United Nations S/PV.

9873
Security Council Provisional
Eightieth year

9873rd meeting
Thursday, 6 March 2025, 10 a.m.
New York

President: Ms. Lassen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Denmark)

Members: Algeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Bendjama

China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Fu Cong
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Jaraud-Darnault
Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Sekeris
Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ms. Benn
Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Akram
Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Alfaro de Alba
Republic of Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Hwang
Russian Federation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Nebenzia
Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Kanu
Slovenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Ponikvar
Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Osman
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . . Mr. Kariuki
United States of America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ms. Shea

Agenda
The situation in the Middle East

This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches
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ncerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room AB-0928 ([email protected]).
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The meeting was called to order at 10.05 a.m.

Adoption of the agenda

The agenda was adopted.

The situation in the Middle East

The President: In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of
procedure, I invite the representative of Yemen to participate in this meeting.
In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I
invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Mr. Hans Grundberg,
Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen; Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-
Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator; and
Ms. Nesmah Mansoor Ali, of Peace Track Initiative.
The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda.
I give the floor to Mr. Grundberg.
Mr. Grundberg: May I begin by wishing all Yemenis and Muslims around the
world Ramadan Kareem as they start this period of reflection and coming together
for the holy month.
While Muslims around the world are celebrating the holy month of Ramadan,
unfortunately this celebration will not be complete for the families of many of our
colleagues held in arbitrary detention by Ansar Allah. The absence of their family
members will be deeply felt during a month that should be one of gathering and
connecting with loved ones. Some will even be grieving, as the family of our World
Food Programme colleague Ahmed. Some colleagues’ parents have also passed
away while they have been in detention, without knowing the fate of their children.
I once again call for the immediate and unconditional release of the detainees, and I
am grateful for the Council’s continued support on the issue.
In the now over 10 years of this unresolved conflict, the grinding hardship
that Yemenis are suffering only deepens. Since its onset, per capita gross domestic
product has more than halved. Civil servants in Ansar Allah-controlled areas have
not been regularly paid, on time or in full, since 2018, while those in Government of
Yemen-controlled areas also face some delays to their salary payments. Moreover,
the Yemeni riyal in Government of Yemen-controlled areas has fallen by 50 per cent
in the past year, driving up prices of basic commodities. As a consequence, poverty
has surged across the country.
In past months, I have cautioned repeatedly against escalatory actions. Recently,
we have seen a rise in rhetoric from the parties to the conflict, prepositioning
themselves publicly for military confrontation. We must not allow that to happen.
Words matter. Intent matters. Signals matter. Mixed messaging and escalatory
discourse can have real consequences, deepening mistrust and fuelling tensions at a
time when de-escalation is crucial.
While a resumption of large-scale ground operations in Yemen has not occurred
since the United Nations-mediated truce of April 2022, military activity continues.
I remain concerned by recent reports of shelling, drone attacks, infiltration attempts
and mobilization campaigns, more recently witnessed in Ma’rib as well as in other
areas such as Al-Jawf, Shabwa and Taiz. I therefore also reiterate my call on the
parties to refrain from military posturing and retaliatory measures that could risk
plunging Yemen back into widespread conflict, whereby civilians will again pay
the price.

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As members know by now, my team and I remain undeterred by the challenges

we are faced with. We continue relentlessly our frank and important engagement
with both Yemeni and international stakeholders, actively gathering perspectives
and insights on the path forward amid enormous challenges. Last week, I engaged
with Government of Yemen senior officials and regional actors, urging concerted
support to a Yemeni-led, inclusive peace process. I maintain that, to settle the
conflict in Yemen, one will need to address a set of three particular challenges. The
parties will have to agree on a nationwide ceasefire and a mechanism on how to
implement it. They will also have to make difficult but necessary concessions and
agree on compromises, notably on the difficult economic situation in the country.
Finally, let me be clear here: there will have to be a political process that includes a
broad spectrum of Yemenis that will allow this conflict to be settled once and for all,
enabling Yemenis to live their lives in peace.
While that is possible to achieve, the environment for it to happen must be
conducive. During the past month, we have seen the continued cessation of attacks
by Ansar Allah on vessels in the Red Sea and targets in Israel. That is positive. But
as the Council knows all too well, enabling environments for peace can be fragile
and fleeting. Positive developments must be put on a more permanent footing. The
international community must not waste any opportunity to make progress. And we
must be agile in our approach in supporting Yemeni-led efforts.
The implementation of the United States designation of Ansar Allah as a foreign
terrorist organization is now unfolding. While the full ramifications of that measure
are yet to be determined, I reiterate the importance of protecting our efforts to
advance a peaceful settlement in Yemen. In order to reach a just and inclusive peace
in Yemen, it is essential that the mediation space for the Yemenis under the auspices
of the United Nations be preserved. I remain committed to continuing to carry out
my duties in accordance with the mandate given to the Secretary-General by the
Council, including convening meetings on a number of pressing issues, including for
the exchange of conflict-related detainees.
I see and hear the deep frustration of the Yemeni people, who continue to bear
the heavy burden of a decade of war, and I remain grounded in my conviction that
principled and impartial resolution of conflict is the only way forward. As such, the
elements of the road map continue to represent a viable path. In that regard, I am
deeply grateful to the Council for its unity and support to the United Nations work to
support Yemen at this difficult time.
In two days’ time, we will celebrate International Women’s Day. This month,
and every month, we observe the disproportionate impact of the conflict on
women in Yemen, and we work towards enabling their full, equal and meaningful
participation in the peace process. Recently, a delegation of extraordinary women and
representatives from women-led organizations across Yemen met with my Office.
They shared their powerful stories, perspectives and unwavering advocacy for their
rights. The transformative work they lead — advancing women’s roles, strengthening
their communities and ensuring women’s inclusion in decision-making — is critical.
Those women represent just a few of the many determined Yemeni women
tirelessly working to advance peace. Their efforts reinforce our commitment to
continue working with and supporting local women peacebuilders and human rights
defenders. I therefore also look forward to listening to the statement from Nesmah
Ali Mansoor, from Peace Track Initiative, who will be bringing to our attention
the intersection between the climate crisis, conflict and the deterioration of human
rights in Yemen.
In conclusion, let me be clear: Yemen’s current trajectory is deeply concerning.
We are at a point in time where the fear of a return to full conflict is palpable. No

