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lndi;- and Natural Disasters

J India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.
Definition of Disaster
• Over 65't land area vulnerable lo earthQuakes:
A Disaster is an event that occurs in most case~
• 70i of land under cultivation prone to drought;
suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe
• 5% o' land (40 rnilhon hectares) to floods;
disturbances to people, objects and environment,
• 8\ of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.
resulting in loss of life ,property and health of the
• :, N.aJor Disaster occurs every 2·3 years;
population. Such a situation causes disruption 1n
• 50 milllon people affected annually normal pattern of life, generating misfortune,
• 1 m,tllon houses damaged annually along with human,sociat and helplessness and suffering affecting the socio-
other losses
economic structure of a region/country to such an
• Ounng 1985 2003, the annual average damage due to natural
d1s<1sters has been est1maled at 70 million USD
extent that there ,is a need for assistance o:-
immediate •Jutside intervention.
GOI

Ingredients of a Disaster Disasters affec ting India

■ A phenomenon or event which constitutes
■ EARTHQUAKE
a trauma for a populati on/ environment.
■ VOLCANIC ERUPTION
■ A vulnerable point/ar ea that will bear the ■ TSUNAMI
brunt of the traumatizing event. ■ CYCLONE
■ The failure of local & surrounding ■ FLOOD
resources to cope with the problems ■ LANDSLID E
■ BUSHFIRE
created by the phenomenon.
■ DROUGHT
■ MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE, EXPLOSIO N)
■ Types of Disaste rs ■ CIVIL UNREST
■ Natural - Manmad e

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RESPONSE RECOVERY
Res onse measures are usually those whic~ are taken ■ Recovery is the process by which communities
• im!dia tely prior to and following disaster impact. and the nation are assisted in returning to their
• Typical measures include : proper level of ·functioning following a disaster.
• Implementation of plans
■ Three main categories of activity are normally
• Activation of the counter-disaster system
regarded as coming within the recovery
• Search and Rescue
• Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical
segment:
assistance etc. ■ Restoration
■ Survey and assessment ■ Reconstruction
• Evacuation measures ■ Rehabilitation

PREVENTION & MITIGATION

PREPAREDNESS
• Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to
impede
the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent such an Preparedness is usually regarded as
occurrence having harmful effects on communities or key
installations. comprising measures which enable
governments, organizations,
• Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes the
form comm unitie s and individuals to
of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster
on a nation or co ty
the develo mmuni • For instance, some countries regard respond rapidly and effec tively to
pment and application of building codes (which can
reduce damage a d I
1 . n oss in the event of earthquakes and disaster situations.
eye ones) as being in the category of mit1gat1on.

1
 GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER Tornadoes
• LOSS OF LIFE
• INJURY • Rotating, funnel-shaped clouds from powerful
• DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY. thunderstorms
• DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION. • Winds up to 300 MPH capable of producing maJor damage
• DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE • More occur in the United States than anywhere else 1n the
• LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD. world; they occur in every state in America.
• DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES
• DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTU RE
• DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTA L SYSTEMS
• NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS
• SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICA L AFTER
EFFECT.

DISASTE R MANAGE MENT

Hurricane s
"AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH
SEEKS, BY THE SYSTEMATIC
■ Massive severe storms occurring in the tropics
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF
■ Winds greater than 75 MPH DISASTER S, TO IMPROVE
■ Clouds & winds spin around the eye MEASURE S RELATING TO
■ Produce heavy rains, high winds, large waves, and
PREVENTION, MITIGATION,
spin-off tornadoes PREPARED NESS,EME RGENCY
RESPONS E AND RECOVERY."

2
 PREPAREDNESS(Contd) Bhopal Disaster
• Gas Leak on December 3, 1984 - MIC (Methyl
■ Examples of Preparedness measures are :
Iso Cyanate)
• The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-to-date ■ 8000 people died, 50,000 injured
counter-disaster plans
• Gas leaked from a Union Carbide Plant at nrght
• Special provisions for emergency action
■ The provisions of warning systems Mam effe!X Pulmonary Edema, S£Jn
and eye damage ( ~ I t:;l;nd~s)
■ Emergency communications
Seamaary effect. Bronctuus, Broncn.al
■ Public education and awareness pnetJl'TIOOla

■ Training programs, including exercises and tests. People fled from tne porSOtl
A Bt>op,:;1 J a rn
gas ,n the middle of the
night
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