ELEMENT-1

Que. Identify the possible coast to an organisation following an accident in the workplace ?
Ans. Direct costs:-
 Fine in the criminal coasts
 First aid treatment
 Work sick pay
 Loss of damaged product
 Repair or replacement of damaged equipments
 Loss production time whilst dealing with the injury
Indirect Costs:-
 Loss of staff from productive duties in order investigate the prepare report
 Lost of staff moral
 Cost of remedial action following an investigation
 Compliance with any enforcement notice served
 Cost of recruiting ant training temporary or replacement labour
 Loss of goodwill of customers
 damage to public image and business reputation

Que. Outline the reasons for maintaining and promoting good standards of health and
safety in the work place ?
 Moral
 Legal
 Economic
Moral:-
It is management responsibility to provide reasonable care to the employees to improve the
morality. organisation having commitment towards health and safety considering as a human
being organisation needs to provide welfare facilities good premises and equipments etc.

Legal:-
In order to avoid legal prosecution it is the managements responsibility to implement rules of
health and safety, otherwise it may lead to civil and criminal claims.

Economic:-
Economic benefit will be a motivated workforce will result in increase production rates in order
to avoid financial losses due to safety accident implement health and safety standards as per legal
requirements.

Que. Outline the barriers that might there be to good health and safety practice ?
 Complexity
 Conflicting demands
 Behavioral Issues
Complexity:-
Work can be complicated areas involving the co-ordination of many people performing
many different types of activities finding a solution to a specific health and safety problem can be
complex.

Conflicting demands:-
A common conflict of interest is that between the need to supply a product an appropriate
speed so as to make and the need to do the safety and without risk of peoples health.
Another conflict can be created by the need to comply with different types of standards at
the same time like as:- Health and safety low as well as environmental protection.

Behavioural Issues:-
Same employees of the organisation are interested in health and safety and some are not.
unsafe behaviour issue of employees affect the organisations health and safety culture unsafe
behaviour can lead to accident in the workplace.

Que. Outline workers responsibilities and right ?

Workers Responsibilities:-
 To obey the safety instructions and procedures.
 To take care of their own safety and co-workers.
 Use all equipment properly and not tamper with it.
 using proper PPEs
 Inform about any hazards at workplace.
 Report to supervisor or safety personnel about any accident or incident,
 To follow the company policy and procedures.
 Not to damage to fire equipments, first aid box or any equipments.

Workers Right:-
 To be provided with adequate information an action the employer has taken to ensure
occupational safety and health.
 To get necessary training in occupational safety and health.
 To be consulted by the employer an all matters of occupational safety and health relating
their work.
 To leave a workplace if that will be serious danger to his life.

Que. Outline health and safety responsibilities of an employer ?

 Safe place to work.
 Safe plants and equipments.
 Safe systems of work.
 Training, supervisor and competency of staffs.
Safe place to work:-
The employer creates the place of work which should be reasonably safe and without risk
to health.
Safe plants and equipments:-
All the machineries tools and plants should be reasonably safe and without risk to health.
Safe systems of work:-
These should be recognised procedure for the safe conduct of all work activities these
procedures should be cover all foreseeable possibilities.
Training, supervisor and competency of staffs:-
Employers have a duty to provide an appropriate training for worker and supervisor to
workers to ensure that they are carrying out their work with minimal risk to themselves and
others. Employers should ensure that all staffs workers and managers are competent.

Que. Identify insured and uninsured costs ?

Ans. Insured costs:-
 Damage to plant
 Compensation paid to worker
 Medical cost
 Legal cost (Civil claims)
Uninsured costs:-
 Production delay
 Accident investigation time
 Criminal fine
 Sick pay for insured worker
 Hiring and training new employees

Que. Identify how the following can contribute towards good standards of health and safety
?
Ans. International standards organisation:-
It is the world largest developer of management standards. ISO has developed ISO 9001
(The quality management standards) ISO 14001 (The environmental management standards) And
ISO 12100 (Safety of machinery).

Enforcement agency:-
Each country has one or more enforcement agency responsible for enforcing health and
safety low. These agencies often provide advice investigate workplace accidents take formal
enforcement action to force employer to comply with the low.
 ELEMETN-2

DEFINITION:-
 Health and safety policy:-
It is a clear statement given by the management to achieve the organisation health and
safety goals.

 Negligence:-
Avoid to follow any instruction and be careless about own responsibility like as:-Provide
basic facilities to worker by employer.