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matter how the next weeks and months evolve, my Office remains determined to
convene the parties at any opportunity to bring an end to this decade-long conflict.
We owe it to the millions of Yemenis not to waver or falter in our determination
on that.
The President: I thank Mr. Grundberg for his briefing.
I now give the floor to Mr. Fletcher.
Mr. Fletcher: I thank Special Envoy Grundberg for his tireless efforts.
When I previously briefed the Council on Yemen (see S/PV.9858), I shared
details on the gravity of the crisis, and we discussed the growing constraints on our
humanitarian work. Since then, both have gotten worse. And now severe funding
cuts have been a body-blow to our work to save lives. It is of course for individual
countries to decide how to spend their money, but it is the pace at which so much vital
work has been shut down that adds to the perfect storm that we face. I have asked our
Humanitarian Coordinators, in Yemen and elsewhere, to report by the end of next
week on where we will need to cut back most dramatically and the implications of
the tough choices we are making on which lives not to save.
I will not repeat the list of humanitarian numbers in my previous briefing. It is
more incumbent upon the Council to focus on how to use its collective weight to deal
with the causes of those numbers.
My three asks of the Council have not changed: first, please back our effort to
get access to those civilians at greatest risk; secondly, please ensure that we have the
funding to as many lives as we can; and thirdly, a request for the Council’s public and
private pressure to release humanitarians who have been arbitrarily detained while
working to deliver the Council’s instructions.
As Special Envoy Grundberg underlined, we are approaching International
Women’s Day, on 8 March. After decades of progress on women’s rights — too
slow, but still progress — we are now seeing a sustained and deliberate pushback
globally against equality. We must recognize that danger, and we must respond. I
therefore want to focus today on the humanitarian situation faced by women and
girls in Yemen and on the impact of funding cuts on their lives. I am afraid that it is
a grim picture.
The crisis has a disproportionate and devastating impact on women and girls.
They have suffered from systematic discrimination and exclusion for decades. In
2021, Yemen ranked second-to-last in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender
Gap Index. And in 2023, Yemen ranked second-to-last in the Georgetown Institute’s
Women, Peace and Security Index. And there is no sign of progress for them.
I do not know whether the numbers really convey the challenge. But here are
some to think about: 9.6 million women and girls are in severe need of life-saving
humanitarian assistance, facing hunger, violence and a collapsing healthcare system;
1.3 million pregnant women and new mothers are malnourished, putting their own
health at risk and exposing their children to disease and long-term developmental
issues. Yemen’s maternal mortality rate is the highest in the Middle East — more
than 10 times that of Saudi Arabia or Oman. More than 6 million women and girls
face heightened risks of abuse and exploitation; while 1.5 million girls in Yemen
remain out of school, denying them their right to education and preventing them
from breaking the cycles of discrimination and violence facing them. Nearly one
third of all girls in Yemen are married before the age of 18, stripping them of their
childhood, education and future. As funding for Yemen evaporates, the numbers in
my next briefing will be worse.

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But what does that mean for the women and girls who are the humans behind
those numbers? More will die. More will be left with no choice but to adopt
dangerous coping mechanisms — survival sex, begging, coerced prostitution, human
trafficking and selling their children. And yet, despite bearing the greatest burdens
of the war, of displacement and of deprivation, women remain on the front lines of
survival and recovery, raising kids, pushing day to day for a better future, rebuilding
communities and pushing for peace, often with little recognition or support. Those
are acts of quiet heroism, dignity and resilience. And we will do all we can to support
them with the dwindling resources we have.
That includes a doctor in Aden, one of only two women fistula surgeons in
the country and performing 30 surgeries a month, who received United Nations-
funded training to specialize in that critical field. It includes a midwife, the first to
work in Hadramout governorate and whose work, and the work of her colleagues,
has been critical to the decline in maternal mortality. And it includes the widowed
mother in Al-Hudaydah governorate who cares for her three children, one with a
disability and one in need of ongoing medical treatment, and for whom the support
of humanitarian partners is essential to her ability to do so. Those are just three
examples among thousands that I hope resonate through the noise, distraction and
attacks on humanitarian work. I am not here to defend programmes, spreadsheets
and institutions, but people.
I also want to recognize the women and girls who are on the front line of the
humanitarian response. They lead half of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
in our humanitarian country team. And 40 per cent of the Yemen Humanitarian
Fund goes to women-led organizations, the vast majority local NGOs. Those funds
ensured that pregnant and breastfeeding women got safe and dignified healthcare,
that survivors of violence accessed life-saving services and that communal spaces
and sanitation facilities were safe for women to use.
As the humanitarian response in Yemen faces severe funding cuts, those
programmes are all at risk, and along with them vital lifelines for women and girls
across the country. Funding suspensions have already forced 22 safe spaces to close,
denying services and support to more than 11,000 women and girls in high-risk areas.
Survivors of gender-based violence no longer have access to life-saving healthcare,
psychosocial support and legal aid. Child protection programmes have been halted,
leading to even greater risk of child labour, recruitment into armed groups and child
marriage. Those are choices that we make when we cut funding.
On a separate issue, earlier this week, the United States designation of the
Houthis as a foreign terrorist organization was completed. From the United Nations
humanitarian perspective, our job remains the same — to save lives. We need to
continue that work and ensure that civilians in Yemen have access to essential food
and medicine, whether through commercial or humanitarian channels. If that is not
possible, it will have a serious impact on communities already on the precipice of
disaster. Women and children, I am afraid, will again bear the brunt. This is a tough
time to be a humanitarian, but it is much tougher for the people whom we serve. And
right now, it is getting even tougher for the women and girls of Yemen. The decisions
that the Council takes will determine whether it gets worse.
The President: I thank Mr. Fletcher for his briefing.
I now give the floor to Ms. Mansoor Ali.
Ms. Mansoor Ali: I thank Denmark for giving me the opportunity to brief
the Council.
My name is Nesmah Mansoor Ali. I am the Senior Policy and Communications
Officer, representing the Peace Track Initiative and Women Solidarity Network. Our

