Make list of all the formula of AC resonance
Here is a compact, exam-ready list of AC resonance formulas for series and parallel RLC circuits
covering resonant frequency, Q factor, bandwidth, half‑power frequencies, impedance behavior,
and magnification relations for SSC JE/GATE preparation. [1] [2]
Core formulas
Condition for resonance: . [3] [4]
Bold term: The resonant frequency is $ \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}},; f_0 =
\frac{\omega_0}{2\pi} = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}} $. [1] [4]
At resonance, impedance is purely real (unity power factor): series RLC has minimum
impedance, parallel RLC has maximum impedance. [1] [4]
Half‑power concept: at the –3 dB points, current is for series (and
voltage/impedance is at 0.707 of the peak for parallel). [2]
Bold term: Q factor vs bandwidth: $ Q = \frac{\omega_0}{\Delta\omega} = \frac{1}{B_f} $
with fractional bandwidth . [1] [5]
Series RLC (acceptor)
Resonance: $ \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}},; Z_{\min}=R,; PF=1,; I_{\max}=\frac{V}{R} $.
[1] [4]
Bold term: Q factor (series): $ Q=\frac{\omega_0 L}{R}=\frac{1}{\omega_0 R C}=\frac{1}
{R}\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}} $. [1] [5]
Bandwidth (rad/s and Hz): $ \Delta\omega = \frac{\omega_0}{Q} = \frac{R}{L},;; \Delta f =
\frac{f_0}{Q} = \frac{R}{2\pi L} $. [2] [6] [1]
Half‑power (cutoff) angular frequencies: $ \omega_l = -\frac{R}{2L} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{R}
{2L}\right)^2 + \frac{1}{LC}},;; \omega_h = \frac{R}{2L} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{R}{2L}\right)^2 +
\frac{1}{LC}} $. [7]
Small‑damping approximation around center: $ f_l \approx f_0 - \frac{\Delta f}{2},;; f_h
\approx f_0 + \frac{\Delta f}{2} $. [2]
Voltage magnification at resonance: $ V_L = I X_L = Q,V$ and $ V_C = I X_C = Q,V $. [1] [5]
Current/impedance behavior: below circuit is capacitive; above inductive. [2]
Parallel RLC (rejector)
Resonance (ideal LC in parallel with R): $ \omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}},; Z_{\max},; PF=1 $.
[1] [4]
Bandwidth and Q (R in parallel with LC, rad/s): $ \Delta\omega = \frac{\omega_r}{Q} =
\frac{1}{RC} \Rightarrow Q = \omega_r RC = R\sqrt{\frac{C}{L}} $. [8] [1]
Dynamic (resonant) impedance for practical LR branch in parallel with C: $ Z_d = \frac{L}
{CR} $. [9]
Resonant frequency for LR branch in parallel with C (coil resistance R in series with L): $
\omega_0 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}\sqrt{1 - \frac{R^2 C}{L}} $. [9]
Current magnification at resonance (ideal case): branch currents satisfy $ I_L = Q,I_{source}
$ and $ I_C = Q,I_{source} $. [2]
Behavior: at resonance input appears resistive; below net inductive; above net
capacitive. [2]
Common identities and quick conversions
Selectivity relation: $ Q = \frac{f_0}{BW} = \frac{\omega_0}{\Delta\omega} $. [2] [1]
From rad/s to Hz for series bandwidth: $ \Delta f = \frac{\Delta\omega}{2\pi} = \frac{R}{2\pi
L} $. [6] [1]
Half‑power criterion: at band edges, power is so magnitude is at of its
resonant peak (current for series, voltage/impedance for parallel). [2]
Series vs parallel at resonance (quick compare)
Feature Series RLC Parallel RLC
Impedance at resonance Minimum, equals R [1] Maximum (antiresonance) [1]
Power factor Unity [1] Unity [1]
Magnification Voltage across L or C equals [1] Branch current equals [2]
Bandwidth (rad/s) [1] (R in parallel) [8]
Exam tips
Remember: high Q ⇒ narrow bandwidth and sharper selectivity; low Q ⇒ wider bandwidth,
directly from . [2] [1]
For fast calculations: series BW in Hz is , and parallel BW in rad/s is
when R is in parallel with LC. [6] [8]
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