 Benchmarking:-
The process of comparison between two similar organisation or industries standards.

 Safety management system:-

A systematic approach to management of an organisations health and safety.

Que. Explain the key elements of a health and safety management system ?
Ans.
Policy:- It is a clear statement given by the management to achieve the organisation health and
safety goal.

Organising:- It is a frame work of clear health and safety roles and responsibilities of each
individual in the organisation.

Planning and implementing:- The organisation has to develop well established health and safety
systems and procedures. Adequate hazard identification and risk assessment to be performed.

Evaluation:- Implemented system and procedures should be monitored periodically to review the
effectiveness.

Audit:- Systematic and critical examination of management system and procedure.

Action for improvement:- Any short coming in the management system has been identified
during audit should be corrected by developing new system and procedures.

Que. Identify the three main section of an organisation health and safety policy and outline
the purpose of each ?
 The general statement of intent
 Organisation
 Arrangement
General statement of intent:-
It outlines the importance that the organisation places on health and safety and
commitment that can be expected.

Organisation:-
It is the section which implements the policy in the organisation in a organised way.

Arrangement:-
This section deals with the practical means for achieving the objectives laid down in policy
statement.

Que. Outline the issues that are typically included in the health and safety arrangement
section of a policy ?
 Carrying out risk assessment.
 Accident and near miss reporting recording and investigation.
 Consultation with worker on health and safety matter.
 Developing safe system of work.
 Control of hazards.
 Provision of safety related training.
 Welfare and first aid provision.
 Emergency procedure.
 Health surveillance.

Que. Outline the circumstance that would require a health and safety policy to be
reviewed?
 Technological changes.
 Organisational changes.
 Legal changes.
 Change to the type of the work.
 When suggested by a third party.
 Following enforcement action.
 Where an audit or investigation suggest the policy is no longer effective.
 After the passage the time.
 When major accident happens.

Que. Outline the purpose of health and safety policy of an organisation ?

 Declares and show the management commitment.
 Complies with legal requirement.
 To established organisation and procedure.
 It is the piece of internal low.
Que. Outline why it is important for an organisation health and safety policy to include
targets ?
 To achieve health and safety policy of the organisation.
 To improve the management system continually.
 To achieve the individual target which assigned by the organisation.
 To motivate the workplace to achieve goal in order to collect awards.

Que. Identify a range of health and safety targets that may be included in the statement of
intent section of a health and safety policy ?
 A specific reduction in the number of accident and work related ill health.
 To increase the number of employees trained in health and safety.
 Reduction in the number of civil claims.

Que. Give reason why the health and safety policy should be signed by most senior person
in an organisation as a managing director or chief executive officer ?
 Shows management commitment.
 Give policy authority.
 Person who signed it has ultimate responsibility.
 ELEMENT-3

DEFINITIONS:-

Morale:-
The level of commitment energy and enthusiasm that a workforce has for the work being done.

Competent Person:-
A person who has sufficient knowledge, training, experience and other ability to be able to carry
out his work safely.

Health and safety culture:-

The shared attitude values beliefs and behaviours relating to health and safety.

Motivation:-
The driving force behind the way a person acts in order to achieve a goal.

Attitude:-
The tendency to behave in a particular way in a given situation.

Perception:-
The way that a person interprets information detected by their sense.

Contractor:-
A person or organisation engaged to undertaken certain work on behalf of a client but not under
the clients direct supervision and control.

Ergonomic:-
The study of the relationship between the worker work that they are doing and the environment
in which they are doing it.

Gap Analysis:-
A technique in which the current situation is compared with the desired or target situation.

Safe system of work:-

A formal procedure based on a systematic examination of work in order to identify the hazard.

Permit to work:-
Permit to work is a formal written procedure applied to control certain type of work which are
potentially hazardous.
Que. Outline the health and safety roles and responsibilities of employers ?
 Commitment to health and safety as the top priority.
 Setting goals for Health and Safety program policy.
 Setting objectives to help organisation evaluate its program.
 Providing adequate operating authority.
 Hiring and training competent staffs.
 Establishing a health and safety committee.
 Ensure supervisors provide competent supervision.
 Provide adequate resources to managers.
 Arrangement for regular examination of workplace and equipments.
 Ensure accidents are properly investigated by the committee.
 Ensure the provision of welfare facilities.
 Ensure that the visitors and public are not affected by health and safety issues of any
activities.

Que. Outline the health and safety roles and responsibilities ?