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work focuses on climate justice, inclusive peacebuilding and protecting women’s

rights in Yemen. Today I will highlight the urgent threats posed by Yemen’s protracted
conflict, climate change and the deterioration in human rights.
Yemen has been ravaged for more than a decade by armed conflict, coupled
with environmental degradation and climate crises. Those realities have weakened
State institutions and led to a collapse in social protection systems, creating
multidimensional insecurities that have left vulnerable populations, in particular
rural and marginalized women, on the brink, struggling for survival. I am a migrant
as a result of conflict and climate change. I was forced to leave my home town,
Aden, and parted from my family in 2020. Life in Aden was — and continues
to be — unbearable, with scorching temperatures, chronic water shortages and
relentless power cuts, which, at the time, were coupled the effects of the coronavirus
disease pandemic. Every day was a struggle to manage the brief two-hour window
of electricity, entailing deciding whether to run the pump to fill the water tanks,
do laundry, charge our devices or at least snatch a few moments of sleep under the
relief of air conditioning. Leaving Aden was a necessity for survival and a painful
testament of how conflict and climate change can uproot lives and tear families apart.
The war has devastated Yemen’s environment and ecosystem. Attacks on oil
refineries and ports, the indiscriminate laying of landmines on agricultural land and
in coastal areas, oil and toxin spills and the destruction of critical infrastructure,
such as power stations and water systems, have left Yemen in ruins. I will never
forget the towering plume of smoke that covered the city when the Houthis attacked
Aden’s refinery in 2015. A dark cloud choked the air and left the city in despair.
That scenario was repeated as Israel attacked more than two dozen oil storage
tanks last year in Al-Hudaydah port. Marine systems are being destroyed. Oil
spills, unregulated fishing and untreated sewage water have polluted the coastal
waters, destroyed fish populations and endangered public health. Landmines are
making it dangerous to grow food and to access water, worsening food insecurity.
Climate change is deepening the crisis in Yemen. Floods are displacing landmines
and complicating demining efforts. They are exacerbating the pre-war intertribal
conflicts over resources, which claim almost 4,000 lives annually.
Women, especially those who lead households, are being disproportionately
affected by climate change. A survey by our partners at South24 found that 88 per
cent of women in Aden, Hadhramaut and Al-Mahrah have reported that climate
change is damaging their income-generation activities, such as salt extraction,
fish drying and handicrafts. In addition, cultural norms further hinder women’s
resilience, as they are often discouraged from learning to swim and left vulnerable
during floods and cyclones.
In consulting women across Yemen, I heard heartbreaking stories of how the
intersection between climate change and armed conflict is upending their lives.
Aisha, a fisherwoman from Aden, said: “The fish are vanishing. We are forced to
venture into the dangerous water just to survive.” Aisha’s words show the desperation
of coastal communities as pollution, overfishing and climate change deplete their
livelihoods. Fatima, a woman from Al-Mahrah, shared how she survived Cyclone Tej
in 2023, which destroyed her family’s agricultural land — its only source of income.
Meanwhile, Sumya, a young entrepreneur and a friend of mine, had to abandon her
dream of opening a chocolate business because of rising temperatures, increasing
costs of raw materials and endless power cuts.
Women’s stories of determination amid vanishing fish, ruined crops and
deferred dreams highlight their unwavering strength as they confront the harsh
realities of climate change. As we approach International Women’s Day and mark
the anniversary of the Beijing Platform for Action, it is imperative that we prioritize
the impact of climate change and conflict on achieving gender equality.

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In conclusion, I call on the Security Council to act decisively before challenges

push an already suffering population past the point of no return and to take into
consideration the following recommendations.
First, climate-responsive peacebuilding must be prioritized by integrating climate
change into peace negotiations, ensuring that climate adaptation and environmental
restoration are central to any peace agreement and political settlement in Yemen.
Secondly, the Council must demand that the Sanctions Committee established
pursuant to resolution 2140 (2014) investigate environmental destruction, including
attacks on critical infrastructure such as oil refineries, ports and water systems, as a
potential war crime, and for accountability for environmental destruction.
Thirdly, it is necessary to ensure the full inclusion of women in all peace and
political processes and support and fund local peace initiatives, including those that
address intertribal conflicts over water and land.
Fourthly, environmental rehabilitation must be promoted by supporting
programmes aimed at cleaning up oil and toxin spills, removing landmines from
agricultural and coastal areas and restoring damaged ecosystems, in particular in
fishing zones and farming communities.
Fifthly, the enforcement of environmental regulations must be supported by
working with national and local teams and international partners to strengthen
environmental governance and regulate private sector activities that contribute to
pollution and resource depletion.
Lastly, targeted support must be provided for women-led households, by expanding
social protection programmes, such as cash transfers and livelihood support.
The President: I thank Ms. Mansoor Ali for her briefing.
I shall now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to
make statements.
Mr. Kariuki (United Kingdom): I thank Special Envoy Grundberg, Under-
Secretary-General Fletcher and Ms. Mansoor Ali for briefing us today. In particular,
I want to fully endorse the attention they have brought to the plight of women and
girls in Yemen’s crisis. I also welcome the participation of the representative of
Yemen in our meeting.
I will make three additional points.
First, the United Kingdom welcomes the Security Council’s strong and united
condemnation last month (see SC/15995) of the ongoing detentions by the Houthis
and the tragic death of a World Food Programme member of staff in Houthi captivity.
Continued Council unity sends a clear and unequivocal message to the Houthis that
they must unconditionally and immediately release those detained. We fully support
the decision taken by the United Nations to pause humanitarian operations in Saada.
The pause is a direct consequence of the Houthi threat undermining the security and
safety of aid workers. Ms. Mansoor Ali and this morning’s press stake-out have again
highlighted how the already dire humanitarian situation is exacerbated by climate
change, intensifying existing threats, such as water and food insecurity.
Secondly, the Yemeni Coast Guard’s announcement of its interdiction of a dhow
containing advanced weapon components, reportedly destined for Al-Hudaydah
port, is more evidence of a clear violation of the arms embargo set out in resolution
2216 (2015). We reiterate our call for all Member States to ensure full compliance
with the arms embargo. In particular, we call for the Iranian Government to cease its
destabilizing activity in the region. The United Nations Verification and Inspection
Mechanism (UNVIM) remains critical to preventing the smuggling of illicit arms.

