TABLET COMPRESSION MACHINES
Tablet compression machines are used to compress dry granules or powder into solid tablets. The machine
applies mechanical pressure to compact the material into a defined shape and size.
There are three main types of tablet presses:
o 1.Single Punch Tablet Machine
o 2. Multi-Station Rotary Press
Hopper
SINGLE PUNCH TABLET MACHINE DriveShaft
Eccentric cam
Also known as: Hardness control
Granules
Eccentric press
Single-station press Upper Punch
Feed Shoe
Die
Die Table
o Basic Description: Ejection
Lower Punch Requlator
Weight
A single punch tablet press uses one set of punch and die. It Requlator
Main Frame of
is designed for small-scale production, R&D, and pilot Machine
batches.
machine
Tablet
o Output: Single Punch
Figure 2.10:
Up to 200 tablets per minute
o Main Parts and Functions:
Part Function
a. Hopper Holds and supplies granules or powder to the die cavity. It can be filled manually or
mechanically.
b. Die Contains the die cavity in which granules are compressed into tablets.
c. Die Cavity The space where the tablet is formed by the action of upper and lower punches.
d. Punches Consist of upper and lower punch. These compress the powder within the die. The
lower punch adjusts powder volume; the upper punch applies compression force.
e. Cam Track Guides the movement of punches in and out of the die.
f. Capacity Adjusts the lower punch position to control the amount of powder filled in the die
Regulator cavity.
g. Ejection Facilitates tablet ejection after compression by lifting the lower punch.
Regulator
o Working Process:
1. Die cavity is created - upper punch rises, lower punch moves down.
2. Granules fall into the die cavity from the hopper.
3. Upper punch descends to compress the granules into a tablet.
4. Upper punch lifts, and lower punch rises to eject the tablet.
5. Process repeats.
o Advantages:
Simple to operate
ldeal for small batch production
High pressure ’ better weight uniformity
MULTI-STATION ROTARY PRESS
Also called:
Rotary Tablet Press suitable for large-scale, high-speed production.
o Description:
A rotary tablet press has multiple sets of dies and punches (commonly 8-60 stations) mounted ona rotating
turret. It compresses tablets continuously as the turret rotates.
O Output:
Can produce up to 1200 tablets per minute or more depending on the number of stations.
o Main Parts and Functions:
Part Function
Upper &Lower Turrets Hold multiple sets of punches and rotate during operation.
Lower Cam Track Guides lower punches to help fill the die cavities.
Feeder / Feed Frame Transfers powder/granules from hopper to die cavities.
Cam Tracks Guide movement of punches during compression.
Ejection Cam Moves lower punch upward to eject the tablet.
Take-off Blades Push the ejected tablets to the discharge chute for collection.
o Working Process:
1. Powder from hopper flows to the rotating feed frame.
2. As turret rotates, dies move under feed frame and get filled.
3. Pre-compression stage: Removes trapped air.
4. Main compression stage: Upper and lower punches compress the powder.
5. Ejection stage: Tablet is pushed out of the die cavity.
6. Take-off blade moves tablet to chute.
7. Dies rotate back under the feeder and repeat the cycle.
Continuous operation the machine compresses tablets non-stop as long as powder is
supplied.
o Advantages:
High-speed production
Uniform tablets - same weight, size, shape
Automated and efficient
Cost-effective for large batches
Saaper Main Compression
Roll
UppDPuncy
God
LowenPuncheD
GDGm
WotghnAdjustnont Rmp Precom0r
KSsion
Ecton Cm
Main Copression
WetgtControl Un Roll
Figure 2.12: Multistation
Rotary press
