills form other
countries to provide their services for Batswana eg. Doctors, engineersE
+ Exchange of technology: Botswana is able to get technological devices like
computers and cellphones, machinery which will aid in the daily life of Botswana
Foreign aid: Botswana is able to get some help from other countries in the form
of loans and donations
+ Assistance in terms of natural disasters: Botswana is able to get aid in terms of
medication, shelter and food in times of natural disasters
+ Exchange of culture: - Batswana are able to learn and enrich their own culture as
they interact with people of other cultures hence it improves their lifestyle
+ Exchange of goods (Trade): - Batswana are able to buy goods which they do not
produce
Creation of employment: - Batswana are able to get employment from other
countries to improve themselves

NEGATIVE

Spread of diseases: - Some diseases like HIV / AIDS have been brought by foreiglers
in the counåy which has led to loss of skilled manpower

11
 Innuence of global economic forces: - Global economic forces like inflation,
recession, fluctuation of world prices result in less profit when sell goods to the EU.
Big brother attitude: The rich countries control the world economy. As a result they
will always buy our diamonds and beef according to their prices which is
favourable to them
Dumping site for cheap, low quality and second hand products: - Some of the goods
that ate sold to Botswana from other countries are not of good standard e.g. cars,
clothes
Brain drain: - Some intelligent Batswana leave the country and work in other
counü•ies especially the rich ones while their services are needed in the country
Influx of foreigners: It will result in the increase in social ills
Local market saturated — some foreigners
Fly by night investors: - Some of the foreign companies cheat Batswana, get their
monies and leave the counfry
Pressure on resources: - with more people coming into the country there is going
to be more pressure on resources like land, water, electricity
Aid with strings attached: - This means that when rich counties give Botswana
loans, they expect Botswana to pay with interest

HOW GLOBALISATION HAS NEGATIVELY AFFECTED ECONOMY OF

BOTSWANA

Trade monopoly: Rich countries confrol world prices and buy otr exports at
prices favourable to them hence Botswana makes less profit from her
diamonds.
Crime — criminals share ideas with Batswana and this have led to advanced
crime eg, fraud, money laundering leading to collapse of the economy.
Competition for employment — foreigners compete for jobs with Batswana,
some Batswana are unemployed
Multi/international companies established disadvantages local companies
companies sell more quality products at cheaper prices hence giving
small local companies tough competition leading to their collapse.
Spread of diseases — Some diseases like HIV / AIDS have been brought by
in the county which has led to the loss of skilled personnel
Brain drain — Some intelligent Batswana leave the county and work in other
countries especially the rich ones while we need their services in the country
Influx of illegal immigrants — more foreigners have illegally migrated into
the country which might lead to the increase in social ills eg. Crime,
prostitution.

12
Restriction on trade by international organisations — International
organisations like the Amnesty International, Survival International can
sanction or black list Botswana resulting in our goods not having market

13
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISA IONS THAT SUSTA
AND PEACE IIUMAN LIFE DIGNITY

1. The International Red Cross

2. UN Peace keeping forces
3. Amnesty International
4. Survival International
5. International Court of Justice
6. United Nation
7. Security Council

1. The International Red Cross

POSITIVE
Provide first aid help, medical care during wars to sustain lives
Organise blood donations to save lives during wars — so that during wars and
natural disasters they are able to sustain lives through the blood collected
Advice government to u•eat refugees humanly — e.g. providing basic needs in
order to promote dignity for those refugees
Provide resettlement to misplaced people The Intemational Red Cross
collect the refugees to common camps so that they are able to help them
and save their lives

NEGATIVE

Sometimes respond late — This will result in a lot ofpeople losing their lives
T ack of safety for the Red Cross workers — During wars IRC workers get killed
Lack ofrespect for the Red Cross workers Some countries do not give space to help
people åat will result in people dying
Shortage of resources — IRC can have shortage of funds, medication, blood,
money resulüng on some casualties

