Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc.

(Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX

Teaching

credit
Examination Scheme
Scheme
Sr. Hours per Total
Course Code
No. Week Marks
Theory Tutorial Practical
L Tu. Pr.
1 Elements of Statistics MM 501 3 2 0 5 100 50 00 150
2 Differential Geometry MM 503 3 2 0 5 100 50 00 150
3 Elementary Number Theory MM 505 3 1 0 4 100 25 00 125
Mathematical Modeling &
4 MM 507 3 1 0 4 100 25 00 125
Simulation
5 Elective – I MM 5X0 3 1 0 4 100 25 00 125
15 7 0 22 500 175 00 675
Total Contact hours per week = 22 Total Credit = 22 Total Marks = 675

Elect any one from each of Elective-I (Minimum five students)

Sr. No. Code Elective –I

1 MM 511 Advanced Operations Research
2 MM 513 Advanced Fluid Mechanics
3 MM 515 Approximation Theory
4 MM 517 Advanced Numerical Techniques
5 MM 519 Biomathematics
6 MM 521 Sobolev Space

Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)

M.Sc.-V, Semester-X
Teaching
credit

Examination Scheme
Scheme
Sr. Hours per Total
Course Code
No. Week Marks
Theory Tutorial Practical
L Tu. Pr.
1 Project Work and Dissertation MM 520 0 0 24 16 0 0 500 500
Total Contact hours per week = 24 Total Credit = 16 Total Marks = 500
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 2 0 5
MM 501: ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS

 INTRODUCTION (06 Hours)

Reorientation of Axiomatic, Definition of Probability, Independent events and Independent
random variables, Bayes Theorem.

 BASIC DISTRIBUTION (08 Hours)

Discrete random variable distribution: Binomial, Poisson, geometric, Negative binomial,
hypergeometirc.
Continuous random variable distribution: normal, uniform, gamma, Weibull, Chi Square, t and F
(univariate and multivairate); Expectations and moments, moment generating function, marginal
and conditional distribution in case of multivariate, covariance matrix, Coefficients of skewness
& kurtosis.

 CORRELATION & REGRESSION (08 Hours)

Correlation between two variables partial correlation, Karl Pearson’s method, Spearmen’s rank
coefficient of correlation, Repeated rank, Concurrent deviation method, Regression, coefficients
of regression, their properties, multiple regression and it applications.

 ESTIMATION (10 Hours)

Least square approach, maximum likelihood method, moment estimation, Test of significance for
large sample, Null hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis, Test of hypothesis, Types of errors,
Reliability of sample, confidence limits, Small sample, Chi Square Test, t-test, F-test and their
applications.

 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS (10 Hours)

Analysis of time series, Elementary methods of its analysis, tend, Method of moving average,
Method of least square, Short term fluctuation, Random fluctuations.

(Total Contact Time (Theory): 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Blake I: “An introduction to Applied Probability”, John Wiley & Sons, 1979.
2. Catttergee, S and Price, P: “Regression analysis by examples”, Second edition, John Wiley &
Sons, 1991.
3. David Stirzaker: “Elementary Probability”, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
4. Des Raj and Chandak: “Sampling theory”, Narosa Publishing, 1998.
5. Murphy M. N.: “Sampling theory and methods”, Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, 1995.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 2 0 5
MM 503: DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

 THEORY OF CURVES (15 Hours)

3
Curves in R , Torsion, Frenet-Serret formulae, Representation of a curve by its curvature,
Fundamental, Existence and Uniqueness theorem for space curves, Surfaces, Tangent vectors to
surface, The First fundamental form and arc length, Normal curvature, Geodesic curvature,
Gauss’s formulas, Geodesics. Parallel vector fields along a curve and parallelism, The second
fundamental form and the Weingarten map, Principal, Gaussian, Mean and normal curvatures.

 THEORY OF SURFACES (12 Hours)

Riemannian curvature and Gauss’s theorem, Egregium, Isometries and Fundamental theorem of
surfaces, Surfaces of constant curvature, Fenchel’s Theorem, The Fary-Milnor Theorem, Simple
curvature results for surfaces, Geodesic Coordinate patches, Orientability and angular variation
of surfaces, The Gauss-Bonnet Formula, The Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, Euler Characteristics.

