JAVA
History =>
- initialy developed in 1991 by
James Gosling (Sun MicroSystem)
- old name - OAK(trademark of other co.)
- in 1995 change to JAVA
- in 2010 Oracle acquired Java
- it works on a famous TagLine
WORA(write once run anywhere)
- it has large standard library
JAVA flavour
J2SE - Core-java / Standard Edition/Basic Java
Desktop Application / GUI/ Stand-Alone
J2EE - Advanced java/ Enterprise Edition
Web-based Application
J2ME - Micro-Edition
Android
Differences
JDK JRE JVM
java development java runtime envnt. java virtual machine
kit
have all the software it has all the libraries responsible to
convert the object(byte code) code
tools to create a java app packages into related OS
1. javac(compiler)
2. java(launcher) pre-defined classes
3. javadoc(documentation) methods/function
How the java code compile
source code [sample.java] ----> Compile -----> object code
[Sample.class] // byte code
How the java code run
[ Sample.class ] ------> [ JVM (interpreter)] ----------->
Win/Mac/Linux/ otherOS
{JIT}-->Just In Time Compiler
Features of Java
1. simple
2. portable (platform independent)
3. Robust (strong): - memory management(garbage collector)
4. Secure (becoz of no pointers)
5. Distributed
6. OOPS
7. Multi-threaded
Naming Convention
class : first letter of each word should be capital eg: FirstProgram
variable : camel-case eg: firstName, getDataFromServer
function: camelcase doSomething()
keyword: always in small case(pre-reserved)
Eng Lang Program Lang
alphabet - characters
Words - identifier
sentences - instruction
paragraph - program
chapter - application
java language is case sensitive/
1. characters :
a to z, A to Z, 0-9, %!@#$%^&*( etc.
2. identifiers (all the var, function, class, keywords name)
i. constant (any information is constant here)
int -> -ve/ +ve / 0 -> (56,89,-45, 0)
(real) float -> eg: 89.89, 4.67 , 0.043, 56.0
char 'G', '7', '^', '4';
'ksdjgh' x
'6', '10'x, 'M', '0.1'x, '$', ' 1'x, '3', "h" x , "100"x ,
' '
String : sequence of character enclosed within a double quotes:
eg: "TCIL-IT, Chandigarh", "Hello87980-=-964##@$#"
boolean : true/false
ii. variables
Variables :- variables are the names of the memory block to store
data..
int a = 10;
float marks = 99.56;
char gender = 'M' or 'F';
String name = "TCIL-IT";
a is variable
marks is variable
conditions(rules) for variables:-
1. varible name is the combination of alphabets, number and character
2. can not start with special characters and numbers except _ and $
eg: _name , $abc12, name10
@name(x)
3name(x)
3. spaces are not allowed
String first name (x)
Strnig firstName (ok)
4. can not used keywords as variable name;
iii. Keywords: pre-reserved words( compiler already know their
meaning)
int,float,char, String, boolean,
if, else, else if, for, while, break, continue, switch, class,
public, static, final, abstract etc
