1. Many parts of rural America ---- to reflect the 5.
Smoking ---- in almost all segments of the
values and traditions of the European immigrants American population, so that, in various polls, 60 to
who ---- in the country during the nineteenth 65% of Americans ---- non-smokers today.
century.
A) declines / may have been
A) continued / have arrived B) has declined / are
B) have continued / would have arrived C) had declined / would be
C) continue / arrived D) could have declined / will be
D) would have continued / were arriving E) declined / were
E) will continue / would arrive
2. With few exceptions, most totalitarian 6. Until recently, some scientists ---- that many
governments ---- more liberal since 1989 when the individuals of the same species ---- specific tasks
Berlin Wall ----.. better than the same number of individuals from
different species.
A) became / falls
B) are becoming / would fall A) will think / are performing
C) were becoming / has fallen B) were thinking / will perform
D) had become / was falling C) think / ought to perform
E) have become / fell D) had thought / would be performing
E) thought / could perform
3. Investigations by modern doctors ---- that 7. Recent excavations in Algeria ---- that Homo
Catherine the Great of Russia ---- from syphilis. erectus ---- there between 500, 000 and 750, 000
years ago.
A) have suggested / has suffered
B) suggest / suffered A) have indicated / resided
C) had suggested / was suffering B) had indicated / has resided
D) may have suggested / would have suffered C) indicated / would reside
E) suggested / suffers D) could have indicated / had been residing
E) indicate / had resided
4. Cosmologists are addressing some of the 8. North Korea still ---- a vast police state that ---- a
fundamental questions that people ---- to resolve network of concentration camps spanning the
over the centuries through philosophical thinking, country.
but they ---- this based on systematic observation
and quantitative methodology. A) was maintaining / has included
B) had maintained / would include
A) would attempt / have done C) is maintaining / had included
B) attempt / will do D) maintains / includes
C) may attempt / did E) maintained / will include
D) attempted / should do
E) have attempted / are doing
9. Tofino, which ---- once a quiet fishing village in 13. The authorities in India ---- that the country’s
Canada, ---- a popular year-round resort now. highly qualified young researchers ---- by
multinational companies as cheap labour.
A) is / is becoming
B) had been / became A) have worried / will have been used
C) has been / had become B) are worrying / were used
D) was / has become C) were worried / have been used
E) would have been / will become D) worry / had been used
E) are worried / are being used
10. The scientific method ---- mankind’s greatest 14. Coal, which at one time ---- vital to the British
means of discovery and progress ever since it was economy, ---- in importance with the gradual
formulated. increase in use of other sources, such as oil and
natural gas.
A) would have been
B) was A) was / has decreased
C) would be B) is / is decreasing
D) had been C) will be / decreases
E) has been D) has been / would decrease
E) had been / would have decreased
11. The nuclear accident that ---- at the Chernobyl 15. Until recently, people ---- that the global system
reactor in April, 1986, ---- to new fears about the for mobile communication network ---- the most
safety of nuclear reactors. secure method of long-distance communication,
but this is not so any longer.
A) has occurred / was to lead
B) would have occurred / led A) had believed / can be
C) occurred / has led B) believe / is
D) could occur / had led C) would have believed / will have been
E) had occurred / may have led D) believed / was
E) will believe / will be
12. Pirates ---- a threat since ancient times; in fact, 16. The latest scientific studies ---- small children
even hundreds of years ago, they ---- in the usually ---- greater taste sensitivity than adults.
Mediterranean Sea in search of valuable cargo.
A) have found / possess
A) would have been / had sailed B) found / had possessed
B) had been / have been sailing C) find / will possess
C) have been / were sailing D) will find / have possessed
D) were / had been sailing E) had found / possessed
E) would be / have been sailing
17. The interviewer ---- during her interview with the 21. For a long time now, biologists ---- that bits of
retired politician that he still ---- the dynamic tissue placed next to each other ----.
presence that had once inspired the entire country.
A) had known / may fuse
A) was realizing / had B) have known / can fuse
B) will realize / would have C) knew / had fused
C) realizes / is having D) would have known / have fused
D) has realized / will have E) know / would have fused
E) realized / had
18. The book ---- a surprisingly interesting account 22. The price of crude oil ---- by 40% this year due to
of the geography of Great Britain and there ---- a Middle the continuing risk of disruption in the East,
need for such a book for a long time now. which ---- for one-third of global production.