 To obey the safety instruction and procedure.
 To care of their own safety and co-workers.
 Use all equipments properly and not temper with it.
 Using proper PPEs.
 Maintain an active interest in health and safety.
 Inform any situation which they believe would be a hazard.
 Report to supervisors or safety personnel about any accident and incidents.
 To follow the company policy and procedures.
 Not to damage fire equipments first aid box any equipments.

Que. Outline the roles and responsibilities of safety specialist ?

 Providing advice and guidance on health and safety.
 Promoting a positive health and safety culture.
 Advising management on accident prevention.
 Developing and implementing policy.
 Overseeing the developing of risk assessment.
 Identifying training needs.
 Monitoring health and safety performance.
 Overseeing accident reporting and investigation.
 To advice on matters relating to plant safety inspection.
 To check and evaluate the effectiveness of the action to taken to prevent personal injury.
Que. Outline the roles and responsibilities of directors and senior managers ?
 Developing and enforcing safe and healthy work procedures.
 Ensuring all staffs are competent.
 Providing supervisors with necessary authority.
 Allocating adequate resources for health and safety.
 Ensuring there are enough supervisors to effectively supervise workers and control
hazards.
 Assisting the local committee to carry out its duties effectively.
 Knowing and complying with the legislation.
 Scheduling shifts and work procedures with safety in mind.

Que. Outline the roles and responsibilities or foremen, supervisor and middle managers ?
 Taking training in their duties and responsibilities on health and safety.
 Establishing goal that help improvement the employers programme.
 Setting an example by working and acting safety.
 Following the policy of organisation.
 Finding adequate resources for health and safety.
 Conducting regular inspection group meeting etc.
 Ensuring workers are properly trained.
 Creating awareness among workers in health and safety.
 Establishing and enforcing and safe work procedures, rules and practices.
 Co-operating with the health and safety committee.

Que. Outline the roles and responsibilities of designers, manufactures and suppliers ?

Designers:-
 Considers the factor of safety.
 Articles are designed by considering the ergonomics factors.
 Use code of practices and relevant standards.
 Consider the safe use and maintenance provision.

Manufacturers:-
 Construct the product as per the design.
 Use good quality of materials.
 Develop the material safety data sheet.
 Product label to be displayed on the product.
 The product has to be tested and certified and provide test certificates.
 Give adequate information instruction and training to suppliers.
 Properly packed and stored and safety reach in to the hand of suppliers.
Suppliers:-
 Suggest good material to customer.
 Provide material safety data sheet.
 Provide test certificate to customers.
 Give adequate information instruction about the hazards.
 Properly packed stored and safely reach in to the hand of customer.
 Give training to customer about use.

Que. Outline how the organisation could reduce the risks to the contractors before the
project starts and during the projects ?
Ans. The way that the organisation manager to reduce the risk to the contractors.
 Selection of the right contractor.
 Planning the work.
 Co-ordination of the work.
 Monitoring of the work.

Selection of the right contractor:-

Certain evidence for judging competency of staffs risk assessment records health and
safety policy, accidents records and adequate resources for health and safety.

Planning of the work:-

Information would be exchanged between the client and contractor, client and contractor
should discus about the hazards may happen during the work.

Co-ordination of the work:-

The client and contractor must co-ordinate their work carefully to avoid the conflict.
Relevant health and safety information to be communicated between the client and the
contractor.

Monitoring of the work:-

Periodic monitoring to be conducted to ensure that contractor complies with the safe
working practices and arrangements.

Que. Outline the health and safety criteria to be checked while selecting a contractor ?
 A copy of their health and safety policy.
 Examples of risk assessments.
 The qualification and training records of staffs.
 Contractors’ previous experience with the type of work.
 Quality of the health and safety plan.
 Membership of a certified body.
 Name of previous and current clients.
 Accident history records.
  Records of maintenance and test certificate of equipments.
 Records of enforcement action.
 Proof of adequate resources.

Que. Outline the ways in which organisation can positively influence the health and
safety behaviours of their workers ?
Ans.
Management commitment and leadership:-
Commitment should be cascaded down through the organisation. It is visibly demonstrated
outside the boardroom. An important factor is visible leadership by taking an active interest in
safety issue like behaving safety.

Policy of procedures:-
The existence and quality of these and the ways that encourage or discourage good safety
behaviour.

Competent managers and staffs:-

Manager should have an understanding of the health and safety implication. Apart from the
manager workers must also be competent.

Effective communication:-
Communication provides a way of delivering information and instruction to people at work.

