Term Definition
API (Application A set of rules and tools for building software applications that enables
Programming Interface) communication between different systems.
ARP (Address A protocol used to map an IP address to a physical MAC address within a local
Resolution Protocol) network.
Broadcast Domain A network area where all devices receive broadcasts from a single source.
CAM (Content A specialized memory used in networking devices to store MAC addresses and
Addressable Memory) improve lookup speed.
Collision Domain A network segment where signals may collide when devices transmit
simultaneously.
Deep Packet Inspection In-depth packet analysis for security monitoring, application performance, and
(DPI) network troubleshooting.
DHCP (Dynamic Host A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration
Configuration Protocol) details to devices on a network.
DPI (Deep Packet An advanced method of inspecting and analyzing data packets beyond basic
Inspection) header information to detect protocols, threats, or applications.
Ethernet MAC Address A unique identifier for network interfaces, assigned by the NIC manufacturer.
Formatted as six pairs of hexadecimal numbers.
HSR (High-Availability A redundancy protocol that creates a seamless failover by sending duplicate
Seamless Redundancy) packets in a ring topology.
IACS (Industrial Systems that integrate hardware and software to control and monitor industrial
Automation and Control processes and machinery.
Systems)
IP (Internet Protocol) A protocol responsible for delivering packets of data from the source host to the
destination host using IP addresses.
IPv4 (Internet Protocol The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, used to identify devices on a network
version 4) using a 32-bit address.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol The sixth version of the Internet Protocol, designed to replace IPv4 with a larger
version 6) address space using 128-bit addresses.
LAN (Local Area A network that connects devices in a small geographic area, such as a home,
Network) office, or building.
LLDP (Link Layer A protocol used by network devices to advertise their identity, capabilities, and
Discovery Protocol) neighbors on a local network.
MAC (Media Access A sublayer of the data link layer responsible for managing access to the physical
Control) network medium and addressing devices on a network.
MAC Address Table A table built by switches to map MAC addresses to specific ports, used to forward
frames.
Microsegmentation Granular network isolation within secure zones for advanced access control.
ND (Neighbor A protocol in IPv6 used for address autoconfiguration, device discovery, and
Discovery) maintaining reachability on a network.
NIC (Network Interface A hardware component that connects a computer or device to a network and
Card) allows communication.
OT (Operational Hardware and software that monitor and control physical devices, processes, and
Technology) infrastructure in industrial environments.
PRP (Parallel A protocol that ensures high availability by duplicating network traffic over two
Redundancy Protocol) parallel networks.
Remote Switch Port Similar to SPAN but extends monitoring across multiple switches.
Analyzer (RSPAN)
RSPAN (Remote An extension of SPAN that allows mirrored network traffic to be sent to a monitoring
Switched Port Analyzer) device on a remote switch.
Segmentation Dividing a network into smaller parts for improved security and performance.
SPAN (Switched Port A feature on network switches that mirrors network traffic from one or more ports
Analyzer) to a monitoring port.
STP (Spanning Tree A network protocol that prevents loops in Ethernet networks by creating a spanning
Protocol) tree structure.
Switch Port Analyzer A feature for network traffic analysis, allowing copying of traffic from one port to
(SPAN) another for monitoring.
Zero Trust Network A security model that continuously authenticates and monitors access attempts.