A) would give / had been A) surges / accounted
B) had given / was B) had surged / has accounted
C) has given / is C) has surged / accounts
D) gives / has been D) surged / had accounted
E) is giving / was E) will surge / could have accounted
19. Although she ---- properly yet, the recipient of 23. Although constipation usually ---- lifestyle
the world‘s first face transplant ---- well, according habits, in some cases it may be a side effect of
to the first scientific report of the operation. medication or may reflect a medical problem such
as tumours that ---- the passage of waste.
A) hadn‘t smiled / would have done
B) didn‘t smile / will do A) had reflected / obstruct
C) doesn‘t smile / may have done B) has reflected / obstructed
D) couldn‘t have smiled / does C) reflected / had obstructed
E) can‘t smile / is doing D) will reflect / have obstructed
E) reflects / are obstructing
20. Meteorites ---- the best available record of the 24. Indeed, some studies ---- that taking the
chemical and physical processes that ---- during the glycemic effect into account in meal planning ---- a
first million years of our solar system’s history. practical way to improve glucose control.
A) have shown / is
A) provide / occurred B) show / was
B) are providing / have occurred C) had shown / had been
C) had provided / occurred D) showed / will be
D) could provide / would occur E) could show / has been
E) provided / might occur
25. Infertility is a problem that ---- more and more 29. Film music ---- significant in many ways, of
couples than ever before, as people ---- longer to course, but not as music, which is why the
have children. proposition that better composers ---- better film
music is not necessarily true.
A) had affected / could wait
B) was affecting / waited A) had been / shall produce
C) has affected / will wait B) has been / should have produced
D) is affecting / wait C) is / could produce
E) will be affecting / were waiting D) can be / had produced
E) would be / produced
26. When I ---- one book I usually go straight on to 30. Ever since James R. Flynn ---- his startling out
the next but, with this one, I ---- time to think it over. whether people really are getting smarter.
A) finish / would have needed A) has published / had struggled
B) had finished / would need B) published / have struggled
C) have finished / needed C) had published / will struggle
D) will finish / need D) was publishing / had been struggling
E) was finishing / had needed E) publishes / are struggling
27. Some African countries ---- a great variety of 31. Although their responses ---- as obvious as
natural resources like oil and minerals, but they still those of animals, plants ---- the capacity to respond
---- from poverty. to light, gravity, water, touch, and other stimuli.
A) are having / had suffered A) may not be / have
B) have had / suffered B) have not been / had
C) will have / have suffered C) were not / have had
D) had had / are suffering D) had not been / are having
E) have / suffer E) would not be / would have had
28. The wolves that ---- in Ethiopia some 100, 000 32. The United States ---- expensive high-tech
years ago ---- into a separate and rare species. solutions to the problem of land-mine clearance,
but simpler methods ---- more preferable.
A) had arrived / will have evolved
B) arrive / will evolve A) should pursue / were
C) were arriving / had evolved B) pursues / had been
D) have arrived / evolved C) pursued / will have been
E) arrived / have evolved D) would pursue / would have been
E) has pursued / may be
33. When American independence ---- in 1776, two- 37. People in England ---- books about Turkey since
fifths of all settlers ---- of non-English origin. the 15th century, but unfortunately an increase in
quantity ---- by an increase in quality.
A) was declared / were
B) had been declared / would be A) had been writing / does not match
C) has been declared / had been B) are writing / will not be matched
D) would be declared / could be C) had written / are not matching
E) may have been declared / must have been D) have been writing / has not been matched
E) wrote / had not been matched
34. By the early 20th century the local ceramic 38. Although 25 to 30 per cent of all people ---- some
industry of Kütahya ---- more or less to an end, but form of excessive mood disturbance during their
now the city ---- the focus of a revival of this skilled lifetime, only about 10 per cent ---- a disorder severe
art. enough to require medical attention.
