GIET UNIVERSITY, GUNUPUR – 765022

Sub. Code: BEIPE7021

Sub. Name: Biomedical Instrumentation
Semester: 7th
Branch: AEI/BT

UNIT – I
(Multiple Choice Questions)

1 Bio-electric signals are generated by [CO1] [PO1

]
(i) muscle cell (ii) flow of blood in the heart
(iii) movement of the chest wall (iv) measurement of skin contact impedance
2 Movement of the chest wall in accordance with respiratory activity gives rise to [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) bio-acoustic signal (ii) bio-electric signal
(iii) bio-mechanical signal (iv) bio-optical signal
3 The signal which is generated by the optical functions of biological systems is called as [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) bio-impedance signal (ii) bio-optical signal
(iii) bio-chemical signal (iv) None of these
4 The value of resting potential is [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) 20 mV (ii) 0.2 mV
(iii) -90 mV (iv) -60 mV
5 The value of action potential is [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) 20 mV (ii) 0.2 mV
(iii) -90 mV (iv) -60 mV
6 The value of threshold during the origin of bio-electric signal is [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) 20 mV (ii) 0.2 mV
(iii) -90 mV (iv) -60 mV
7 Use of pad electrode is in [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) ECG (ii) EEG
(iii) EMG (iv) PCG
8 Use of needle electrode is in [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) ECG (ii) EEG
(iii) EMG (iv) PCG
9 Silver-Silver chloride electrode is [CO1] [PO1
]
(i) prepared by electrolysis (ii) prepared in a saline solution with 2 silver
discs
(iii) acceptable due to its standard (iv) All of these
performance

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 1 The use of pre-gelled disposable electrodes is in [CO1] [PO1
0 ]
(i) ECG (ii) EEG
(iii) EMG (iv) PCG

PART – B: (Short Answer Questions)

a. What are the sources of biomedical signals? [CO1] [PO1]

b. Define measurand in a basic medical instrumentation system. [CO1] [PO1]

c. How does the use of a microprocessor in medical instruments contribute towards intelligent [CO1] [PO3]
medical instrumentation systems?
d. Define code with an example. [CO1] [PO6]
e. Differentiate between voluntary and proprietary standards. [CO1] [PO6]
f. Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods. [CO1] [PO1]
g. What are the different electrodes used for Electro-cardiogram? [CO1] [PO1]
h. What are the different electrodes used for the Electromyogram? [CO1] [PO1]
i. Differentiate between metallic and glass micro-capillary microelectrode. [CO1] [PO1]
j. Illustrate the Electro-encephalogram frequency bands. [CO1] [PO1]

PART – C: (Long Answer Questions)

Answer ALL questions Mark

s
1. a. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the basic medical Instrumentation system. 5 [CO1] [PO2]
b. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the PC-based medical Instrumentation system. 5 [CO1] [PO2]

2. Explain the general constraints in the design of medical instrumentation system. 10 [CO1] [PO2]

3. Describe the origin of bioelectric signals from the living body. 10 [CO1] [PO2]

4. a. Explain the production of silver-silver chloride electrodes. What are the advantages of 5 [CO1] [PO2]
silver-silver chloride electrodes?
b. Describe the method of measurement of skin contact impedance. 5 [CO1] [PO2]

5. Explain briefly the different types of Electrocardiogram electrodes. 10 [CO1] [PO2]

UNIT – II
(Multiple Choice Questions)

1 The transducer that requires energy in order to translate changes due to measurand is called [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) active transducer (ii) passive transducer
(iii) both (i) and (ii) (iv) neither (i) nor (ii)
2 The degree of agreement within a group of observation is called as [CO2] [PO1
]