Disciplinary procedures:-
It may be necessary to use disciplinary procedure to enforce the health and safety rules.

Resources:-
Availability of any necessary equipment and the allocation of time improve good health and
safety behaviours of worker.

Training:-
It is central to management of health and safety in workplace. In the absence of this, it is
difficult to develop competence and good safety behaviour.

Que. Identify why a verbal instruction way not be clearly understood by a worker ?
 Language barrier
 Using jargon word
 Strong accent may interface
 Background noise may interface
 Recipient may have poor hearing
 Massage may be ambiguous
 Recipient may forget information
 No written record as proof
Que. Outline the merits and demerits of written communication & outline the barriers ?
Merits:-
 Permanent records
 Can be referred back to
 Can be written very carefully to avoid jargon and ambiguity etc.
 Can be distributed to a wide audience
Demerits:-
 Take time to write
 No instant feedback
 Language barrier
 Recipient may not be able to read
 Question cannot be asked
Barriers:-
 Presentation level of the written materials
 Quality of information
 Quantity of information
 Attitude
 Competence
 Illiteracy

Que. Outline the advantage and disadvantage of visual communication ?

Advantages:-
 Eye catching
 Visual
 Quick to interprets
 No language barrier
 Jargon free
 Conveys a message to a wide audience
Disadvantages:-
 Can only convey simple message
 Expensive to buy or produce
 May be ignored
 Can become out of date quickly
 Questions cannot be asked
 No immediate feedback available

Que. Identify the types of health and safety information that could be displayed on a
notice board within a workplace ?
 Health and safety policy
 Emergency contact number and rescue team members details
 Details of first aiders
  Evaluation procedures and assembly pint
 Brief incident report
 Safety alert
 Minutes of safety committee

Que. Outline the different health and safety communication in an organisation ?

 Health and safety policy procedures
 Circulars
 Training and induction programme
 Safety manual
 Safe work method
 Notice board
 Safety meeting
 Toolbox talks
 Posters safety campaign.
 Communication through managers
 Safety walk through

Que. Outline how induction training programme for new workers can help to reduce
the number of accident in the workplace ?
 It allows the workers to obtain knowledge about the organisation in a safe manner.
 It will help in improvement of competency amongst workers.
 It will create a dramatic effect on safety related behaviours
 It enables workers to apply correct rules and procedures
 It informs the workers about foreseeable emergencies
 Workers will be informed about limitation and restrictions that apply to their work.

Que. Identify ways in which workers perception of hazards in the workplace might be
improved ?
 Using survey to establish to why workers don’t appreciate the presence of hazard.
 Carrying out safety awareness campaign.
 Developing training programme
 Highlighting hazards.
 Removing distractions such as noise.
 Providing adequate lighting.
 Involving people in OHS.
Que. Identify the main health and safety issues that could be includes in an induction
training program for new worker ?
 Health and safety policy.
 First aid facilities and personnel.
 The location of welfare facilities.
 Safe movement around workplace.
 Accident and incident reporting procedures
 General safety rules.
 PPEs requirements.
 Introduction of safe system of work and permit to work.
 Introduction of risk assessment system.

Que. Identify factors that could have contributed to the deterioration of the health and
safety culture within the organisation ?
 Lack of leadership from management.
 Presence of blame culture.
 Lack of management commitment to safety.
 Health and safety receiving lower priority than other business issue.
 Organisation changes.
 High staffs turnover rates.
 Lack of resources.
 Lack of worker consultation.
 Poor management systems and procedures.
 External influence.

Que. Outline how the organisation could work to gather to help ensure the work place
is safe and health ?
 Satisfy themselves that the arrangement adopted for health and safety are adequate.
 Co-operate and co- ordinate any necessary control procedures with other employers.
 Agree joint arrangement to meet regulatory obligations such as appointing a health
and safety coordinators.
 Take reasonable steps to inform other employers where there are risk to health and
safety.

Que. Outline why it is important to develop emergency procedure in the workplace ?

 Emergency response procedure is legal requirement.
 To reduce the property damages and personal injuries.
 To act immediately without time delay in case of emergency.
 To deal with the foreseeable incidents.
 Emergency procedure gives the clear duties and responsibilities of each employee.
 Emergency procedure maintains the emergency kits communication system assembly
point and mock drills etc.
Que. Outline why visitors to workplace should be informed of an organisations
emergency procedure ?
 Don’t know about hazards and risk in the workplace.
 Don’t know how to react in case of emergency.
 Vulnerable people.
 Lack of information about the emergency exits and routes.