A) had come / is A) would experience / have had
B) has come / has been B) experienced / will have had
C) came / was C) had experienced / had had
D) would have come / would be D) will have experienced / would have
E) was coming / will be E) experience / have
35. When Charles ll ---- king in 1660, the theatres, 39. To the astronomers of the Middle Ages, the most
which ---- by Cromwell, were opened again and new important classical authorities on natural
dramatists appeared. philosophy ---- Aristotle and Ptolemy, since both ---
- frameworks that explained the whole universe.
A) would become / had closed
B) had become / have been closed A) had been / created
C) became / had been closed B) are / have created
D) was becoming / will have been closed C) were / had created
E) would have become / could have been closed D) have been / create
E) may have been / were creating
36. To save money, their government ---- back to a 40. Of all the arts it ---- to classical music that
1993 law which ---- the army to recruit part time Germany ---- the greatest contribution.
conscripts as auxiliary soldiers.
A) had been / made
A) reached / was allowing B) is / has made
B) had reached / would allow C) has been / had made
C) would reach / had allowed D) was / will have made
D) has reached / allows E) might be / would have made
E) is reaching / has allowed
41. Germany and Poland ---- pivotal positions in 45. More than 50 years ago, six European nations --
Europe, and the foreign policy challenges each has -- to submit their coal and steel industries to
faced ---- profound and, in some senses, common management, so that no single country----
revolutionary. the weapons of war to be used against another.
A) would have occupied / will be A) have agreed / had fabricated
B) would be occupied / were B) agreed / could fabricate
C) were occupying / had been C) had agreed / have fabricated
D) occupy / have been D) agree / will fabricate
E) have occupied / would have been E) may have agreed / had been fabricating
42. Before he ---- in museums, he ---- law in hopes 46. The Society ---- to assist scientific achievement
of becoming a specialist in the legal aspects of and ---- forward to a century of even greater
antiquities. innovation and exploration.
A) will work / has studied A) will continue / has looked
B) works / would study B) has continued / had looked
C) worked / had studied C) continues / is looking
D) had worked / was studying D) had continued / looks
E) has worked / studied E) would continue / will be looking
43. Although the commercial banks ultimately ---- as 47. Although human beings ---- as a species partly
a link between millions of lenders and borrowers, because of a capacity to share knowledge, teaching
they still ---- with other financial intermediaries to as a profession ---- until relatively recently.
attract their deposits.
A) survived / has not emerged
A) have acted / would have to compete B) survives / has not emerge
B) will act / had to compete C) were surviving / had not emerged
C) would act / have had to compete D) could survive / has not emerge
D) are acting / had to be competing E) have survived / did not emerge
E) act / have to compete
44. In an article published in 1990, scientists of the 48. Recently, some anthropologists ---- that
National Institute of Medical Research ---- more than Australian totemism, because of its taboos against
300 biological theories that ---- to account for killing and eating one's totem, ---- as a conservation
senescence – the progressive and general device, helping people adapt to their natural
deterioration that accompanies aging in humans. environment.
A) were reviewing / attempted
B) have reviewed / should attempt A) had argued / was acting
C) reviewed / had attempted B) could argue / will act
D) would review / have attempted C) have argued / has acted
E) may have reviewed / attempt D) argued / has been acting
E) will argue / will have acted
49. The belief in maternal impressions ---- a 50. Although nuclear power ----, so far, little harm, in
superstition in the early twentieth century, but it is the long run it ---- the most dangerous form of man-
now taken for granted that a fetus ---- by the made pollution.
mother's physical and emotional experiences.
A) did / was
A) was deemed / can be affected B) does / will be
B) was being deeming / may be affected C) was doing / has been
C) has been deemed / could affect D) had done / could be
D) had been deemed / affected E) has done / might be
E) might be deemed / will be affected
SORU CEVAP SORU CEVAP
1 C 41 D
2 E 42 C
3 B 43 E
4 E 44 C
5 B 45 B
6 E 46 C
7 A 47 E
8 D 48 C
9 D 49 A
10 E 50 E
11 C
12 C
13 E
14 A
15 D
16 A
17 E
18 D
19 E
20 A
21 B
22 C
23 E
24 A
25 D
26 C
27 E
28 E
29 C
30 B
31 A
32 E
33 A
34 A
35 C
36 D
37 D
38 E
39 C
40 B