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 (i) Accuracy (ii) Error
(iii) Precision (iv) Resolution
3 The minimum measurable quantity in measurement is called as [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Accuracy (ii) Error
(iii) Precision (iv) Resolution
4 The total operating range of the transducer is called as [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Threshold (ii) Span
(iii) Drift (iv) Hysteresis
5 The linear potentiometer is an example of [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Zero-order system (ii) First-order system
(iii) Second-order system (iv) Higher-order system
6 ______ is an analytical device for detecting any chemical constituent that combines a [CO2] [PO1
biological component with a physio-chemical detector component. ]
(i) Smart sensor (ii) Biosensor
(iii) Microcontroller (iv) None of the above
7 Smart Sensor provides [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Excellent communication (ii) Data reduction
(iii) Intelligent data development with low (iv) All of the above
cost
8 In ________, amplifier boosts the level of input signal to match with the range of A/D [CO2] [PO1
converter. ]
(i) Signal amplification (ii) Frequency response
(iii) Filtering (iv) Isolation
9 10/20 system is associated with [CO3] [PO1
]
(i) ECG (ii) EMG
(iii) PCG (iv) EEG
1 Thermistor and thermocouple belong to [CO2] [PO1
0 ]
(i) Zero-order system (ii) First-order system
(iii) Second-order system (iv) Higher-order system

PART – B: (Short Answer Questions)

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a. Differentiate between active and passive transducers with examples. [CO2] [PO1]
b. Differentiate between linearity and sensitivity. [CO2] [PO1]

c. Define precision and resolution. [CO2] [PO1]

d. Illustrate a second-order system with examples. [CO2] [PO1]
e. What are the different displacement transducers? [CO2] [PO1]
f. Define gauge factor. What is the significance of gauge factor? [CO2] [PO1]
g. Define the principle of thermocouple. [CO2] [PO1]
h. Define ECG leads. [CO3] [PO1]
i. With a neat and labelled sketch, illustrate Einthoven Triangle. [CO3] [PO1]
j. Explain the 10/20 system implemented in Electro-encephalography. [CO3] [PO1]

PART – C: (Long Answer Questions)

Answer ALL questions Mark

s
1. a. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of the Linear Variable 5 [CO2] [PO2]
Differential Transformer.
b. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of unbounded strain gauge. [CO2] [PO2]

2. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of Electrocardiograph. 10 [CO3] [PO2]

3. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of Electroencephalograph. 10 [CO3] [PO2]

4. a. Briefly explain the general considerations for signal conditioners. 5 [CO3] [PO2]
b. Briefly describe the bipolar ECG leads and the Einthoven Triangle. [CO3] [PO2]

5. a Define phonocardiograph. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of 5 [CO3] [PO2]
phonocardiograph
b. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of Electromyograph. 5 [CO3] [PO2]

UNIT – III
(Multiple Choice Questions)

1 Patient Monitoring systems are used for measuring continuously the patient physiological [CO4] [PO1
parameters at regular intervals of time. ]

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 (i) True (ii) False
2 ______ is used to filter and reduce noise generated by patient movement. [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Low pass filter (ii) High pass filter
(iii) QRS matched filter (iv) None of the above
3 A fibrillation detector is used in [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Heart rate meter (ii) Blood pressure measurement
(iii) Measurement of respiration rate (iv) None of the above
4 Measurement of blood pressure is done by [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Direct method (ii) Indirect method
(iii) Both (i) and (ii) (iv) Neither (i) nor (ii)
5 The stopping of breathing leading to problems in blood circulation and heart problems is called [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Apnoea (ii) Sustained myocardial contraction
(iii) Ventricular fibrillation (iv) Burns
6 Respiration rate is measured by [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Rheo-graphic method (ii) Oscillometric measurement method

(iii) method (iv) Doppler shift method

7 __________ is used to convert light signal into electricity [CO4] [PO1

]
(i) LASER (ii) LED
(iii) Pre-amplifier (iv) Photo diode
8 The electromagnetic blood flow meter is based upon the principle of [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic (ii) Doppler shift
induction
(iii) Photodiode (iv) None of the above
9 EMG is associated with recording the electrical activity of [CO4] [PO1
]
(i) Heart (ii) Brain
(iii) Muscle (iv) None of the above
1 ____________ is used to reduce the amplitude of artefact and count the artefacts as beats. [CO4] [PO1
0 ]
(i) Low pass filter (ii) High pass filter
(iii) QRS matched filter (iv) Slew rate limit average

PART – B: (Short Answer Questions)

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a. What are the long-term objectives of a patient monitoring system? [CO4] [PO1]
b. How is the heart rate measured? [CO4] [PO1]

c. What are the microphones used for phonocardiography? [CO4] [PO1]

d. What are the different methods for measuring respiration rate? [CO4] [PO1]
e. Explain the importance of blood flow meter. [CO4] [PO1]
f. What is the significance of an ultrasonic blood flow meter? [CO4] [PO1]
g. What do you mean by a zero-crossing detector? What is the significance of a zero-crossing [CO4] [PO1]
detector?
h. Upon which principle, Electro-magnetic blood flow meter is based? State the principle. [CO4] [PO1]
i. Differentiate between the direct and indirect methods of blood pressure measurement. [CO4] [PO1]
j. Define apnoea. [CO4] [PO1]

PART – C: (Long Answer Questions)

Answer ALL questions Mark

s
1. a. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the working of instantaneous heart rate meter. 5 [CO4] [PO2]
b. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the oscillometric method of measuring blood 5 [CO4] [PO2]
pressure.

