OEL

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Name :

Matric No. :

Session :
 CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY DATA SHEETS VERSION 2023

LIST OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS

ASSOC. PROF. TS. DR. SOPHIA C. ALIH : Coordinator of Civil Engineering Laboratory 1
DR. HAZLAMI FIKRI BIN BASRI : Coordinator of Civil Engineering Laboratory 2

PROF DR. MARLINDA BINTI ABDUL MALEK

PROF DR. AHMAD BAHARUDIN BIN ABD RAHMAN
DR. BAHARIN BIN MESIR
DR. AHMAD RAZIN BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN
ASSOC. PROF. DR. JAMALUDIN BIN MOHAMAD YATIM
ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. SHEK POI NGIAN
DR. MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN SHAHRIN
ASSOC. PROF. DR. ABDUL RAHMAN BIN MOHD. SAM
DR. SITI NORAFIDA BINTI JUSOH
DR. AFIKAH BINTI RAHIM
DR. MUHAMMAD FARHAN BIN ZOLKEPLI
DR. MOHD ZUL HANIF BIN MAHMUD ASSOC. PROF.
DR. HARYATI YAACOB
TS. DR. MOHD KHAIRUL AFZAN BIN MOHD LAZI
ASSOC. PROF. DR. ARIZU SULAIMAN
TS. DR. KHAIRUNNISA BINTI MOHD PA’AD
DR. MUZAFFAR ZAINAL ABIDEEN
DR. KOGILA VANI ANNAMMALA
ASSOC. PROF. IR. TS. DR. MOHAMAD HIDAYAT BIN JAMAL
DR. MOHAMAD HASIF BIN OSMAN
TS. DR. MUHAMAD ZULHASIF BIN MOKHTAR
DR. MOHD RIDZA BIN MOHD HANIFFAH

For usage of Civil Engineering Laboratory (UTM) subject only.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CODE TITLE PAGE

CONCRETE LABORATORY (C1-C2) 4
C1 & C2 CONCRETE DESIGN MIX 5
STRUCTURE LABORATORY (S1) 6
S1 PORTAL FRAME 7
GEOTECHNIC LABORATORY (G2) 11
G2 UNDRAINED TRIXIAL SHEAR STRENGTH TEST 12
ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY (E1-E2) 13
E1 RIVER CLASSIFICATION 14
E2 WATER TREATMENT PROCESS (COAGULATION) 15
HYDRAULIC & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY 16
(H2)
H2 RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP 17
TRAFFIC&HIGHWAY LABORATORY(T2-T4) 18
T2 BITUMEN TEST 19
T3 ASPHALT MIXTURE TEST 20
T4 SPOT SPEED TEST 21

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 CONCRETE
LABORATORY
(C1-C2)

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 C1, C2- OPEN ENDED LABORATORY

Your company has been awarded a project to conduct an engineering design (WK5, C5-WP7) for a multi-
functional commercial complex construction in a highly urbanized area located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Based on the civil engineering materials fundamentals (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6)
the wide-ranging (WP2, WP7) materials and variables that can affect the fresh and hardened properties of
the concrete. You are required to design two types of concrete mixes: Mix C1, a normal concrete mix for
general structural components like beams, columns, and slabs, ensuring compliance with standard
requirements for strength, workability, and durability, and Mix C2, a specialized concrete mix tailored to a
specific scenario provided by the client. Choose only one (1) scenario from the Mix C2. As an effective
team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a report to the client indicating the data needed
for the design process (CLO1, C5, WP7) of experimental procedure stated in DoE method utilizing the
engineering (PLO2) fundamentals and applied engineering (WK3).

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 STRUCTURE
LABORATORY
(S1)

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S1 – PORTAL FRAME

Case Study 1

A structural assessment has been conducted on a pedestrian bridge located at Jalan Teknologi,
Johor Bahru, Johor. The bridge, consisting of simply supported reinforced concrete beams, has
shown signs of excessive deflection and potential shear cracking under pedestrian and light vehicle
loads. The local authority has awarded your structural engineering consulting firm a project to
analyse the shear force and bending moments acting on the bridge’s beams to ensure their
structural integrity and safety.

Your task is to conduct an experimental investigation (C5) of shear force and bending moment
behaviour using laboratory-scale beam specimens. The findings (CLO3) should support the
formulation (CLO2, C5, WP7, PLO2) of improved beam design strategies (WK5) to ensure
serviceability and strength under applied loading conditions.
Based on systematic, theory-based formulation of structural mechanics and material
properties (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6) the necessary wide-ranging
experimental tests (WP2, WP7) to determine the shear force and bending moment distribution in a
simply supported beam under different loading conditions.