Que. Identify the internal arrangements to be established to deal with the emergency
situations ?
 Evaluation procedures.
 Emergency rescue team.
 Emergency communication.
 Training and mock drill.
 Emergency response vehicle.
 Emergency assembly point.

Que. Identify main purpose of first aid treatment ?

Ans. Preserve life:
Save the life of a person by giving a medical case.
Prevent future harm:
Prevent the condition from worsening.
Promote early recovery:
Immediately transfer the person in to hospital.

Que. Outline the factors that to be considered while determining the number of first
aider in a workplace ?
 Number of workers.
 Hazards present in the workplace.
 Work pattern/shift pattern.
 Spread of workplace.
 Needed to provide first aid during absence.
Que. Outline factors to be considered when assessing the first aid requirement in
workplace ?
 General risk level of workplace.
 Hazards present in the workplace.
 Accident history.
 Specific procedure required.
 Presence of vulnerable people.
 Number of workers in the workplace,
 Work pattern.
 Geographic location of the workplace.
 Spread of workplace.
Que. Outline the factors to be considered while setting a first aid provision in the
workplace ?
 Qualified first aiders.
 Adequate location.
 Clean and adequately heated and illuminated area.
 Hand wash facilities/clinical waist bin.
 Eye wash station or emergency showers.
 Fully equipped emergency vehicle.
 Wheel chair/stretcher.
 Resuscitation equipment.
 All first aid equipment have to be maintained.

Que. Identify factors that should be considered when developing a programme of

health and safety training ?
 New employees.
 Nature of work.
 Previous accident.
 Technology changes.
 Tools and equipments.
 Competency of employees.
 Resources.
 Process change.
 New legislation.
 Hazards and risk.

Que. Identify the measures that might be used to assess the effectiveness of safety and
health training ?
 The trainers.
 The trainees.
 Supervisors.
 Reduction in accident.
 Sickness absence.
 Attitude survey.
 Competence with procedures.
 Reduction in civil and criminal claims.

Que. Identify the indicators that an organisation health and safety culture may be poor
or ineffective ?
Accident records:
An accident rate that is higher than national average might be seen as an indicator of a
negative health and safety culture.
Absenteeism:
A high level of the worker absenteeism indicates that workers are either not able to not
willing to come to work which can be linked to poor safety culture.
Sickness rate:
A huge number of working days are lost due to sickness and can be considered as an
indicator of health and safety culture.
Staff turnover:
High turnover of staff may indicate a poor health and safety culture.

Que. Identify factors that will determine the level of supervision that a new worker
should receive during their initial period of employment ?
 Safety culture of the organisation.
 Nature of the job undertaken.
 Environment condition.
 Quality and existence of the procedures.
 Competency level of the worker.
 Perception of risk.
Que. Outline reasons why young person may be at a higher risk of injury in a
workplace?
 Lack of experience in workplace.
 Physical and perhaps mental immaturity.
 Poor perception of risk.
 Heavily influenced by peer group pressure.
 Eager to show a willingness to work.
 Less developed communication skills.
Que. Identify the key stage of general risk assessment process and outline the issue that
would need to be considered at each stage?
 Identify hazards.
 Identifying population at risk.
 Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
 Recording significant finding.
 Reviewing the assessment.
Identify hazards:
The first step in the risk assessment process is to identify all significant hazards associated
with the work. It is important to consider both the safety hazards and health hazards.
Identifying population at risk:
When identifying people at risk consideration should be given not only to of these carrying
out particular activities but also those who affected by those activities like maintenance
staff/workers cleaner and visitors etc.
Evaluate the risk and decide on precaution:
To check that the level of the risk generated by the hazards acceptable or does it needs to
be reduced.
Recording significant finding:
The significant finding of a risk assessment should be recorded to provide a statement of
hazards in the workplace and action taken to control these risk.
Reviewing the assessment:
These are number of situation should be considered while reviewing the risk assessment
like change in process substances, equipment, workplace and legal standards.

Que. Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to assist
in carrying out risk assessment in the workplace ?
Ans. Risk assessment should be carried out by competent person and following factors should
be considered.
 An ability to identify, read and correct interpret guidance on a topic.
 A detailed understanding of background knowledge.
 Training in carrying out risk assessment in particular.
 Experience of the process/activity.
 Communication and reporting skills.
 Commitment to the task and attention to details.
 Awareness of the individual owns limitations.
 Interpretation of any local regulations and standards.