 THEORY OF MANIFOLDS (15 Hours)

Definition and examples of topological manifolds, Differentiable manifolds, Differentiable
functions, Rank of a mapping, Immersions, Sub manifolds, Lie Groups, Tangent vectors and the
Tangent space. Vector fields, The Lie Algebra of Vector Fields on a Manifold, Frobenius
theorem, An application of Frobenius Theoerm.

(Total Contact Time (Theory): 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Boothby W.M.: “An introduction to differentiable manifolds and Riemannian

Geometry”,(Revised Second Edition), Academic Press.
2. Millman R.S. and Parker G.D.: “Elements of Differential Geometry”, Prentice-Hall Inc.
3. Pressley: “Elementary Differential Geometry”, Springer Undergraduate Text Series, Springer
Publications.
4. Thorpe J.A.: “Introduction to Differential Geometry”, Springer –Verlag.
5. Tu L.W.: “An introduction to Manifolds”, Springer Publications.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 505: ELEMENTARY NUMBER THEORY

 INTRODUCTION (06 Hours)

Divisibility, Greatest Common Divisor(gcd), Euclidean Algorithm, Primes and their elementary
properties, Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic.

 CONGRUENCE RELATION (12 Hours)

Congruence and their Basic properties, Chinese Remainder Theoerm, Euler’s phi-function,
Fermat’s Little Theorem, Wilson’s Theorem, Euler’s theorem and its application in
Cryptography.

 ARITHMATIC FUNCTIONS (12 Hours)

Greatest integer function, Arithmetic functions, Mobius inversion formula, Fibonacci numbers,
Representation of an integer as sum of two and four squares, Diophantine Equations: ax  by  c ,
x2  y 2  z 2 and x4  y 4  z 4 .

 RESIDUES (12 Hours)

Residue classes and Residued residue classes, Quadratic residues,Legendre symbol, Gauss’s
Lemma about Legendre symbol, law of quadratic reciprocity, Jacobi symbol, primitive roots and
indices.
(Total Contact Time (Theory): 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Apostol T.: “Introduction to Analytic Number theory”, Springer-Verlag, 1976.

2. Baker A.: “A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Numbers”, Cambridge University Press,
1990.
3. Burton D.M.: “Elementary Number Theory”, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2007.
4. Hardy G.H. and Wright E.M.: “ An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers ”, 4th Edition,
OUP, 1975.
5. Niven I.,Zuckerman H.S. and Montgomery L.: “An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers”,
6th Ed., Wiley, New York, 2003.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 507: MATHEMATICAL MODELING & SIMULATION

 MATHEMATICAL MODELING

INTRODUCTION: (08 Hours)

Introduction to mathematical modeling, types of models, characteristics of MM, framework of
MM, validation of Mathematical Model.

SOME CASE STUDIES: (12 Hours)

Models based on system of algebraic equations, Models based on ordinary differential equations,
Models based on system of 1st order ordinary differential equations.

 SIMULATION
INTRODUCTION: (12 Hours)
Introduction to simulation, types of simulation, simulation methodology, random number
generation, Monte-Carlo simulation, simulation of continuous system, discrete event simulation,
Design of experiments, Validation.

SOME CASE STUDIES: (10 Hours)

Simulation of queuing system, water reservoir system, inventory control and forecasting, PERT
network, regression analysis.

(Total Contact Time (Theory): 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Caldwell J., Douglas K.S. Ng, Caldwell Jim: “Mathematical Modeling: Case Studies and
Projects (Texts in the Mathematical Sciences)”, Springer Nehterlands, 2004.
2. Deo Narsingh: “System Simulation with Digital Computer”, PHI New Delhi, 2006.
3. Frank L.Severvance: “System Modeling and Simulation: An Introdution”, John Wiley, 2001.
4. Gordon Geoffrey: “System Simulation”,PHI, India, 2007.
5. Kapoor J.N.: “Mathematical Modeling”, New Age International(p) Limited, 1998.
6. Kapoor J.N.: “Mathematical Models in Biology and Medicine”, East-West Press, New Delhi,
2000.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 511: ADVANCED OPERATIONS RESEARCH

 INTRODUCTION (03 Hours)

Nature and scope of Operation Research, Convex sets and convex functions and their properties.