2. UN PEACE KEEPING FORCES

POSITIVE

Disarm fighting factions They take away ammunitions so that war can stop
Protect infrastructure against bombings
Clear land mines in order to save lives

14
Transport aid during wars For example they transport medication during wars
and they also transport food and water to make sure some people do not
die during wars
Protect civilians during wars Ihey protect boarding schools, hospitals because
they want to protect those who cannot defend themselves

15
 • Patrol cease fire zones -- in ordcr to stop the war between the fighting factions
Provide conducive environment for peace talks

NEGATIVES

• Sometimes t•espond late — lhe Red Cross sometimes respond late while some
people have lost their lives

• UN Peace Keeping force can be involved in human rights violations during

interventions
Sometime the troops do not clear all land mines resulting in explosions and loss of
lives

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION

Positives

• Encourages the government to treat prisoners humanly. Eg. Giving them food,
medication in order to save their lives.

• Campaign against capital punishment and torturing of prisoners

• They convince the UN to backlist counties that abuse human right: They have the
power convince the UN to blacklist and sanction counties which abuse human rights.

• Campaign against dictatorship: So that people will not be killed and tortured and also
that people's rights are respected in order to uphold their dignity.

Negatives

• Interference in national issues: They do not respect the sovereignty of other countries
eg. They interfere with the constitution of other countries.

• Exaggerate issues: When trying to convince counties to blacklist Botswana which can
tarnish the name of the country.

• Biased: When the rich countries implement capital punishment, they never say
anything to them. This will lead to people dying in rich counties.

SURVIVAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION

Positives

16
 • They advocate for the rights of nomadic groups such as Basarwa to ensure that these
groups are treated humanly,

• They monitor the government to make sure that nomadic groups are not discriminated

• They can recommend to the UN to blacklist the countries that violate the rights of
nomadic groups
Negatives

17
 • Interfere with the internal affairs of other countries: eg. They interfered with the
affair of Botswana during the relocation of Basarwa from CKGR.

• They can exaggerate issues that will tarnish the name of countries: They were
telling the whole world that Basarwa are being tortured and killed and this
tarnished the name of Botswana. They ended up labelling our diamonds "BLOOD
DIAMONDS"

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Positives

• Settle disputes between countries: They settle disputes between countries so that
peace is maintained between countries. This will also save people's lives.

• They try groups /leaders violating human rights: Dictators that violate people's
rights are taken to International Court of Justice so that they are charged in order to
maintain peace in those countries and save lives.

• Interpret an agreement between counties: they cases of countries that violate their
contracts with others and that will maintain peace.

Negative

• Lack of firmness: there is no appropriate measure taken to enforce decisions. We

still have leaders who are violating human rights yet they are not taken to the
International Court of Justice.

• Limited resources: with lack of resources, they may have delayed attending some
cases which can lead to wars between countries
• Biased: Because they do not try cases of leaders who violate people's rights.

UNITED NATIONS
Promote protection of human rights: Through organisations like Red Cross, Amnesty
Intemaüonal the UN is able to protect the rights of prisoners. Through Red Cross the Un
is able to provide care to the uncivilised people.
Provide mediators to facilitate peace talks: They send people to have peace talks with
warring factions in order to promote peace. Eg. KJ Masire mediates peace talks in DRC.

18
Promote free and fair elections: when there are elections in some counu•ies the UN send
some observers to ensure free and fair elections in order to promote peace. Ensure
countries do not make weapons of mass desfruction: through the Security Council Un
protect people's lives by ensuring that countries do not make weapons of mass
destruction.
Military interventions: through the UN Peace Keeping Forces, the Un is able to stop wars
and save people's life.

19
 Resolves conflict between countries: Through the International court UN
promote peace by resolving conflicts amicably or peacefully.