Que. Outline the factors influence the attitude of a person ?

Behaviour:
The personal nature.
Experience:
The competency level and the level of training.
Peer group pressure:
The pressure from the tap management or from the group leaders.
Management commitment:
The health and safety culture of the organisation.
Family background:
Support of the family and family issues.

Que. Outline the factors affecting the perception of a person ?

 Sensory impairment.
 Previous experience.
 Illness.
 Stress.
 Fatigue
 Drugs and alcohol
 Training and education peer group influences
Que. Outline the reason why competent person fails in health and safety ?
 Lack of management commitment
 Lack of safe work procedure
 Lack of concentration
 Peer group pressure
 Ineffective supervisor
 Lack of information and consultation
 Lack of training

Que. Outline the key element of a permit to work system ?

Ans.
Issue:
 Description of the work to be carried out.
 Assessment of hazards associated with the job.
 Control measures and required.
 Additional permit.
 Isolation of services.
 PPEs
 Atmospheric monitoring
 Emergency procedures
Receipt:
 Signature of the authorized person issuing the permit.
 Signature of the competent person accepting the permit.
Clearance:
 Signature of the competent person stating that the area has been made safe that they
are leaving the area.
Cancellation:
 Signature of the authorised person stating that the isolation have been removed that
the area has been accepted back and that the equipment can be restarted.

Que. An organisation has had an increase in the number of the manual handling
accident and associated ill health.
Identify the sources of information that may be available to help to reduce the risk to
the workers ?
Internal information sources:
 Accidents records
 Medical records
 Absence records
 Risk assessments
 Safety personnel inspection
 Audit reports
 Minutes of safety meetings
External information resources:
 National legislation
 National code of practices and guidance
 Trade association
 Safety journal and magazines

Que. Identify four categories of workplace safety sign and give an example ?
 Prohibition: No smoking
 Warning: Vehicles operating in the area
 Mandatory action: Eye protection must be worn
 Safe condition: Emergency escape route
 Firefighting equipment: Fire hydrant.

Que. Give reason why PPEs should be considered only after other control measures ?
 It does not remove the hazards
 It only protects one person
 It may not protect adequately if it is not fitted correctly.
 It may not be comfortable may interfere with the wearer’s ability.
 People don't like wearing PPEs
 If it fails, it fail to danger
 Training in correct use in necessary
 It may be contamination if not stored correctly.

Que. Outline factors that should be considered when developing a safe system of
work?
People:
Are the people competent or trained to conduct the specific work. How many people are
working on the task.
Equipment:
Is the machinery/equipment specific for the work. Is it in good condition and having test
certificate.
Environment:
In what type of environment will in what take place, e.g. space light and temperature.

Que. Identify four means of hazards identification that may be used in the workplace ?
Ans.
Inspections:
A formal inspection can removed the various hazards that are present and that need to be
considered in the risk assessment.
Task analysis:
Task analysis involves breaking a job down into successive steps and identifying the
hazards associated with each step.
Legislation:
Knowledge of the legal standards that apply to a workplace is an important aid to
identifying hazards.
Manufacturers information:
When a new item of plant, machinery or equipment is purchased. It usually comes with an
instruction book that contains information about all related hazards.

Que. Why it is important for safe systems of work to be in writing ?

 Documenting safe systems of work provides a precise reference for all workers.
 It provides a reference for use in training.
 It ensures consistency of method.
 It forms a record.
 Written SSWs also established a standards which can be audited.
 It provides the employer which may be required for legal reason.

Que. Outline what needs to be considered in order to reduce the health and safety risk
to the lone worker ?
 Worker properly trained and experience.
 Employer set limits on what can or cannot be done.
 Periodic visiting by supervision
 Automatic warning devices
 Devices to raise the alarm
 Check worker has returned to back
 First aid kit and training
 Emergency action to be taken if worker becomes ill
 Procedures to be adopted by worker when lone working
 ELEMENT-4

Que. Identify the general hierarchy of control measures to reduce the risk level at the
workplace ?
 Elimination
 Substitution
 Engineering control
 Administrative control
 Personal protective equipments
Elimination:
Eliminating the risk by designing them out.
Substitution:
Substituting less hazardous substance at the place of hazardous.
Engineering control:
Engineering controls involve the use of an engineering solution to prevent
exposure to the hazards like as isolation, separation, partial enclosure and safety device.
Administrative control:
Establishing policies procedures and work methods designed to reduce a workers
exposure to a risk.
Personal protective equipment:
Equipment or clothing that is intended to protect the worker from harm.

