Faculty : Social and Behavioral Sciences
Department: Community and Social Development
Course: EPECPVS
Module:Professional Ethics and Communication (301)
Coordinator : T. KARAKADZAI
Email: karakadzaithomas@[Link]
Dphil Candidate , Univ ersity of Cape Town
Yout ube :African Cities Sta tus and Futu re Dialo gues
Pho ne : 0777 58 4213/ 071958 4213
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION
PROJECT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS A PROJECT
Most people are familiar with activities referred to as “projects”
One thinks of:
• the construction of roads and bridges
• A building in a city
• An irrigation scheme
• A large farm
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CYCLE
A project consist of a temporary endevour undertaken to create a unique product, services or
results.
A project is the sequence of tasks to achieve the pre-set goal and objectives in a given time
frame.
Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources in such a way
that a project is completed within the defined scope, time and cost.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Project management cycle (PMC) is the process of planning, organizing,
coordinating, and controlling of project effectively and efficiently from start to the
end in order to achieve pre-defined objectives.
Project management cycle involves the series of activities that is followed through
stages of project completion to achieve its goal.
Phases of Project Management Cycle
• Project definition: • Detailed planning:
project constraints • Estimation and
and problem Scheduling, Work
statement Break Down, Project
Network
Development
Initiation Planning
Phase Phase
Project Project
Closure/ Execution
Continuation phase
• Monitoring, • Project team:
controlling, closure • Acquisition,
and review development and
management
• Evaluation is done
here
Initiation Phase
This is the beginning phase of the project.
Project has not been formed yet.
This is the phase where literature review and secondary data analysis is done.
It includes information such as: Purpose, vision and mission of the project, High level project
description, Summary milestones of the project.
The problem is identified and checked if the project can solve it. Basically, the feasibility of
the project is assessed and identified.
Initiation Phase (Continued..)
Things to complete during this phase include:
Undertaking the feasibility study of the study
Assessing the scope of work of the project
Identifying the deliverables
Identifying stakeholders of the project
Comparing the potential costs and benefits of the project
Planning Phase
Planning phase is an important phase of project. This is where the project is designed.
The better the plan, easier will be the execution.
In this phase, we need to break down larger activities into smaller tasks.
Plans for conducting the project are formed in detail.
SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound) goals and objectives
are set.
It includes planning of resources, risk, finances etc.
Roles and responsibilities of the staffs are clearly defined.
At the end of this phase, the plan is documented for the future purpose.
NB. This stage also includes the designing of the project. In some models with 5 stages, project
designing is a stage on its own. However, in real-life project management, designing is part of
the planning phase.
Planning Phase (Continued..)
Project planning involves two parts:
Strategic Planning: Here, we develop overall approach to the project.
Implementation Planning: Here, we figure out the details of how the project will be
implemented.
Things to complete during this phase include : Creating a project plan, Creating workflow
documents or process maps, Estimating budget and creating a financial plan, Gathering
resources, Anticipating risks and potential quality roadblocks
Project Execution Phase
Project execution is the phase where plan is now brought into action, after the final approval
and completion of all planning.
A series of activities is carried out to meet the goals.
Monitoring of the work goes side by side during execution.
Monitoring is done to ensure that the activities are moving on track, as planned.
Moreover, it will also involve immediate rectification and changes required to meet the
overall goal and objective of the project.
This phase also involves mid-term evaluation of the project.
Project Execution Phase (Continued..)
Steps for project execution phase include:
Creating tasks and organizing workflow
Provide necessary guidance, briefing and trainings to the team members
Regular communication with the team members
Monitoring the quality of work
Managing budget
Things to ensure during this phase include: time management, Cost management, Quality
management, Change management, Risk management, Issue management etc.
Project Closure Phase
As the project is temporary it has to come to an end.
closure phase provide final deliverables, release project resources, and determine the
success of the project.
At the end evaluation report is created that would evaluate the overall success of the
project and are useful for future reference as well.
Things to ensure during this phase include:
Analysis of project performance regarding its goals and objectives.
Analysis of team performance.
Documentation of project closure.
Conducting a final analysis of the project.
Closing the finances and budgetary aspects of the project.
Project Closure Phase (Continued.)
Evaluation of projects is usually done here.
This step evaluates if the project managed to provide the anticipated outputs.
Evaluation also assess the input-output and out put-outcome relationship of the project.
Some projects may succeed in achieving the outputs but fail to produce the desired
outcome-these projects may be regarded as failures.
Project evaluation provides important lessons for future project implementation. They develop
evidence to strengthen decision making in designing new projects in future.
After evaluation, the project can be modified, terminated or continued depending with the
results of the evaluation.
END