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The United Kingdom calls on the international community to give unwavering support
to UNVIM and to ensure that it has the funding necessary to fulfil its obligations.
We also continue to support the Yemeni Coast Guard as it looks to strengthen its
capacity to protect maritime borders. In partnership with the Government of Yemen
and international partners, we look forward to the launch of the Yemen maritime
security partnership later this year.
Finally, the United Kingdom remains committed to achieving lasting peace in
Yemen and the broader region. Ultimately, long-term stability and security in Yemen
can be achieved only through a United Nations-led inclusive political settlement. We
will continue to give our full support to Special Envoy Grundberg in that effort.
Ms. Shea (United States of America): We wish you success, Madam President,
in your tenure as President of the Council this month. I thank Special Envoy Hans
Grundberg, Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher and Ms. Nesmah Mansoor
Ali, of Peace Track Initiative. I thank them for their briefings and in particular for
underscoring the continued Houthi threats to international peace and security and
how the Houthis’ creation of an untenable environment for continued aid provision
in areas under Houthi control directly led the United Nations to pause all activities
in Yemen’s Saada governorate.
The Security Council spoke with one voice last month by issuing a press statement
(see SC/15995) condemning the tragic death of a World Food Programme employee
in Houthi captivity and demanding the immediate release of all those — including
United Nations, non-governmental organizations and diplomatic staff — unjustly
detained by the Houthis.
In line with President Trump’s executive order on redesignating the Houthis as a
foreign terrorist organization, the United States is taking concrete steps to eliminate
the Houthis’ capabilities and has designated the Houthis as a foreign terrorist
organization, which was announced this week. The United States is also using targeted
sanctions to deprive the Houthis of illicit revenues. Our sanctions seek to preserve
space for legitimate activities that support Yemenis living in Houthi-controlled
territory, who bear no responsibility for the Houthis’ malign actions. We will also
take steps to stop Iran’s support for Houthi terrorism, in accordance with President
Trump’s National Security Presidential Memorandum, which reimposes maximum
pressure on Iran. We will take action against the Houthis should they resume their
reckless attacks in the Red Sea and surrounding waterways and on Israel.
Every Member State has a responsibility to abide by its obligations under
the resolutions adopted by the Council, including concerning the prohibition on
providing arms or related materiel, training or financial assistance to the Houthis. As
a Council, we must respond to Iran’s flagrant violations of our resolutions through its
continued arming of the Houthis. We reiterate our call for the Council to take steps
to strengthen the United Nations Verification and Inspection Mechanism (UNVIM)
and for Member States to do their part by increasing funding for UNVIM’s long-
term planning, recruitment of staff and critical infrastructure needs for enhanced
capacity to inspect 100 per cent of covered containers.
The Houthis continue to attempt to hold the Bab Al-Mandab Strait and global
commerce hostage. The Houthis have shown little willingness or ability to distinguish
among their targets, and their claims that their attacks have any legitimate basis
should never be accepted. We have also already seen Hamas — another Iran-enabled
terrorist group — advise the Houthis to keep their hand on the trigger for renewed
attacks on regional States and international commerce.
Member States must stop making excuses for the Houthis and cease propagating
a false moral equivalence on regional issues. Houthi actions have done nothing
for the Palestinian people. They have only endangered the lives of the innocent,

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and they have brought more suffering to Yemenis. The Houthis’ obstruction of aid
exacerbated the spread of cholera last year, and the so-called Houthi authorities
continue to routinely harass civilians and shake down small business owners. Now
they are forcing Yemeni money exchangers to buy shares in a Houthi-controlled
network for transfers, imposing their mafia-like control on the Yemeni private sector.
The Yemeni people continue to suffer from that economic repression and Houthi
round-ups. Unlawful detentions and sham trials are an affront to the international
community. The Houthis have had many opportunities to de-escalate and set free the
detainees — they have refused them all.
In recent meetings, many Council members expressed particular concern about
the Houthis’ sham so-called judicial proceedings involving a significant number
of detainees. We categorically reject the unlawful process and strongly warn of
any potential use of it as cover for politically motivated killings. We are closely
monitoring those sham proceedings, especially if they move to the stage of handing
out purported sentences in the Houthis’ so-called State security court. If the Houthis
do that, all donors must stand ready to respond with further concrete steps to reduce
the exposure of their field staff and programmes to Houthi abuses. To reiterate, the
United States will continue to oppose the destabilizing actions of the Houthis and
will not abide by any attacks on our interests.
Mr. Nebenzia (Russian Federation) (spoke in Russian): We congratulate
Denmark on assuming the presidency of the Security Council, and we wish you every
success, Madam President. We would like to thank our Chinese friends for their
excellent presidency in the month of February. We also thank Special Envoy Hans
Grundberg and Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher for
their briefings. We listened very closely to Ms. Mansoor Ali.
The situation in Yemen remains challenging. The recent increase in armed clashes
along the line of contact could upset the balance of forces and eventually spiral
into uncontrolled escalation, which could be fraught with a full-scale resumption
of hostilities. We do not rule out that such a trend could result, inter alia, from the
accumulated fatigue of the warring parties caused by the stalled Yemeni settlement
process. In addition, there is further deterioration in the socioeconomic sphere in the
country, which is compounded by power cuts, inflation and rising prices for basic
necessities. The humanitarian situation is deteriorating rapidly, and food security
is increasingly under threat. As usual, that turmoil hits hardest the most vulnerable
segments of society — women and children. Despite the efforts undertaken by the
official Yemeni authorities, they have so far been unable to significantly improve
the situation. The waters near Yemen have been largely peaceful so far. The Ansar
Allah movement, as promised by its leadership, is currently refraining from striking
commercial vessels passing through the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. However, it
would be a mistake to speak of final stabilization there. The situation in the Middle
East is highly explosive, which gives little scope for optimism. Given the fact that the
fragile ceasefire in the Gaza Strip has not yet moved to the second stage, which would
provide for a permanent cessation of hostilities, there are serious risks regarding the
situation in the Red Sea.
In the current conditions, Yemen still has a chance to overcome its internal
differences and embark on the path to sustainable peace. International mediators,
represented by the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy, must now make every effort
to promptly resume the negotiating process on the road map for a Yemeni settlement,
finalizing the agreements contained therein and launching a full-fledged political
process. Success in that area can be achieved only through dialogue and with due
regard for the legitimate interests of all the major political forces in the country,
including Ansar Allah. In the absence of visible prospects for overcoming the crisis,
backsliding into civil war could become inevitable. For our part, we reiterate our

