BM ConceptDrill

Evolution
Max Marks – 180 Max Time – 45 mins
1. According to the Oparin-Haldane 4. Match the examples in Column I with
hypothesis, the first form of life on Earth the correct evolutionary concept in
originated: Column II:
A. In a reducing atmosphere, primarily by Column I Column II
the action of lightning and heat on simple P. Thorn of 1) Homologous
inorganic molecules forming complex Bougainvillea and structures
organic molecules. tendril of
B. Due to the spontaneous generation of life Cucurbita
from decaying matter under open Q. Flippers of 2) Convergent
atmospheric conditions dolphins and evolution
C. In oceans with abundant oxygen, leading penguins
to oxidative synthesis of amino acids and R. Forelimbs of 3) Analogous
nucleotides. whales, bats, structures
D. By colonization of early Earth by cheetah and
preformed spores from outer space, a humans
concept also known as panspermia. S. Wings of 4) Divergent
insects and wings evolution
2. Assertion (A): In Miller’s experiment, of birds
amino acids were formed under A. P-1, Q-2, R-1, S-3
simulated conditions of early Earth. B. P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3
Reason (R): The flask contained CH₄, H₂, C. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
NH₃, and water vapor and was subjected D. P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2
to high temperature and electric sparks.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct 5. Assertion (A): The discovery of
explanation of A Coelacanth in 1938 was of great
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the evolutionary significance.
correct explanation of A Reason (R): Coelacanth represents a
C. A is true, but R is false. lobe-finned fish that is a living link
D. A is false, but R is true. between fish and amphibians.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
3. Study the following statements: explanation of A
(i) Chemical evolution preceded the B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
origin of the first cell. correct explanation of A
(ii) The first cellular forms of life were C. A is true, but R is false.
probably prokaryotic and aquatic. D. A is false, but R is true.
(iii) First non-cellular forms of life were
protein-coated RNA molecules. 6. Which of the following sets shows the
How many of the above statements are correct chronological appearance of
correct? organisms during the geological time
A. Only one scale?
B. Only two A. Jawless fish → Amphibians → Reptiles →
C. All three Birds → Mammals
D. None B. Amphibians → Jawless fish → Reptiles →
Birds → Mammals

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C. Jawless fish → Reptiles → Amphibians → C. It correctly explains the elongation of the
Birds → Mammals giraffe neck.
D. Jawless fish → Amphibians → Birds → D. It is now considered invalid.
Reptiles → Mammals
11. Assertion (A): Natural selection
7. Consider the following observations: operates on variations present within a
(i) The dark-coloured variety of Biston population.
betularia increased in number after Reason (R): Variations which help in
industrialization. better survival and reproduction are
(ii) Lichens are absent in highly polluted selected over many generations, leading
areas. to gradual changes.
(iii) Industrial melanism demonstrates A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
natural selection. explanation of A
Which of the following is correct? B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
A. Only (i) and (iii) are correct. correct explanation of A
B. Only (ii) is correct. C. A is true, but R is false.
C. (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct. D. A is false, but R is true.
D. Only (i) and (ii) are correct.
12. According to de Vries, speciation
8. Assertion (A): Adaptive radiation refers occurs primarily by:
to the process of diversification of a A. Accumulation of small, directional
species into multiple forms occupying variations over long periods
different ecological niches. B. Random mutations that appear suddenly,
Reason (R): Darwin’s finches and producing large differences in a single step
Australian marsupials are classical C. Artificial selection exercised by humans
examples of convergent evolution. on desirable characters.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct D. Competition for resources leading to
explanation of A survival of the fittest.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
correct explanation of A 13. The correct Hardy-Weinberg equation
C. A is true, but R is false. expressing the sum total of allelic
D. A is false, but R is true. frequencies is:
A. p² + q² + 2pq = 1
9. Statement A: Placental wolf and B. (p – q)² = 1
Tasmanian wolf exhibit convergent C. p + q = 0
evolution. D. p² – 2pq + q² = 1
Statement B: They evolved from the same
ancestral stock. 14. Assertion (A): A population in Hardy-
A. Both statements A and B are correct. Weinberg equilibrium does not evolve.
B. Both statements A and B are incorrect. Reason (R): Genetic equilibrium persists
C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B only when there is no mutation,
is incorrect. migration, genetic drift, selection, or
D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement recombination.
B is correct. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
10. Which of the following statements B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
about Lamarck’s theory is NOT true? correct explanation of A
A. It explains evolution based on the use C. A is true, but R is false.
and disuse of organs. D. A is false, but R is true.
B. It states that acquired characters are
inherited by offspring.