 NON-LINEAR PROGRAMMING (12 Hours)

Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Lagrange’s theory, Duality theory, Search techniques = one variable
and several variables, Pontryagain’s maximum principle and its applications.

 DYNANMIC PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATIONS (05 Hours)

Introduction, Nature of dynamic programming, Deterministic processes, Non Sequential discrete
optimization, Allocation problems, Assortment problems, Sequential discrete optimization,
Long-term planning problem, Multi-stage decision process, Application of Dynamic
Programming in production scheduling and routing problems.

 QUEUING THEORY (07Hours)

Basic Structures of queuing models, Poisson queues- M/M/1, M/M/C for finite and infinite queue
length, Non-Poisson queue-M/G/1, Machine Maintenance (steady state).

 INVENTORY MODELS (07 Hours)

Inventory control- Deterministic including price breaks and Multi-item with constraints,
Probabilistic (with and without lead time).

 GOAL PROGRAMMING (05 Hours)

Introduction, Difference between LP and GP approach, Concept of Goal Programming,
Graphical solution- method of Goal Programming, Modified simplex method of Goal
Programming.

 GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING (05 Hours)

Geometric programming (both unconstrained and constrained).

(Total Contact Time : 44 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Beale, E.M.L. and Mackley, L.: “Introduction to Optimization”, John Wiley, 1988.
2. Hiller, F.S. and Lieberman: “Introduction to Operation Research”, 6th Ed., McGraw-Hill
International Edition, Industrial Engineering Series, 1995.
3. Rao, S.S.: “Optimization Theory and Applications”, 2nd Ed., Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi,
1985.
4. Taha, H.A.: “Operation Research: An Introduction”, 8th Ed. Prentice.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 513: ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

 REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS (06 Hours)

Equation of Continuity, Euler’s equation of motion, Bernoullis equation, Momentum equation,
Nature of stresses in fluids, viscocity, Navier-Stokes equations, The equation of motion
expressed in Cylindrical and Spherical polar coordinates, Equation of state for gases.

 VISCOUS FLOW PHENOMENA (12 Hours)

Laminar and turbulent motion, Flow between two coaxial rotating cylinders, Unsteady flows with
plane boundary, Plane Coutte flow with porous wall, Steady flow caused by a rotating plane,
Reynolds and Froud’s numbers, Flow at low Reynolds number, Dimensionless form of the
Stoke’s equation, uniqueness theorem for Stokes flow, Minimum-dissipation-of-energy theorem,
The Lorentz Reciprocal theorem, Boundary conditions at a Fluid- Fluid Interface, Liquid droplet
falling under gravity.

 VISCOU FLOW AT HIGH REYNOLD’S NUMBER (08 Hours)

Observed character of the flow: Boundary Layers, Flow past a Semi-infinite flat plate, Flow in
the wake of a Flat Plate, Boundary layers equations for a curved wall, Similarity solutions,
Approximate solutions, Basics of Jet flow.

 COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW (08 Hours)

Internal energy of a gas, Specific Heats of a substance: Case of a Perfect Gas, Functions of State:
Entropy and other Thermodynamics Notions, Compressibility Effects in real Fluids, The speed of
a sound in a gas, Equations of motion of an In viscid Gas.

 WATER WAVES (08 Hours)

Occurrence of waves, The mathematical description of Wave motion, Gravity waves, Wave
energy, Effect of Surface Tension, Standing Waves, Waves in a canal, Waves on the surface of a
uniform stream.