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full support for the relevant efforts made by Special Envoy Grundberg. We will
continue to help him as much as we can through our regular contacts with all Yemeni
protagonists and key regional actors. We would also like to recall that there is a need
to eventually update the legal basis for the settlement so that it realistically reflects
the current situation on the ground.
Unfortunately, our approach is not shared by everyone. Instead of pushing the
Yemeni sides towards compromise, some countries are still guided by the mindset
of maximum pressure, which has long since proved ineffective in Yemeni realities.
We were disappointed to learn that the decision by the United States Administration
to designate Ansar Allah as a terrorist organization came into effect two days
ago. We warned our American colleagues that openly antagonizing one of the key
parties to the Yemeni conflict would lead to no good. A similar move undertaken
by Washington in 2021 only exacerbated the confrontation and made the search for
a peaceful settlement in Yemen even more difficult. It is also rather easy to predict
how that move will affect humanitarian assistance in the country. Humanitarians
are already voicing their concerns, saying that it will narrow their possibilities for
humanitarian action and create logistical and financial problems for humanitarian
operations. In the interests of all Yemeni people, we once again call on the White
House to reconsider its decision.
The difficulties for humanitarians in Yemen unfortunately do not end there.
The United Nations was compelled to halt its humanitarian operations in Saada
governorate following the mass detentions of United Nations local staff by the
Houthis at the end of January, and that forced suspension is still in effect. Many
United Nations and humanitarian workers detained earlier also remain in detention.
We note the tireless efforts by the United Nations leadership to release them. Last
month, the members of the Security Council agreed on a statement that conveyed
a very strong message in support of those efforts (see SC/15995). For our part, we
are also working on that, and we hope that the situation will be resolved in the
near future.
In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that ensuring a political settlement in
Yemen could become an important contribution to de-escalation in the entire region.
Against that backdrop, we believe that there is a need for joint work to find mutually
acceptable solutions aimed at reducing tension and settling crises by political and
diplomatic means on the basis of international law. Russia’s collective security
concept for the Persian Gulf remains relevant in that regard. It envisages incremental
steps towards unblocking conflict situations, developing confidence-building and
verification measures and ultimately shaping integral architecture of collective
security and cooperation, which could subsequently be applied to all countries in
the Middle East.
Mr. Kanu (Sierra Leone): I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf
of the three African members of the Security Council, namely, Algeria, Somalia and
my own country, Sierra Leone, plus Guyana (A3+).
We thank the briefers — Mr. Hans Grundberg, Special Envoy of the Secretary-
General for Yemen; Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian
Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator; and Ms. Nesmah Mansoor Ali — for
their insightful and comprehensive briefings. We also welcome the participation of
the representative of Yemen in today’s meeting.
At the outset, the A3+ reiterates and fully supports the Secretary-General’s call
for the immediate and unconditional release of all United Nations humanitarian
personnel, diplomatic staff and civil society actors currently detained by the Houthis.
The arbitrary arrests and illegal detentions of those individuals represent serious
violations of international humanitarian law. We are also deeply concerned about the

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ongoing targeting of civilians and civilian infrastructure and the continued erosion
of civic space in Yemen. As the Council remains committed to a Yemeni-owned
and Yemeni-led political process that will ultimately bring lasting peace to Yemen,
we emphasize the need to preserve the hard-won gains to date and underscore the
importance of sustained mediation efforts under the auspices of the United Nations.
In that regard, we would like to highlight the following points.
First, in the light of Yemen’s multifaceted political, security and humanitarian
challenges, we stress the importance of a balanced and inclusive process that ensures
the safe and meaningful participation of all Yemenis in building the foundation for
lasting peace. The A3+ fully supports the concerted efforts of the United Nations
and regional actors, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of
Oman, in facilitating dialogue among national actors towards a political settlement,
based on agreed references. We commend the efforts of the Special Envoy in
facilitating the de-escalation of tensions and conflict. In that regard, we urge the full
implementation of the recommendations from the recent third Yemen International
Forum as part of ongoing community- and national-level engagement.
Secondly, the A3+ is profoundly concerned about the worsening levels of food
insecurity in Yemen, exacerbated by the ongoing hostilities, economic decline and
climate-related events. The humanitarian situation remains dire, as communities
continue to suffer from the widespread damage and displacement caused by
recent floods, including the catastrophic 2024 floods that destroyed homes, farms
and livelihoods. The A3+ calls for increased support for the 2025 humanitarian
response plan, which aims to provide life-saving assistance to 19.5 million people,
in particular women, girls and children, who have been disproportionately affected
by the conflict. Despite shrinking aid budgets, we recognize the tireless efforts
of humanitarian organizations and their personnel to meet the urgent needs of the
Yemeni people. We echo the call from Under-Secretary-General Fletcher, the Office
for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the World Food Programme and
other agencies in urging States with influence and means to support those efforts,
including finding innovative solutions to mitigate the risks faced by humanitarian
workers owing to targeted attacks.
Thirdly, the risk of military escalation within Yemen is growing, threatening
to undermine the peace process and exacerbate the suffering of the Yemeni people.
Stability in the Middle East is at a critical juncture, particularly with the ongoing
negotiations to maintain the ceasefire in Gaza and the peace process in Syria, both
of which are at critical transition points.
We note that, in its two most recent monthly reports, the International Maritime
Organization indicated that no new incidents had occurred since the previous
report covering the period through 7 February. We hope that that positive trend
will continue, ultimately leading to a permanent cessation of attacks on merchant
and commercial vessels in the Red Sea. The Council must remain resolute in its
support for an inclusive political process to address Yemen’s political and security
challenges. Lasting peace and stability are essential for establishing the necessary
national governance systems and for restarting oil and gas production and exports to
revitalize the Yemeni economy.
In conclusion, the A3+ remains committed to supporting the Special Envoy’s
diplomatic efforts in facilitating a Yemeni-led, Yemeni-owned political process,
under the auspices of the United Nations, to ultimately bring lasting peace to Yemen.
Mrs. Jaraud-Darnault (France) (spoke in French): I would like to thank
Mr. Hans Grundberg, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General; Mr. Tom Fletcher,
Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Tom Fletcher; and Ms. Nesmah