2. Describe the measurement of respiration rate by all methods. 10 [CO4] [PO2]

3. With a neat and labelled block diagram, explain the working of LASER Doppler blood 10 [CO4] [PO2]
flow meter.

4. a. With a neat and labelled block diagram, explain the working of Doppler-shift flow 5 [CO4] [PO2]
velocity meter.
b. With a neat and labelled block diagram, explain the working of Doppler-shift blood 5 [CO4] [PO2]
flow meter.

5. With a neat and labelled sketch, describe the Rheo-graphic method of measuring blood 10 [CO4] [PO2]
pressure.

UNIT – IV
(Multiple Choice Questions)

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1 Electric current can flow through the human body [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) accidentally (ii) intentionally
(iii) both accidentally and intentionally (iv) neither accidentally and intentionally
2 The current flowing through the body of the subject results in [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Gross shock (ii) Micro-current shock
(iii) Both ross shock and micro-current shock (iv) Neither gross shock and micro-current
shock
3 The current flowing through the heart wall of the subject results in [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) Gross shock (ii) Micro-current shock
(iii) Both gross shock and micro-current (iv) Neither gross shock and micro-current
shock shock
4 The safe level of let-go current in males is [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) 16 mA (ii) 10.5 mA
(iii) 9 mA (iv) 6 mA
5 The safe level of let-go current in females is [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) 16 mA (ii) 10.5 mA
(iii) 9 mA (iv) 6 mA
6 Leakage current flows through [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) inductance (ii) conductance
(iii) stray capacitance (iv) resistance
7 The threshold of perception of electric shock is [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) 2 mA (ii) 0.1 mA
(iii) 1.01 mA (iv) 1 mA
8 Derangement of functions of the heart muscle leads to [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) sustained myocardial contraction (ii) ventricular fibrillation
(iii) burns (iv) temporary paralysis
9 The range of leakage measurement is [CO2] [PO1
]
(i) 0-2000 µA (ii) 0-1000 µA
(iii) 1000-2000 µA (iv) more than 2000 µA
1 The general level of let-go current in males is [CO2] [PO1
0 ]

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 (i) 16 mA (ii) 10.5 mA
(iii) 9 mA (iv) 6 mA

PART – B: (Short Answer Questions)

a. Cite some cases where current is administered intentionally to flow through the human body. [CO2] [PO1]
b. Cite some cases where current accidentally flow through the human body. [CO2] [PO1]

c. What are the effects of electric current on the human body? [CO2] [PO1]
d. Define let-go current with their magnitude in both males and females. [CO2] [PO1]
e. Define ventricular fibrillation. [CO2] [PO1]
f. Differentiate between gross shock and micro-current shock. [CO2] [PO1]
g. Define leakage current. What is the reason for the existence of leakage current? [CO2] [PO1]
h. Illustrate the different types of leakage current. [CO2] [PO1]
i. What are the precautions taken to minimize electric shock hazards? [CO2] [PO1]
j. What do you mean by sustained myocardial contraction? [CO2] [PO1]

PART – C: (Long Answer Questions)

Answer ALL questions Mark

s
1. a. Define leakage current. Explain the different types of leakage current. 5 [CO2] [PO2]
b. What are the safety codes for electro-technical equipment? 5 [CO2] [PO2]

2. Describe the electric shock hazards. 10 [CO2] [PO2]

3. a Briefly explain the concept of gross shock. 5 [CO2] [PO2]

b Briefly explain the concept of micro-current shock. 5 [CO2] [PO2]

4. Describe the effect of electric current on the human body. 10 [CO2] [PO2]

5. Briefly explain the testing of bio-medical equipment. 10 [CO2] [PO2]

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