(Total Contact Time : 44 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Fay, James A.: “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994.
2. Kundu, Pijush K., and Cohen Ira M.: “Fluid Mechanics”3rd Ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier,
2004.
3. O’Neill M.E. and Chorlton F.: “Ideal and Incompressible Fluid Dynamics”, Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons, 1986.
4. O’Neill M.E. and Chorlton F.: “ Viscous and compressible fluid dynamics” ”, Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons, 1986.
5. Tritton D.: “Physical Fluid Dynamics”, 2nd Ed., New York, Oxford University Press, 1988.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 515: APPROXIMATION THEORY

 INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION (08 Hours)

Concept of best approximation in a Normed linear space, Existence of best Approximation,
Uniqueness problem, Uniform convexity, strict convexity, continuity of best approximation
operator.

 WEIERSTRASS THEOREM AND BERNSTEIN POLYNOMIAL (05 Hours)

The Weierstrass Theorem, Bernstein polynomials, Bernstein Constructive proof of convergence.

 OPERATORS & TOOLS (07 Hours)

Monotone operators, Korovkin theorems, Modulus of Continuity and its properties, Lipschitz
class & their properties.

 BEST UNIFORM APPROXIMATION (10 Hours)

Sufficient condition for Uniqueness of the Best Approximation, Characterization of the Best
Approximation in the Uniform Norm, Jackson Theorems and its applications, characterization
theorem, Haar conditions, Alternation theorem.

 MORE THEOREMS ON APPROXIMATION (12 Hours)

Markoff systems, Theorem of De La Valle Poussin, Strong Unicily theorem, Haar’s theorem,
The convergence of Jackson Theorems, Bernstein inequality, Bernstein theorems, Zygmund
theorem.

(Total Contact Time : 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Korovkin P.P.: “Linear Operators and Approximation Theory”, Hindustan Publishing

Corporation, 1960.
2. Lorentz G.G.: “Berstein polynomials”,Univ. of Toronto Presss, Toronto,1953.
3. Mhaskar H.N., Pai D.V.: “Fundamental of Approximation theory”, Narosa Publishing House,
Delhi, 2000.
4. Natanson I.P.: “Constructive Function Theory”, Vol.-1: Uniform Approximation, NY: Frederick
Ungar, 1st Ed., 1964.
5. Powell M.J.D.: “Approxiamtion Theory & Methods”, Cambridge Univ.Press, 1981.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 517: ADVANCED NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES

 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS (05 Hours)

Condition number and Ill condition systems, Matrix and Vector norms, Error Bounds,
Wilkinson’s algorithm for ill-conditioned systems, Tridiagonal and pentagonal system of
equations.

 COMPUTING OF EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS (05 Hours)

Given’s, Householder, Q-R and Inverse Method, Stability Analysis.

 NUMEICAL SOLUTION OF ODE (06 Hours)

Initial Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations: multi-step methods, predictor and
corrector scheme, stability and convergence analysis.

 FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD TO SOLVE ODE (06 Hours)

Difference approximation to derivatives, Shooting methods, Difference schemes, Boundary
conditions of different kind, Convergence of difference scheme.

 FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD TO SOLVE PARABOLIC PDE (06 Hours)

Explicit and Implicit Difference schemes in one and two space dimensions, Consistency,
Stability and convergence if different scheme.

 FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD TO SOLVE ELLIPTIC PDE (06 Hours)

Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed problems, Direct factorization methods and successive over-
relaxation (S.O.R.), ADI and conjugate gradient methods.

 FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD TO SOLVE HYPERBOLIC PDE (08 Hours)

First order hyperbolic systems in one and two space dimensions-stability and convergence,
Second order equations in one and two space dimensions, Stability: matrix method, Von-
Neumann and energy methods, Lax-Richtmyer equivalence theorem, Consistency and
convergence results

(Total Contact Time : 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Atkinson K.E.: “An Introduction to Numerical Analysis”, Wiley, 1989.