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Mansoor Ali for their briefings. I also welcome the presence of the Permanent
Representative of Yemen in the Chamber.
The Security Council has denounced with one voice the systematic Houthi
violations of international humanitarian law, the most recent of which was the death
last month of a World Food Programme aid worker detained in inhuman conditions.
France reiterates its strongest condemnation of the arbitrary detention by the
Houthis of dozens of local and international United Nations and humanitarian
personnel, members of Yemeni civil society and diplomatic missions. It calls for their
immediate and unconditional release. We urge the Houthis to guarantee safe and
unhindered humanitarian access to all areas and populations under their control and
to put an end to all threats and disinformation campaigns against humanitarian actors.
France commends the unfailing commitment of the United Nations and
humanitarian agencies that remain present on the ground. It calls on the Houthis
to create the conditions necessary for the resumption of United Nations activities
in the Sa’ada governorate. Through their actions, the Houthis are undermining the
distribution of the aid needed by the Yemeni population and contributing to the
worsening of the humanitarian crisis in the country. On the eve of International
Women’s Day, France reiterates its commitment in this area and stresses that conflicts
and humanitarian crises disproportionately affect women, particularly in Yemen.
Together with the Special Envoy’s teams, France organized a workshop on the women
and peace and security agenda, on the sidelines of the Artificial Intelligence Action
Summit, held in Paris in early February, to discuss the challenges and opportunities
posed by digital technologies.
France denounces the provocative statements made by the Houthis concerning
their attacks in the Red Sea, which must cease. We renew our commitment, within
the framework of the European Union’s defensive security and defence policy
operation — the European Union Naval Force Operation Aspides— in order to
protect maritime safety and freedom of navigation, in accordance with international
law and in liaison with our partners.
As the Special Envoy said, only a political solution can put an end to the conflict.
France reiterates its full support of the Special Envoy in his efforts to bring about the
necessary resumption of the peace process. France also reaffirms its commitment
to the stability of Yemen and to regional security. It reiterates the need to avoid any
further escalation in the region and calls on Iran to cease its support for destabilizing
actions in the Middle East.
Mr. Akram (Pakistan): It is good to see Denmark leading the Council. Pakistan
thanks Mr. Hans Grundberg, Special Envoy of the Secretary-General; and Mr. Tom
Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs; for their informative
and comprehensive briefings. We also welcome the remarks by Ms. Nesmah Mansoor
Ali, of Peace Track Initiative, and welcome the participation of the Permanent
Representative of Yemen in this meeting.
Yemen continues to face a deepening crisis, with severe humanitarian, political,
economic and environmental dimensions. The risk of renewed military escalation
threatens to worsen human suffering and undermine efforts for peace. Political
divisions persist, and economic collapse and environmental degradation continue
to take a devastating toll on the civilian population. It is imperative to reinvigorate
political dialogue and take decisive steps to address these underlying challenges
while laying the foundation for a sustainable resolution of the crisis in Yemen.
In that regard, I would like to make four points.
First, Pakistan emphasizes the critical role of dialogue in achieving lasting peace
in Yemen. We reaffirm our full support for the United Nations-led peace process

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and stress the need for an inclusive, comprehensive and sustainable resolution of the
conflict. Regional initiatives, particularly those led by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
and the Sultanate of Oman, remain critical in advancing those negotiations. The road
map outlined in December 2023 provides a viable framework for peace. We urge all
parties to honour their commitments and fully implement the agreements reached.
Secondly, Yemen faces a multidimensional crisis. The humanitarian situation
in Yemen is tragic. As we observe the holy month of Ramadan, millions in Yemen
continue to endure extreme hardship — 19.5 million require urgent humanitarian
assistance, including 9.6 million women. In addition, 4.5 million are internally
displaced, and 12 million children lack access to basic necessities, such as food,
water, shelter and healthcare.
Given the situation, we deeply regret the sudden cut-off of funding for
humanitarian operations in Yemen. That gap must be filled by the international
community and donor countries, and we hope that all will step up their contributions
to the 2025 humanitarian response plan for Yemen, as urged by Mr. Tom Fletcher in
today’s meeting.
Thirdly, we strongly condemn the arbitrary detention of United Nations
personnel, staff of international and national non-governmental organizations and
members of diplomatic missions by Ansar Allah, that is, the Houthis. That action
not only obstructs humanitarian efforts, but it also constitutes a blatant violation
of international humanitarian law. The safety and security of United Nations
personnel and humanitarian workers must be guaranteed. We call for the immediate
and unconditional release of all detained individuals. That will also ensure the
uninterrupted flow of humanitarian assistance to those in need.
Fourthly, Pakistan denounces the Houthi attacks on international shipping. We
take note that there have been no new attacks on commercial shipping since the onset
of the ceasefire in Gaza. While we unequivocally condemn any such attacks, it is
crucial to recognize that the absence of these attacks coincides with the maintenance
of the ceasefire in Gaza. That underscores the urgent need to fully implement and
preserve the Gaza ceasefire agreement in all of its phases. A permanent ceasefire
will not only serve the cause of peace in Palestine and with Israel, but also contribute
to regional stability, including in Yemen.
Pakistan remains firmly committed to supporting a Yemeni-led and -owned
political process facilitated by the United Nations and the Special Envoy. We stand in
solidarity with the people of Yemen in their pursuit of peace, security and prosperity.
The international community must act with urgency in order to prevent the further
deterioration of the crisis and to pave the way for a future of stability and hope
for Yemen.
Mr. Fu Cong (China) (spoke in Chinese): I congratulate you, Madam, on
assuming the presidency of the Security Council for this month. I thank Special
Envoy Hans Grundberg and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings.
I listened carefully to the statement delivered by the civil society representative. I
welcome the presence of the Permanent Representative of Yemen at today’s meeting.
Since mid-January, following the ceasefire in Gaza, the situation in the Red
Sea has shown signs of easing. China calls on all parties concerned to continue
to exercise restraint, work for further de-escalation of the situation and seize the
opportunity to redouble efforts towards a political settlement in Yemen. A political
solution is the fundamental way to resolve the Yemeni issue. All parties in Yemen
should demonstrate a willingness to work towards the same goals and must uphold
the Yemeni-led and-owned principle in the pursuit of a comprehensive solution.
China commends the active mediation efforts by Special Envoy Grundberg. The
top priority right now is to rebuild trust among parties and create conditions for the