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15. Statement A: Gene flow is the P. Stabilizing 1) Increase in
movement of alleles from one population selection individuals with
to another. mean character
Statement B: Multiple instances of gene value.
migration between populations will Q. Directional 2) Shift in
disrupt genetic equilibrium. selection population
A. Both statements A and B are correct. towards one
B. Both statements A and B are incorrect. extreme
C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B R. Disruptive 3) Favoring
is incorrect. selection individuals with
D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement extreme values at
B is correct. both ends
A. P-1, Q-2, R-3
16. Consider the following: B. P-3, Q-1, R-2
(i) Founder effect C. P-2, Q-1, R-3
(ii) Genetic drift D. P-1, Q-3, R-2
(iii) Gene migration
Which among these processes can lead 20. Assertion (A): Australopithecus was
to speciation under certain conditions? the first human-like primate that
A. Only (i) appeared about 2 mya.
B. (i) and (ii) Reason (R): They lived in African
C. (i), (ii) and (iii) grasslands and primarily hunted with
D. Only (iii) stone weapons but were frugivorous in
diet.
17. Which of the following is a correct A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
example of anthropogenic evolution? explanation of A
A. Adaptive radiation in Darwin’s finches B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
B. Resistance to antibiotics in bacteria due correct explanation of A
to overuse of drugs C. A is true, but R is false.
C. Formation of analogous organs due to D. A is false, but R is true.
similar habitats
D. Development of homology in whale and 21. Arrange the following evolutionary
bat forelimbs stages of humans in correct sequence:
(i) Homo habilis
18. Assertion (A): In stabilizing selection, (ii) Neanderthal man
individuals with the mean character (iii) Homo erectus
value are favored. (iv) Homo sapiens
Reason (R): Stabilizing selection leads to A. i → iii → ii → iv
a decrease in the frequency of individuals B. iii → i → ii → iv
at both extremes. C. i → ii → iii → iv
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct D. iii → ii → i → iv
explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the 22. Which of the following is correct
correct explanation of A about Homo erectus?
C. A is true, but R is false. A. Brain size around 650 cc, frugivorous
D. A is false, but R is true. diet, no use of tools
B. Brain size around 1400 cc, lived around
19. Match the type of selection (Column I) 40,000 years ago.
with its outcome (Column II): C. Brain size around 900 cc, possibly ate
Column I Column II meat, lived 1.5 mya.

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D. Brain size around 450 cc, earliest of all 27. The Darwinian concept of “fitness”
primates strictly refers to:
A. Strength of an organism to fight
23. Assertion (A): The Neanderthals predators.
buried their dead and used hides for B. Ability to adapt, survive, and leave more
protection. progeny.
Reason (R): Neanderthals had a brain size C. Speed of growth and reproduction
of around 1400 cc and lived in central D. Number of variations in a population
Asia about 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct 28. Assertion (A): Mutations are random
explanation of A and directionless.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the Reason (R): Mutations always produce
correct explanation of A beneficial effects that result in
C. A is true, but R is false. speciation.
D. A is false, but R is true. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
24. Statement A: Bhimbetka caves in B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
Madhya Pradesh show prehistoric cave correct explanation of A
paintings about 18,000 years old. C. A is true, but R is false.
Statement B: These were painted by early D. A is false, but R is true.
Homo habilis.
A. Both statements A and B are correct. 29. Match the following scientists with
B. Both statements A and B are incorrect. their contributions:
C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B Column I Column II
is incorrect. P. Charles Darwin 1) Mutation theory
D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement Q. Hugo de Vries 2) Natural
B is correct. selection
R. Louis Pasteur 3) Chemical
25. Which of the following features evolution
distinguished Homo habilis from experiment
Australopithecus? S. Miller and Urey 4) Disproved
A. Bipedal locomotion theory of
B. Larger brain size (650–800 cc) and use of spontaneous
stone tools generation
C. Use of fire and clothing A. P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
D. Use of agriculture and language B. P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3
C. P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
26. Assertion (A): Migration of a few D. P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4
individuals into a new habitat result in
gene flow. 30. Assertion (A): Human evolution is
Reason (R): This process alters the allelic considered parallel to the evolution of the
frequency in both source and destination human brain and language skills.
populations. Reason (R): The size of the human brain
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct gradually increased with evolution from
explanation of A Australopithecus to Homo sapiens.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
correct explanation of A explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false. B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
D. A is false, but R is true. correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

