Chapter 1: Introduction to Globalization ➢ Globalization

o growing economic interdependence of

Globalization Concepts, Meaning, Features,
countries worldwide through increasing
Dimensions
volume and variety of cross border
- Process in which people, ideas and goods spread transactions in goods and services and of
throughout the world spurring more interaction international capital flows and also
and integration between the world’s cultures, through the more rapid and wide diffusion
governments and economies of technology – IMF
- Process of interaction and integration among the o expansion, and intensification of social
people, companies, and government of different relations and consciousness across world
nations, a process driven by international trade time and world space. It is about growing
and investment and aided by information worldwide connectivity according to
technology Steger.
- Second World War:
o Governments have adopted free-market ➢ FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF
economic systems GLOBALIZATION
o Governments have negotiated dramatic o Creation of new social networks and the
reductions in barriers to commerce and multiplication of existing connections that cut
established international agreements to across traditional, political, economic, cultural
promote trade in goods, services, and and geographical boundaries.
investment o in the expansion and the stretching of social
o Corporations have built foreign factories relations, activities, and connections
and established production and marketing a. Reflected Social Stretching – non-
arrangement with foreign partners governmental organization,
- Effects? commercial enterprises, social clubs,
o On environment regional & global institutions and
o On culture associations (UN, EU, ASEAN, and
o On political systems others)
o On economic development and prosperity o Intensification and acceleration of social
o On human physical well-being in societies exchanges and activities
around the world o Involve the subjective plane of human
- Globalization is about growing worldwide consciousness
connectivity. a. Globalization involves both macro-
- Before outbreak of First World War 1914 and structures of a global community and
CURRENT WAVE the micro-structures of global
o Similarities: an increase cross border – personhood.
trade, investment, and migration due to b. extends deep into the core of the self
policy and technical developments and its dispositions, facilitating the
o Difference(s): Today’s globalization is creation of multiple individual and
farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper collective identities nurtured by the
intensifying relations between the
➢ Technology personal and the global. They differ
o A principal driver of globalization from each other by acceleration in the
o Transform economic life speed of social exchanges and
o Information technology provides sorts of widening of geographical scopes
economic factors (consumers, investors,
businesses, analyses of economic trends, easy ➢ HISTORICAL PERIODS OF
transfer of assets, collaboration with far-flung GLOBALIZATIONS
partners, etc.) 1. The Prehistoric Period (10000 BCE – 3500
➢ Globalization – process of integration of BCE)
economies across the world through cross-border - Earliest phase of globalization
flow of factors product and information
- Contacts among hunters and gatherers around the as a result of technology and the
world were geographically limited enormous flow of capital that has
- Due to absence of advanced form of technology, stimulated trade in both sources
globalization was severely limited and goods
2. The Pre-Modern Period (3500 BCE – 1500 CE) ▪ Major players in the current
- Invention of writing and the wheel were great century’s global economic order
social and technological boosts ▪ Huge international corporations
3. The Early Modern Period (1500 – 1750) (General Motors, Walmart,
- -period between the Enlightenment and the Mitsubishi)
Renaissance. In this period, European ▪ International Economic Institutions
Enlightenment project tried to achieve a universal (IMF, World Bank, The World
form of morality and law. This with the emergence Trade Organization)
of European metropolitan centers and unlimited ▪ Trading Systems
material accumulation which led to the capitalist ▪ Major Sources of Economic Growth
world system helped to strengthen globalization. across Countries:
• Property rights
• Regulatory institutions
• Institutions for macro-
economics
• Stabilization
• Institutions for social
influence
• Institutions for conflict
management
o Political Dimension
▪ An enlargement and strengthening
of political interrelations across the
globe.
▪ Political Issues that Surface in this
Dimension
• The principle of state
sovereignty
• Increasing impact of
various intergovernmental
organization
• Future shapes of regional
and global governance
▪ globalization rendered almost
powerless any political efforts to
introduce restrictive policies
4. The Modern Period (1750 – 1970) affecting individual states, with the
- -Innovations in transportation and results that the world in many ways
communication technology, population explosion, turned into a borderless world.
and increase in migration led to more cultural Governments often seek to restrict
exchanges and transformation in traditional social the migration of peoples, especially
patterns. Process of industrialization also those coming from the poor
accelerated. countries in the global South.
▪ development of supra-national
➢ DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION structures and associations held
o Economic Dimension together by common concerns and
▪ extensive development of mutually agreed upon norm, the
economic relations across the globe
 most obvious is political ▪ 8 Principles of Roman Catholic
globalization. Teaching:
o Cultural Dimension 1. Commitment to
▪ -increase in the number of cultural universal human rights
flows across the globe. Cultural 2. Commitment to the
interconnections are at the social nature of the
foundations of contemporary human person
globalization 3. Commitment to the
▪ Individualism and consumerism common good
which are the dominant cultural 4. Solidarity (membership
characteristics of our age circulate in the human family
much more easily than they did in means that all bear
earlier periods. responsibility for one
▪ Cultural diversity often results another)
hybridization - a constructive 5. Preferential option of
interaction process between global the poor
and local characteristics which is 6. Subsidiary (Catholic
often visible in food, music, dance, Church teaches that
film, fashion, and language. As a decisions should be
result, there is a scarcely any society made at the lowest level
in the world that expresses itself in in order to achieve the
its own self-contained and common good)
authentic culture 7. Justice
▪ Media empires generated and 8. Integral Humanism –
directed the extensive flow of concerned with whole
culture. Examples of these are person
Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, and
Disney. Advertisement plays an ▪ 3 Justice Categories:
important role in this cultural flow 1. Commutative Justice - aims
by featuring various celebrities in at fulfilling the terms of
the television aside from contracts and other promises
transforming newscast into on both personal and social
entertainment shows level.
o Religious Dimension 2. Distributive Justice - ensures
▪ Religion - personal or a basic equity in how both the
institutionalized set of attitudes, burden and the goods of
beliefs, and practices relating to or society are distributed and
manifesting faithful devotion to an that ensures that every person
acknowledged ultimate reality or enjoys a basically equal moral
deity. Most important defining and legal standing apart from
element of any civilization as differences in wealth,
contrasted with race, language, or privilege, talent and
way of life. achievements
▪ Jihadist Globalism - religious 3. Social Justice - creation of the
response to the materialist assault conditions in which the first
by the ungodly West in the rest of two categories of justice can
the world. Considered a pure form be realized and the common
of Islam, its disciples seek to good identified and
destroy all those alien influences defended.
that have been imposed on Muslim
people. ▪ According to catholic teaching, a
just society is one which these
 forms of justice are assured because
they are required by human
dignity.
o Ideological Dimensions
a. Ideology – system of widely shared
ideas, beliefs, norms, and values
among a group of people
▪ Often used to legitimize certain
political interests or to defend
dominant power structures

➢ Globalization – social process of intensifying

global interdependence
➢ Globalism – ideology that gives the concept of
neo-liberal values and meanings to globalization

➢ MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL CLAIMS OF

ADVOCATES OF GLOBALISM

1. Globalization is about the

liberalization and global
integration of markets.
2. Globalization is inevitable
and irreversible.
3. Nobody is in charge of
globalization.
4. Globalization benefits
everyone.
5. Globalization furthers the
spread of democracy in the
world.