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resumption of dialogue and communication. All relevant parties in the international

community should play a constructive role in that regard and avoid any action that
may aggravate confrontation and escalate the situation.
The economic and humanitarian situation in Yemen is worrisome. The
international community should continue to lend a helping hand and increase,
instead of decrease, the provision of humanitarian assistance, as well as prioritize
food security. China is concerned about the continued detention of United Nations
personnel and urges the Houthis to immediately release all detained United Nations
personnel. We call on all parties in Yemen to respect and fulfil their obligations
under international humanitarian law, facilitate humanitarian operations and ensure
safe and unhindered humanitarian access, as well as the safety and security of
humanitarian workers.
The Yemeni issue and the situation in the Red Sea are closely linked to the
regional context. There are enormous challenges to the maintenance of the ceasefire
in Gaza and to the realization of the transitions of the three phases of the ceasefire.
China supports the efforts of Egypt and other Arab countries to promote the ongoing
and effective implementation of the ceasefire agreement, advance humanitarian relief
and restore security and stability in Gaza. We call on the international community
to make concerted efforts to resolve the question of Palestine, restore peace and
stability in Yemen and the Red Sea and achieve long-term peace and stability in
the region.
Mr. Ponikvar (Slovenia): We too express our appreciation to Special Envoy
Grundberg, Under-Secretary-General Fletcher and Ms. Mansoor Ali for their briefings
today. We also welcome the Permanent Representative of Yemen to this meeting and
wish Yemenis and all those who celebrate around the world a blessed Ramadan.
The path to peace in Yemen has never been easy. That remains the case today. The
path is paved with challenges, is vulnerable to regional dynamics and deteriorates
when parties fail to put the Yemeni people first. Those challenges are mounting.
Soaring needs and a shrinking humanitarian space have left humanitarian workers
in fear for their safety, limiting their life-saving work.
Last month, the Council unanimously condemned the death in custody of one
World Food Programme worker and called for the immediate and unconditional
release of all those detained by the Houthis (see SC/15995). Slovenia repeats that
call today.
We also fear that uncertainty around moves to introduce terrorist designations
in the Yemeni context, regardless of merit, could have unintended consequences and
further compound humanitarian needs. We sincerely hope that this can be avoided.
As illustrated powerfully today by Ms. Mansoor Ali, Yemen is one of the world’s
most climate-vulnerable countries, ravaged by droughts and flooding. Moreover, it is
a clear example of how the effects of climate change and conflict together exacerbate
food and water insecurity.
Slovenia, as a founding member of the Global Alliance to Spare Water from
Armed Conflicts, calls for the protection and development of water resources and
water infrastructure in Yemen. We strongly believe that water issues can actually be
an entry point for grass-roots dialogue and mutual understanding between parties,
as well as for empowering women.
We cannot discuss Yemen’s challenges without touching on the economy. We
remain deeply concerned about the deteriorating currency and soaring costs. Recent
blackouts in Aden and resulting protests demonstrate that Yemenis yearn for a stable
economy and a functioning Government. We welcomed the deal struck in July on
issues relating to the banking sector. We urge the parties to recommit to economic

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de-escalation and to build upon that agreement. We also stress the importance of
unity and coordination within the Presidential Leadership Council.
From a security perspective, Slovenia calls for strict compliance with the United
Nations arms embargo, as well as for full freedom of navigation in the Red Sea.
Persisting hostilities along the front lines continue to threaten the lives, safety
and security of civilians. All parties must de-escalate and adhere to international
humanitarian law. The fragile calm in the entire region must prevail.
We thank Special Envoy Grundberg and Under-Secretary-General Fletcher for
the important emphasis they placed today on Yemeni women. It is worth repeating
that, when it comes to the challenges facing Yemen, women and girls often bear
the brunt, although they are the least responsible for this war. Slovenia reiterates
its commitment to the women and peace and security agenda and to the protection
and promotion of human rights for all in Yemen. That will be possible only through
accountability and with independent and impartial human rights monitoring across
the country. That, in turn, should enable Yemen’s vibrant civil society and private
sector to help lay the foundations for the future of Yemen.
The path to peace in Yemen has never been easy. But we do hold on to hope in
the Special Envoy’s conviction that a sustainable resolution to this conflict remains
possible. By addressing root causes and through political will and courageous
leadership from the parties, peace should be achievable. We reiterate our full support
to the whole United Nations system in that effort. A return to all-out war must be
avoided at all costs.
Mr. Alfaro de Alba (Panama) (spoke in Spanish): Panama thanks the President
of the Council for convening this meeting and assures her of our support for her
mandate and its success. We also thank Mr. Hans Grundberg, Special Envoy of
the Secretary-General for Yemen, and Mr. Tom Fletcher, Under-Secretary-General
for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, for their valuable
contributions. We also recognize the valuable input of Ms. Nesmah Mansoor Ali
and the representative of Yemen in today’s meeting, and we warmly welcome
their participation.
We are concerned about the lack of progress since the most recent meeting on
that issue (see S/PV.9858), in connection with the illegal and unjustified detention
by the Houthis of the 23 United Nations workers. We therefore reiterate with equal
urgency what was previously stated with regard to the need for the immediate and
unconditional release of all personnel of the United Nations, non-governmental
organizations and diplomatic corps and for strict compliance with the fundamental
human rights of all humanitarian workers, who play a crucial role in promoting
peace, stability and development.
The internal conflict in Yemen has triggered a devastating humanitarian
crisis, considered one of the most severe in the world. Economic collapse, climate
disasters and regional escalation have exacerbated assistance needs and increased
protection risks. The Global Humanitarian Overview 2025 reports that Yemen is
the third country most vulnerable to climate change, with its semi-arid climate and
extreme events such as droughts and floods, which exacerbate its vulnerabilities.
Environmental degradation, humanitarian crisis and protracted conflict increase
food insecurity, water scarcity and population displacement. In that context, it is
crucial to integrate environmental mitigation into peacebuilding initiatives to reduce
risks, bolster stability and promote community resilience.
Panama recognizes the nexus between climate, peace and security and
understands that they are interrelated factors that directly impact the well-being of
nations. In that regard, we advocate a holistic approach that combines sustainable