As an effective team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a technical report for
the client that presents:
1. The shear force and bending moment diagrams derived from the experimental data.
2. A comparison between experimental results and theoretical calculations using beam
bending equations.
3. An evaluation of potential failure modes and safety factors for the structure.

The report should include the experimental procedures stated in standard structural testing
methods (CLO1, C5, WP7) using first principles of engineering mechanics (PLO2) and applied
structural engineering (WK3). State all assumptions used in the analysis and propose engineering
recommendations to improve the bridge’s beam performance.

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Case Study 2

A new multi-story commercial building is under construction in Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru,
Johor. During the structural analysis phase, engineers identified potential overstressing in beam
elements supporting large open spaces due to unevenly distributed loads. The project’s structural
consultants have requested an experimental study to assess shear force and bending
moments in reinforced concrete beams under various loading configurations.

Your structural engineering team has been assigned to conduct (C5) an experimental
investigation (WK5, C5-WP7) to evaluate shear and bending behavior in different beam
configurations. The findings (CLO3) should support the formulation (CLO2, C5, WP7, PLO2)
of optimal beam reinforcement strategies to enhance load-bearing capacity and structural
efficiency.

Based on systematic, theory-based formulation of structural mechanics and materials

science (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6) the necessary wide-ranging laboratory
tests (WP2, WP7) to examine shear force distribution and bending moment variations under point
loads and distributed loads.

As an effective team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a technical report for
the client that presents:
1. The shear force and bending moment diagrams derived from experimental testing.
2. A comparison between experimental and theoretical values based on elastic beam theory.
3. Recommendations for improving the beam’s structural performance,
considering reinforcement placement, material optimization, and alternative beam
geometries.

The report should include the experimental procedures following standard structural testing
protocols (CLO1, C5, WP7) using first principles of engineering mechanics (PLO2) and applied
engineering (WK3). All assumptions must be clearly stated, and design modifications should be
justified with quantitative engineering analysis.

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Case Study 3

A large-scale industrial warehouse is being constructed in Pasir Gudang, Johor, utilizing precast
concrete beam systems to accelerate the construction process. However, engineers have raised
concerns regarding shear and bending capacity variations due to potential inconsistencies in joint
connections and material curing conditions. The project’s structural consultants have
commissioned your engineering team to conduct an experimental study assessing the shear force
and bending moments in precast concrete beams to ensure their structural adequacy and long-term
performance.

Your team has been assigned to perform (C5) an experimental investigation (WK5, C5-WP7) to
evaluate shear and bending behavior in different precast beam configurations and joint conditions.
The findings (CLO3) should support the formulation (CLO2, C5, WP7, PLO2) of effective
reinforcement and connection strategies to enhance load distribution and overall structural
efficiency.

Based on systematic, theory-based formulation of structural mechanics and materials

science (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6) the necessary wide-ranging laboratory
tests (WP2, WP7) to examine shear force distribution and bending moment variations under static
and cyclic loading conditions.

As an effective team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a technical report for
the client that presents:
1. Shear force and bending moment diagrams derived from experimental testing.
2. A comparison between experimental results, theoretical calculations, and precast industry
standards.
3. Recommendations for optimizing precast beam performance, including improvements in
reinforcement detailing, joint stability, and material composition.

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The report should include the experimental procedures following standard precast structural testing
protocols(CLO1, C5, WP7) using first principles of engineering mechanics (PLO2) and applied
precast construction techniques (WK3). All assumptions must be explicitly stated, and design
recommendations should be supported by quantitative engineering analysis to ensure the safe and
efficient application of precast beam systems in industrial construction projects.

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GEOTECHNIC
LABORATORY
(G2)

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G2 - UNDRAINED TRIXIAL SHEAR STRENGTH TEST

A large-scale transportation infrastructure project has been planned for construction in Johor,
where soft clay deposits pose a significant challenge for foundation design and stability. The
project site is characterized by high moisture content, and the presence of groundwater raises
concerns regarding soil strength and potential bearing capacity failure.

Your company has been appointed by the project consultant to conduct a geotechnical assessment
to evaluate the undrained shear strength of the soil, which is critical for determining the stability of
embankments and foundation design (PLO2, WK1, WK3). The investigation involves performing
a triaxial test on undisturbed soil samples extracted from various depths, with groundwater level
information, that will be provided during the laboratory session.