Negatives

Biased: Some countries do not respect human rights but they are not sanctioned.
Some countries still make nuclear weapons: Like Russia, America makes nuclear
weapons therefore thet can be mass killing of people.
They can respond late: The Red Cross sometimes respond late while some people
have already lost their lives.
Canbe involved in human rights via lotion during intervention: UN Peace
Keeping Forces sometimes rape women during their patrols.

GLOBAL CRISES
TERRORISM
Acts of violence that are politically or religiously motivated. They are usually done by
aggrieved minority to show their unhappiness

POSITIVES

• Creation of employment during construction There will be more

because construction companies will be employed to reconstruct the damaged
buildings

• Strengthen security— The cameras will be installed e.g. airports hence there will
be security in the country which can bring about peace

• The concens of the aggrieved will be listened to

• Promotes international relations -cauz countrys e.g[ SADC], will work 2gether
to try to curb the global crisis

NEGATIVES

20
Loss of lives e.g. most innocent people die because they are Elled in large
numbers during terrorist attacks
Disturbance of the world peace and stability — with terrorist attacks, people will
be fleeing for their lives and this brings about panic and fear
Destruction of property and the environment — During terrorism attacks, a lot of
propeny is damaged e.g. buildings, bridges.
Restrictions on travelling — There will be disturbance of flight business during
terrorist attacks as people will be scared of the hijacking of flights by terrorists
It instills fear and panic
Disturbs busineses-e.g number of tourists decline due to fear and panic

NEGATIVES

21
 ~Loss of life HIV J AIDS increased death rate hence the population will be less

~Loss of bread inner-e — Families loee breadwinners and that will result in poverty
~Loss of skilled personnel The government is Joeing workers because the mostly
infected range from 1 8 years to 49 years which leads to iow producti€ty
~Pressure on the government budget The government wili spend money on
HIV related issues e.g. buying ARVs, PMTCT programme. The money
that could be used to develop the country

POSITIVE
Creates employment — People can work at testing centres( Tebelopele),
(BOCAIP, BONELA)
Encourages positive behavioural change — People have stopped many having many
parmers. Use condoms to prevent / AIDS and STI's and unwanted
Encourage research — encourage research on the health fratemity and this will help
doctors to cure some diseases

DESERTIFICATION
It is fornation of deserts or deserts like conditions

NEGATIVES
Reduction of underground water — excess evaporation due to lack of trees to
provide shade
Global warming — There æe less trees to trap carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Soil Erosion — No frees to reduce the speed of running water hence leading to more
floods which could lead to water logged soil
Loss of nat land — with excess soil erosion, the land will develop dongas and gullies
Involuntary migation

POSITIVE
Enhances tourism — Most wildlife are found in desert. Most tourists will prefer
desert because they can see animals from a distance
Habitat of some species — e.g. sengaparile, morama and camels are found in the

Source of minerals — e.g. diamonds and soils are found in the desert

22
 GLOBAL WARMING

NEGATIVE
Melting of polar regions which lead to rise in sea level which may lead to floods v'/
Climate change Some areas will receive more rainfall while others receive low rainfall
Floods — due to melting of polar regions hence destruction of settlemcnts
Extinction of some species — which are not adapted to living in high temperatures

POSITIVES
Leads to more agricultural production on areas which receive more
rainfall
Reduces premature deaths — which lead to optimum population
More carbon dioxide leads to more agricultural production
Research intensification: More research will be done of the subject on
coming up with ways of mitigating global warming which can results in a permanent
solution.

CITIZENSIIIP REVISION OUESTIONS

1. Explain three ways of acquiring citizenship in Botswana (6)

2. State qualities of a good citizen (6)
3. Explain the role of woman and the youth in promoting participatory democracy in
Botswana
4. Evaluate the role of the state to its citizens (8)
5. Compare and contrast any traditional attributes of citizenship with those of the
modern times (8)
6. Assess the impacts of globalization on Batswana (8)
7. Assess global warming and terrorism as a global crises (8)

23