Nishanta Subedi (078bei025)
SIMULATION 1 :FAMILIER WITH ADS
Objective:
● Introduce Advanced Design System (ADS) and guide students through its basic features with
clear steps.
Theory:
Advanced Design System (ADS): ADS, from Keysight Technologies, is a top tool for RF, microwave,
and signal integrity design. It handles transmission-line circuits, passive/active circuits, and system
components. It supports schematic design, layout, simulations (frequency/time-domain), and
electromagnetic analysis, with linear/nonlinear device models. It’s widely used for RF circuit
optimization.
S-Parameters: These describe how microwave devices, circuits, or networks behave in the frequency
domain, showing signal transmission and reflection. They’re key for frequency-sweep measurements.
Simulation 1 : Analyzing the Magnitude plot phase plot and Smith chart of simple
RLC circuit
1.Schematic Diagram of RLC circuit
2.Magnitude plots
Fig : magnitude plot of s11 vs freq
Fig : magnitude plot of s12 vs freq
3.Phase Plot
Fig:phase plot of s11 vs freq
fig: phase plot of s12 vs freq
4.Smith Chart
Fig: Smith Chart of S11 vs Frequency
Fig:smith chart of s22 vs freq
Fig : equation of impedance and rectangular plot of impedance vs freq
List of s parameters on different frequency
Simulation 2
Circuit schematic diagram:
S11 magnitude and phase plot vs frequency:
S22 magnitude and phase plot :
List of S Parameters:
Input impedance equation , Real and Imaginary Plot:
Smith chart of S-Matrix parameters vs frequency:
Simulation 3 :Single Stub matching network using Smith Chart in
smith chart
Objective:
Design a single stub matching network using the Smith Chart in Advanced Design
System (ADS).
Software Required:
Advanced Design System (ADS)
Theory:
Single Stub Matching: This RF technique uses a short or open-circuited transmission
line stub to match impedance, ensuring maximum power transfer and minimal
reflections. By adjusting the stub’s length and position, the load impedance is
transformed to match the source. It’s widely used in antenna and amplifier design.
To match impedance, move along the transmission line toward the generator by distance
ddd until the admittance’s real part is 1 (normalized). On the Smith Chart, this
corresponds to points where the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) circle intersects the
R=1R=1R=1 circle (points C and D). A stub is then added in parallel to cancel the
imaginary part of the admittance (e.g., ±j1±j1±j1), achieving a perfect match.
Simulation 4:create a single stub matching network match a 50 Ω line to a load
impedance of 𝑍𝐿 = 70 + 𝑗100Ω at a frequency of 700 MHz.
Smith chart after matching :
fig :smitch chart of matched network
CALCULATION
Case 1:
For a load impedance of 150 + j160 Ω connected to a 100 Ω transmission line
at 3 GHz
f = 3 GHz
λ = c / f = (3 × 10^8) / (3 × 10^9) = 0.1 m = 10 cm
d = (72 / 360) λ = 2 cm
ls = (57.503 / 360) λ = 1.48 cm
lo = (148.865 / 360) λ = 4.13 cm
Case 2:
For a load impedance of 80 – j60 Ω connected to a 50 Ω transmission line at
2 GHz
Frequency:
f = 2 GHz
Wavelength:
λ = c / f = (3 × 10^8) / (2 × 10^9) = 0.15 m = 15
cm
From the given figure:
d = (39.921 / 360) λ = 1.66 cm
lo = (123.879 / 360) λ = 5.16 cm
ls = (34.218 / 360) λ = 1.42 cm
Simulation 5 : Simulation of patch antenna
Objective
To design a patch antenna operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz.
Software Required
● ADS (Advanced Design System)
Theory
A patch antenna is a low-profile antenna that can be mounted on a surface. It consists of a
planar sheet of metal (the patch) placed over a larger sheet of metal known as the ground
plane.The patch can have various shapes, such as rectangular, circular, or triangular, but
rectangular and circular are the most common.Patch antennas are widely used in the GHz
frequency range (f > 0.5 GHz). At lower frequencies, their physical dimensions become
too large for practical applications.
Design Parameters
● Height of substrate (h): 1.6 mm
● Metal thickness: 1.4 mil
● Dielectric constant (εr): 4.6
● Loss tangent (tan δ): 0.001
● Conductivity (σ): 5.8 × 10⁷ S/m
Width and Length of Radiating Surface
W = L = C / (2 f sqrt(ε_r))
Where:
C = 3 × 10^8 m/s (velocity of light)
f = 2.4 × 10^9 Hz (design frequency)
ε_r = 4.6 (dielectric constant)
Therefore:
W = L = 29.2 mm
Feed Line Depth
h = 0.8222 / 2 = 12 mm
Other Dimensions
Y = W / 5 = 5.8 mm
X = 2W / 5 = 11.7 mm
Coordinates of Patch Geometry
● (0, 0)
● (0, 29.2)
● (29.2, 29.2)
● (29.2, 0)
● (17.5, 0)
● (17.5, 12)
● (16.1, 12)
● (16.1, -10)
● (13.1, -10)
● (13.1, 12)
● (11.7, 0)