As a geotechnical engineering team, you must independently determine the appropriate testing
methodology (PLO5, WP1, WK6), plan and execute the necessary investigations, and analyze the
results using engineering tools and principles (PLO5, WK2). Working collaboratively (PLO8, A5),
you are expected to document all procedures, observations, and findings in a comprehensive
technical report (PLO8, CLO3), including the stress-strain behavior and shear strength parameters
derived from your experimental results. Your report should also include engineering
interpretations, justifications, and recommendations (C6, WP2, WP7) to ensure a safe and
sustainable construction approach (WK4, WK6). No procedural guidance will be given, and your
ability to apply fundamental geotechnical knowledge, critical thinking, and teamwork will be key
to successfully completing the task.

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ENVIRONMENT
LABORATORY
(E1 AND E2)

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E1 – RIVER CLASSIFICATION

UTM Ecotourism Unit has awarded your company for a river rehabilitation project adjacent to
Block M46, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru. Based on
the recent on-site observation, the pollution source is mainly caused by surface runoff, sullage and
algae. The client requires your company to submit a technical report consisting of engineering
(PLO2) fundamentals (WK3) categorization of river water quality according to Malaysian National
Water Quality Standards.

As an effective team (CLO4, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a report to exhibit
composition (CLO1, C5, WP7) of experimental procedure stated in APHA Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater, using first principles of engineering (CLO1, PLO2)
fundamentals and applied engineering (WK3).

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E2 – Water Treatment Process (Coagulation) (

With the increasing frequencies of water disruption in the students’ residential colleges, your team
is also required to reduce the cloudiness of the river water prior to membrane treatment process.
Perform (CLO4, A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6) of necessary coagulant tests for the cloudiness
reduction. The findings (CLO3) should support the formulation (CLO2, C5, WP7, PLO2) of wide-
range (WP2) coagulant dosage design (WK5) to solve (CLO2, C5) the water cloudiness issue.
Produce (CLO3, C5) a report on the tests conducted as well as the findings of the designed
coagulant dosage.

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 HYDRAULIC
LABORATORY
(H1)

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H1 – RIVERFLOW MEASUREMENT

JPS Johor has awarded your company for addressing the issue of flooding through an extensive hydrology
study. The location of the affected river is adjacent to Block M46, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru. As an expert hydrologist team (CLO5, PLO8), apply the essential principles
of hydrologic engineering (PLO2) to adapt (P6) and perform (A5) the necessary procedures (CLO1) at the site.
The client requires your company to produce a technical report (CLO3, C5) and also to include complete
logbook of the study, consisting of engineering fundamentals (PLO2, WK3) to formulate and solve using
(CLO2, C5) two conventional methods. The findings (CLO3) should support the formulation (CLO2, C5,
WP7, PLO2) of wide-range (WP2) hydrological designs (WK5) to solve (C5) the flood issue using sustainable
solutions.

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TRANSPORTATION
LABORATORY
(T2-T4)

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T2- BITUMEN TEST

As a quality control engineer in a road construction company, you are responsible for assessing the
performance characteristics of multiple batches of bitumen received from different suppliers before approving
their use in road pavements. As an expert in the quality control team (CLO5, PLO8), you must apply
fundamental principles of highway material engineering (PLO2) and perform (A5) the necessary procedures
(CLO1) for determining bitumen consistency properties. Additionally, your company requires you to produce
a comprehensive technical report (CLO3, C5) detailing the classification (CLO2, C5, WP7, PLO2) and key
characteristics of the bitumen samples.

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T3 – ASPHALT MIXTURE TEST

Road defect had occurred at Jalan Kemulian, Skudai. The client has requested to conduct a forensic
investigation on the core pavement samples given to your company. Based on systematic, theory-based
formulation of highway engineering fundamentals required (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4,
P6) the necessary wide ranging (WP2, WP7) sample classification tests based on the core sample obtain on
site.

As an effective team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a technical report to the client
indicating the sample classification (CLO1, C5, WP7) of experimental procedure stated in Standard
Specification for Road Works (JKR) using first principles of engineering (PLO2) fundamentals and applied
engineering (WK3). State all assumptions use.

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T4 – SPOT SPEED TEST

As a traffic engineer, you are responsible for improving traffic safety for road users. Based on the case study
given, design and conduct the spot speed study at the selected location. Using a systematic, theory-based
formulation of traffic engineering fundamentals required (PLO2, WK3), perform (A5) and adapt (CLO4, P6)
the necessary wide-ranging (WP2, WP7) sample data by collecting and analysing speed data, interpreting the
results, and proposing recommendations to improve traffic safety.

As an effective team (CLO5, PLO8) in your company, produce (CLO3, C5) a technical report to the client
indicating the sample classification (CLO1, C5, WP7) of the experimental procedure stated in Arahan Teknik
Jalan (ATJ) using first principles of engineering (PLO2) fundamentals and applied engineering (WK3). State
all assumptions used.

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