Que. Outline the proactive monitoring methods ?

Ans.
Safety inspection:
A regular, scheduled activity with comparison to accepted performance standards.
Safety survey:
A detailed examination of one particular issue.
Safety sampling:
It is regular random exercise in which unsafe acts and conditions are noted and recorded.
Safety tour/walk through:
A high profile inspection of a work place carried out by a group including managers.
Health and surveillance:
periodic medical examination of employees.

Que. Identify reactive monitoring methods ?

 Health and safety audits
 Incident data statistics
 Enforcement action
 Civil claims
Que. Outline typical topic heading that might be including in a generic inspection
checklist ?
 Fire safety
 House keeping
 Environment issue
 Traffic routes
 Chemical safety
 Machinery safety
 Electrical safety
 Welfare facilities

Que. Outline why an organisation should have a system for the internal reporting of
accidents ?
 To trigger the provision of first aid treatment
 To preserve the accidents scene for the investigators
 For the compilation of accident statistics
 To identify the trends
 To satisfy legal requirement
 For use in civil claims
 To identify and reduce to loss
 To inform the review of risk assessment

Que. Identify why workers might not report accident at work ?

 Unclear organizational policy on reporting incidents.
 No reporting system in place.
 Culture of not reporting incidents.(peer group pressure)
 Complicated reporting procedures.
 Excessive paper work.
 Take to much time.
 Blame culture.
 Poor management response.
 Reluctance to receive first and treatment.

Que. Outline why it is important for an organisation to consider the number and type
of accidents that have occurred at its workplace ?
Ans. The information could be used to target certain area of performance where problems
have been identified. The result of statistical analysis of accident data are usually presented
in graphic from because tables of numbers are difficult to analyze and interpret.
Que. Identify the team members involved in accident investigation ?
 Line manager
 Supervisor
 Safety personnel
 Engineer
 Senior manager
 Specialist

Que. Identify the typical contents of an internal accident record ?

 Name and address of casualty
 Date and time of accident
 Details of injury
 Details of parts which injured
 Details of treatment given
 Description of event causing injury
 Details of any equipment or substance involved
 Witness’ name and contact details
 Details of person completing the record
 Signature

Que. Identify the reasons for investigating accidents ?

 To identify the immediate and root cause of accident
 To identify corrective action to prevent a recurrence
 To record the facts of incidents
 For legal requirement
 For claim management
 For staff morale
 For disciplinary purpose
 To enable the updating of risk assessment
 To discover trends

Que. A worker seriously injured in the work place outline immediate and long term
action that should be taken ?
The immediate actions:
 Give first aid treatment
 Call for ambulance and send to hospital
 Inform the dependents
 Make area safe and cordon off
 Notify enforcement authority
 Speak to any eye witness
 Take photographs and statements
The long term actions:
 Investigate the accident
 Identify the immediate and root causes
 Give recommendations
 Report the cause to the management
 Draw the action plan for implementation
 Communication the cause to all employees

Que. Outline the principles of good interviewing technique to be used when

interviewing witness ?
 Hold the interview in a quiet room
 Introduce themselves and try to establish report with witness
 Explain the purpose of the interview
 Use open questions
 Keep an open mind
 Take notes
 Ask the witness to write and sign a statement
 Thanks the witness for their help

Que. Outline benefits to an employer of conducting accident investigations ?

 To identify the immediate and root cause.
 To identify corrective action to prevent a recurrence.
 To record the facts of the incident
 For legal requirement
 For staff morale
 For claim management
 For disciplinary purpose
 To enable the updating of risk assessment
 To discover trends

Que. Outline the process for investigating the accident ?

Ans.
 Gathering information:
Secure the scene as soon as possible.
Collecting witness details before they start to move away.
Collecting factual information by photographs, sketches, video etc.
Checking the document like: site plans, area layout, policy, risk assessment, training
records, safe systems of work, permit to work etc.
 Analyzing information:
The purpose here is to draw conclusion about immediate and root causes of the
incident.
  Identify suitable control measures:
Identify suitable control measures and establish to prevent similar occurrences in
the future.
 Plan the remedial actions:
Unsafe conditions must not be allowed to persist in the workplace dangerous
practices and high risk activities must be dealt with immediately.
Certain work activities suspended and location evaluated.

