Memory
Memory
&
&
Processor
by EMily
CONTENT
CONTENT
Random Access Memory
(RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Flash Memory
Processor (CPU)
MEMORY
MEMORY
Memory can accessed faster than secondary
storage. It is used to store instructions so that
the processor can fetch the instructions quickly
in order to process them!
What are
are type
type of memories? And
how many are
how are there?
There are three type:
Random Access
Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory
(ROM)
Flash memory
IMAGES
IMAGES
Flash Memory RAM ROM
RAM part 1
Usage Characteristics
SOftware is loaded into
RAM from secondary volatile (temporary)
storage and processor any data in the ram
then fetches will be lost if the
software’s instructions power is turned off
from RAM and executes
it.
RAM part 2
RAM is used to store programs that are in use .
More RAM means more program can be runned at the same
time.
Less RAM space can get you to trouble in using many
application and this is because secondary storage is much
slower than RAM and for SSDS it will reduced the peformance
time by time.
Pros of adding more RAM
use many programs at the same time
can update programs or software smoothly and get access
to new features easily
ROM
ROM
Usage Characteristics
ROM is used in computer systems
that store only one Stores data permantly
programme(single purpose non-volatile
computers not lost when power is
Eg. calculators, digital watches, turned off
washing machine. General
purpose computers such as PCs
and laptop and also it is use to
boot the system
ROM 2
Used to refer to memory that cannot be
changed after manufacture. Its full name is
Mask Programmed Read Only Memory
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) is
manufactured with the ability to be written
to, but it can only be written to once.
ROM 3
Even thought the insturctions can’t be swapped in and out of ROM we
can somehow updates data on ROM (only some types)
They are:
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryO
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
They can be erased and rewrite
EPROM >> erased by exposing it to strong ultraviolet light (UV).
EEPROM >> erased by applying voltage to one of the pins on ROM chip.
EEPROM later developed into flash memory (coming up!)
The process of erasing and writing the content of EPROM or
EEPROM is used when updating the firmware of a device.
Difference Between RAM
Difference
and ROM
and
RAM ROM
Stores data when power NO YES
off?
Can swap instructions in and
YES NO
out?
Accesible in any order? YES YES
Intended to store... Temporary data Permanent data
Can be upgraded? YES
NO
Flash Memory
Flash memory is a type of EEPROM.
Non-volatile
Does not have any moving parts so it has a fast
access time and low power usage.
Cuz of low power usage , it is used in the SSDs that
are used in portable devices (laptops and computers)
as they relies on internal batteries for power.
Flash memory is often used as reliable storage in
USB drives and SD cards
PROCESSOR
PROCESSOR
Carry out software
instructions
A processor In process which include more
them one CPU, each CPU
is made up
referred to core.
of one or EXAMPLE:
more CPU In quad-core processor, four cores
are working during each processor
cycle and this is means it can work
4x times than single core
processor.
PROCESSOR’S SPEED
PROCESSOR’S
Speed is measured in clock sycles per second.
This is the number of times per second the processor can
carry out one or more instructions
Clock cycles are measure in units called hertz(hz) ,
kilohertz(kHz), megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz)
THERE ARE OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING HOW MUCH WORK A
PROCESSOR CAN DO IN GIVEN TIME
Consider the amount of work that a CPU can do in each
clock cycle.
Different processors can carry out more instructions per
core in each cycle.
Thank
Thank
You
You