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 R. Homo erectus 3) Meat-eating,
31. Statement A: Comparative anatomy brain 900 cc, use
provides evidence of evolution by of fire
showing structural similarities and S. Homo sapiens 4) Walked upright
differences. but mainly
Statement B: Fossil records, however, frugivorous, no
cannot give any clue about extinct tools
organisms. A. P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1
A. Both statements A and B are correct. B. P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1
B. Both statements A and B are incorrect. C. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B D. P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4
is incorrect.
D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement 35. Statement A: The term "genetic
B is correct. equilibrium" implies no change in allele
frequency from one generation to
32. The correct sequence of evolutionary another.
events is: Statement B: Any deviation from Hardy-
A. Appearance of multi-cellular organisms Weinberg equilibrium indicates
→ Appearance of first amphibians → Origin of evolutionary change.
reptiles → Origin of birds A. Both statements A and B are correct.
B. Appearance of single-celled organisms → B. Both statements A and B are incorrect.
Photosynthesis → multi-cellular organisms C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B
→ First amphibians is incorrect.
C. Appearance of dinosaurs → Appearance D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement
of Coelacanth → Appearance of reptiles B is correct.
D. Appearance of reptiles → multi-cellular
organisms → Amphibians → Fish 36. Assertion (A): In directional selection,
one extreme character is selected for,
33. Assertion (A): Use and disuse theory and the population evolves towards that
of organs was supported by Lamarck but extreme.
disapproved by Darwin. Reason (R): Directional selection
Reason (R): Darwin emphasized natural increases genetic variability.
selection rather than acquired characters A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
as the cause of evolution. explanation of A
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
explanation of A correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the C. A is true, but R is false.
correct explanation of A D. A is false, but R is true.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true. 37. Which of the following is an example
of divergent evolution?
34. Match the given groups with their A. Wings of birds and insects
features: B. Eyes of octopus and mammals
Column I Column II C. Sweet potato (root) and potato (stem)
P. 1) Prehistoric cave D. Forelimbs of whales and bats
Australopithecus paintings
Q. Homo habilis 2) Upright posture, 38. Assertion (A): In the pre-industrial
used stone period in England, light-colored moths
weapons, brain were abundant.
650–800 cc

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Reason (R): They were less visible on R. 4.5 bya 3) Sudden
lichen-covered tree trunks, making them disappearance of
less susceptible to predation. dinosaurs
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct S. 2000 mya 4) First cellular
explanation of A forms of life
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the appeared
correct explanation of A A. P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4
C. A is true, but R is false. B. P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3
D. A is false, but R is true. C. P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
D. P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4
39. Statement A: The earliest primates
such as Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus 43. Assertion (A): Pre-existing
were more ape-like. advantageous mutations, when selected
Statement B: Homo habilis, which by the environment, can lead to new
appeared later, was frugivorous and used phenotypes.
stone tools. Reason (R): These mutations, combined
A. Both statements A and B are correct. with natural selection over generations,
B. Both statements A and B are incorrect. can eventually cause speciation.
C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
is incorrect. explanation of A
D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
B is correct. correct explanation of A
C. A is true, but R is false.
40. Which of the following species had D. A is false, but R is true.
the largest cranial capacity?
A. Homo erectus 44. Statement A: Genetic drift results in
B. Neanderthal man random changes in allele frequencies,
C. Australopithecus which is significant in small populations.
D. Homo habilis Statement B: Large populations are more
strongly influenced by genetic drift.
41. Assertion (A): Anthropogenic A. Both statements A and B are correct.
evolution demonstrates that evolution is B. Both statements A and B are incorrect.
not always a slow process. C. Statement A is correct, but Statement B
Reason (R): Human activities such as is incorrect.
overuse of pesticides and antibiotics D. Statement A is incorrect, but Statement
create selective pressure leading to rapid B is correct.
development of resistant species.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct 45. Assertion (A): Adaptive ability is
explanation of A always genetically inherited.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the Reason (R): Organisms with adaptive
correct explanation of A ability leave fewer progeny compared to
C. A is true, but R is false. those without it.
D. A is false, but R is true. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A
42. Match the following with the B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the
geological period: correct explanation of A
Column I Column II C. A is true, but R is false.
P. 65 mya 1) Formation of D. A is false, but R is true
Earth
Q. 350 mya 2) Appearance of
jawless fish

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 Que No. Ans Key Que No. Ans Key Que No. Ans Key
1 A 16 C 31 C
2 A 17 B 32 B
3 C 18 A 33 A
4 B 19 A 34 A
5 A 20 A 35 A
6 A 21 A 36 C
7 C 22 C 37 D
8 C 23 A 38 A
9 C 24 C 39 A
10 C 25 B 40 B
11 A 26 A 41 A
12 B 27 B 42 A
13 A 28 C 43 A
14 A 29 A 44 C
15 A 30 A 45 C

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