Que. Give to strengths and weaknesses of using a checklist when carrying out an
inspection ?
Ans.
Strengths of using a checklist:
 Written records.
 It is ready to use recipe rather then wasting time.
Weakness of using a checklist:
 Irrelevant information some times in the checklist.
 Sometimes not covering the areas which can lead to major accident.

Que. Identify the content that could be included in an accident reporting training
course for all workers within an organisation?
 The lines of reporting
 How to complete internal documents and form.
 How to report to external organisation.
 The types of event that the organisation requires to be reported.
 The importance of reporting accidents and incidents.

Que. Outline factors that would determine the frequency with which health and safety
inspection should be done in a workplace ?
Ans. Factors to take into account when determine the frequency of inspections.
 Statutory requirements.
 The activities carried out and the level of risk.
 How well established the process.
 Risk assessments.
 Manufactures.
 Whether workers have voiced concerns.
 ELEMENT-5
Que. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of carrying out a health and safety
audit of an organisation activities by
(a) An internal auditor
(b) An external auditor
Ans.
An internal auditor:
Advantages:
 Less expensive
 Auditors already familiar with the workplace.
 Can see changes since last audit
 Improves ownership of issues found.
Disadvantages:
 Auditors may not notice certain issues
 Auditors may not have good knowledge of industry or legal standards.
 Auditors may not processes auditing skills.
 Auditors are not independent.

An external auditors:-
Advantages:
 Independent of any internal influences.
 Fresh pair of eyes.
 Already has audit experience.
 May have wider experience of different types of workplace.
Disadvantages:
 External auditors are expensive
 Time consuming
 Auditors are not familiar with work procedure

Que. Outline the issues that need to be considered at the planning stage of an audit?
 The scope of the audit:- will it cover just health and safety or environmental
management as well.
 The area of the audit:- fully comprehensive or more selective.
 Who will be required:- auditors will need to be accompanied during their visit and
need access to managers and worker for gathering information.
 Information:- Auditors should be provided with relevent documents before starting
the audit so that they can prepare.
Que. Outline reasons why an organisation should review health and safety
performance ?
 To identify weather the organisation is on target.
 If not on target, why not
 To check weather new legislation or guidance has been applied.
 To check whether risk applied.
 To check whether risk controls are being implemented.
 To check whether information, instruction and training programmes are effective.
 Review is a part of OHSAS-18001 health and safety management systems.

Que. Identify the methods of gathering information during an audit ?

 Reference to paper work:
The documents and records that indicates what should happen and what has been
happened relevant to a particular issue.
 Interview:
Words of mouth evidence given by managers and workers.

Que. Identify documents that is likely to be inspected during health and safety audit ?
 Health and safety policy
 Risk assessment and safe systems of work.
 Training records
 Minutes of safety committee meeting
 Maintenance records and details of failures
 Record of safety survey, safety walk through and inspections etc.
 Accident investigation reports.
 Emergency arrangements.
 Inspection records from insurance company
 Records of worker complaints.

Que. Outline the contents of a training course for managers who will carry out internal
health and safety audits for their organisation ?
Ans. The following information can be included in training for internal auditors.
 Inspection of workplace, equipment, behaviours and documentation.
 The use of certain testing tools for carrying out inspection of equipments.
 Interviewing technique for gathering information through workers and staffs.
 Information about legal standards.
 Filling up non conformance report after the audits.
Que. Outline factors that should be considered as part of a review of health and safety
performance ?
Ans.
 Legal compliance:
The organisations must be aware of any legal compliance issues.
 Accident and incident data:
Clearly the number and types of accident incident and reportable events etc should
be reviewed.
 Finding of safety survey walk through and inspection;
May provide evidence of conformance or non-conformance to standards.
 Quality assurance:
May also provide a source of information.
 Audit:
Findings of internal and external audits should be reviewed.
 Absence and sickness data:
Work related ill health absence monitoring records should be reviewed.
 Consultation:
The organisation should be consulting with workforce on health and safety matters.
 Action from previous reviews:
Action will arise at each reviews and progress must be monitored to ensure they are
closed out.

Que. Why it is important that the outcomes of the review is reported to the chief
executive ?
Ans. Senior management has certain authority to take appropriate actions. He may reassess
the policy statement of intent and update it if required.

Que. Give the reasons why hazards to the health of workers may not be identified
during a workplace inspection ?
 The nature of the hazards may not be well understands.
 Hazards contacts with biological agents.
 Lack of measuring equipments like noise.
 The hazard not be visible like radiation,
 Worker are not available during the inspection.
 Low priority for health in organistaion.
 The lack of competency of the inspector.