2. Jain M. K., Iyenger S.R.K., Jain R.K.: “Numerical Method for Scientific and Engineering
Computation”, New Age Publication, New Delhi, 2009.
3. Jain R.K.: “Numerical Solution of Differential Equations”, New Age Publication, New Delhi,
2008.
4. Mitchell R. and Griffiths S. D. F.: “The Finite Difference Method in Partial Differential
Equations” Wiley and Sons, NY, 1980.
5. Smith G.D.: “Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations”, 3rd Ed., Calerndorn Press,
Oxford, 1985.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 519: BIO-MATHEMATICS

 MATHEMATICAL EPIDEMICS (09 Hours)

Epidemic models, Deterministic models with and without removal, General Deterministic
Models with removal and Immigration, Control of and Epidemic, Stochastic Epidemic Model
without removal.

 MODELLING GENETICS (09 Hours)

Models in Genetics, Basic models for Inheritance, Further discussion of Basic Model for
Inheritance of Genetic Characteristics, Models for Genetic Improvements: Selection and
Mutation, Models for Genetic Inbreeding.

 MODELLING BIODIFFUSION (07 Hours)

Pharmaco-Kinetics, Compartmental Models in terms of system of Differential Equations, Bio-
Diffusion, Diffusion of Drugs, Trans-Capillary Exchange, Oxygenating of Blood, Cardio
Vascular Flow Patterns, Temperature regulation in Human subjects.

 BIOLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS (08 Hours)

Curve Fitting and Biological Modeling, Fitting curves to Data, The Method of Least Squares,
Polynomial curve fitting.

(Total Contact Time : 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Allman Elizabeth S. and Rhodes John A.: “Mathematical Models in Biology: An

Introduction”, 2004.
2. Cullen: “Linear Models in Biology (Pharmacy)”, Cambridge University Press,December, 2004.
3. Fung F. C.: “Fluid Mechanics”, TataMcGraw-Hill, 2005.
4. Kapur J.N.: “Mathematical Models in Biology andMedicine”, New Delhi, East-West Press,
1981.
5. Kleinstreuer Clement: “Bio-Fluid Dynamics”, CRC Taylor and Francis, 2006.
Fifth year of Five Years Integrated M.Sc. (Mathematics)
M.Sc.-V, Semester-IX L T P C
3 1 0 4
MM 521: SOBOLEV SPACE

 DISTRIBUTION (04 Hours)

Test function spaces and distributions, Convergence distribution derivatives.

 FOURIER TRANSFORM (06 Hours)

1 2
L - Fourier Transform, Fourier transforms of a Gaussian, L - Fourier transform, Inversion
formula, Lp -Fourier transforms, Convolutions.

 SOBOLEV SPACES (08 Hours)

The Spaces W    and W    , their simple characteristic properties, density results, Min
l, p l, p

and Max of W l , p -Functions, The space H 1    and its properties, density results, Dual Spaces,
Fractional Order Sobolev Spaces, Trace spaces and Trace Theory.

 IMBEDDING THEOREM (06 Hours)

Continuous and compact imbedding of Sobolev spaces into Lebesgue Spaces, Sobolev
imbedding theorem, Rellich-Kondrasov theorem.

 WEIGHTED SPACES (08 Hours)

Definition, motivation, examples of practical importance, Special weights of power type,
General Weights, Weighted Lebesgue space P  ,   weighted Sobolev spaces, W k , p  ,   ,
W0k , p  ,   and their properties.

 INEQUALITIES (10 Hours)

0 0, k
Methods of local co-ordinates, the classes C , C , Holder’s condition, Partition of unity, the
class K  x0  including cone property, Hardy inequality, Jensen’s inequality, Young’s inequality,
Hardy – Littlewood – Sobelev inequality, Sobolev inequality and its various versions.

(Total Contact Time : 42 Hours)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Adams R. A.: “Sobolev Spaces”, Academic Press Inc., 1975.

2. Kesavan S.: “Topics in Functional Analysis and /Applications”, Wiley Eastern Limited,1989.
3. Kufner A.: “Weighted Sobolev Spaces”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1985.
4. Lieb E. H. and Loss M.: “Analysis”, Narosa Publishing House, 1997.
5. Pathak R. S.: “A Course in Distribution Theory and Applications” , Narosa Publishing House,
2001.