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development, resilience and the reduction of vulnerabilities as fundamental

foundations for achieving lasting peace.
In addition, Yemen remains severely contaminated by landmines, sea mines,
improvised explosive devices and other explosive remnants of war, the consequences
of which have an impact on both the people and the environment. We support the
work of United Nations entities in their efforts to eliminate the risks associated with
those devices, protect civilians and humanitarian workers and make progress on the
demining of the region.
Furthermore, the suffering of Yemeni women, as a result of limited humanitarian
access and limited access to health services, as well as prejudice and youth marriage,
must not go unnoticed. What we have heard from Tom Fletcher in his dramatic briefing
is a scandal, and the suspensions of funds for humanitarian aid is another scandal.
At this critical juncture, it is essential that the Council take decisive action to
ensure unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance to those who need it most.
It is our responsibility to ensure that the resources, support and assistance arrive
effectively and without delays or reductions, always prioritizing the well-being of the
Yemeni people. Strengthening international financing and cooperation is critical to
achieve a more secure Yemen and facilitate the sustainable rebuilding of the country.
Mr. Sekeris (Greece): I would like to start by thanking Special Envoy Hans
Grundberg and Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher for their informative briefings.
I would also like to welcome the presence here today of Ms. Ali, representative of
the civil society of Yemen, as well as the Permanent Representative of Yemen, and
to wish all who celebrate today Ramadan Mubarak.
The situation on the ground remains fragile and the risk of military escalation has
not eclipsed, while the efforts to agree on a new national ceasefire have not succeeded.
At the same time, the humanitarian situation remains dire, and many members of
humanitarian agencies remain under custody and face unjustified charges.
We call on the Houthis to immediately release all diplomatic staff, United
Nations and non-governmental organization personnel and humanitarian workers
who are arbitrarily under detention and to hold accountable all those responsible for
the recent death of a member of the World Food Programme under Houthi custody.
I would like to briefly highlight three points.
First, Greece unequivocally supports the work of the Special Envoy, Hans
Grundberg, and his tireless efforts to reinvigorate the dialogue between the parties,
with the aim of achieving a new national ceasefire. That will create fertile terrain
for negotiating a Yemeni-led, Yemeni-owned political process that will end the long-
standing instability and uncertainty in the country and ensure the conditions for
economic prosperity and welfare for the Yemeni people.
Secondly, as a historic seafaring nation, Greece firmly supports the freedom of
navigation and the full applicability of the international law of the sea, as reflected
in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Moreover, my country
remains committed to safeguarding maritime security in the region of the Red Sea
and will continue to do its part in order to protect one of the world’s most important
maritime routes. That is why Greece participates in the European Union’s Operation
Aspides in the Red Sea and will continue to provide valuable support to that mission.
Thirdly, we would like to echo calls to all parties to refrain from any escalatory
action that could pose risks for environmental disasters especially in the Red Sea. The
cases of the FSO SAFER and the Greek-flagged MV Sounion clearly demonstrated
how serious the potential environmental and humanitarian consequences of the

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conflict can be. We are thankful to all those that contributed to the prevention of a
grave environmental disaster in both cases.
In addition, we fully support all initiatives by the international community to
manage the effects of adverse climate conditions and their impact on accessible
resources, especially in war-torn countries such as Yemen.
We also remain deeply concerned about the deteriorating situation of women
and girls in the country, commend their resilience and courage, and will support all
efforts to alleviate their suffering and safeguard their rights.
In conclusion, the Council and the countries of the region must send a clear
message of unity and commitment to the need for de-escalation and dialogue
between the opposing sides of the Yemeni conflict and especially the Houthis. We
also call for unity within the Presidential Leadership Council. At the same time,
the Council and all relevant actors of the international community must do their
utmost to support the Presidential Leadership Council and the legitimate, recognized
Government of Yemen in its colossal task to support Yemeni society and strengthen
public institutions amid a complex economic situation.
Mr. Hwang (Republic of Korea): At the outset, I join my colleagues in
congratulating Denmark on assuming the presidency of the Council in March. My
gratitude also goes to today’s insightful briefers, and I welcome the participation of
representative of Yemen in today’s briefing.
Today I would like to make the following points.
First, we demand that the Houthis permanently cease all hostile activities,
including those against merchant vessels, which jeopardize maritime security and
free navigation in the region. While we welcome the pause in attacks in the Red Sea
and on Israel, the Houthis have also repeatedly declared their readiness to resume such
attacks if the ceasefire and hostage deal in Gaza breaks down. That is unacceptable.
A recent report reveals a 50 per cent decline in Red Sea shipping traffic since 2023,
disrupting vital global trade routes and a critical lifeline for humanitarian assistance
in Yemen, as well as compounding Yemen’s economic hardships.
Secondly, we reiterate our call for the release of all detainees, including United
Nations, non-governmental organization (NGO), civil society and diplomatic
personnel, without delay. Despite the Security Council’s press statement on
13 February (SC/15995), demanding the immediate and unconditional release of
all detainees and strongly condemning ongoing detentions, the Houthis persistently
refuse to heed the international community’s unified call. In that regard, we remind
the Houthis of the 1 March letter from United Nations agencies and NGOs on the
occasion of the holy month of Ramadan. We also remind the Houthis of the Secretary-
General’s appeal for a thorough, immediate and transparent investigation to hold
those responsible accountable.
Thirdly, we emphasize once again the need for faithful implementation of all
relevant Security Council resolutions, especially the targeted arms embargo. Indeed,
abiding by the arms embargo is the fundamental prerequisite for the stability of
both Yemen and the wider region. On that point, we believe that the international
community should pay elevated attention to the United Nations Verification and
Inspection Mechanism for Yemen and the Yemeni Government’s maritime security
efforts, including its coast guard capacity-building, to ensure stronger adherence to
the arms embargo.
Fourthly, as Under-Secretary-General Tom Fletcher and civil society briefer
Ms. Ali clearly illustrated today, Yemen’s humanitarian crisis is worsening. The
Republic of Korea remains committed to addressing the humanitarian needs of
the Yemeni people, including women and children, particularly in climate-linked

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food insecurity and malnutrition. As part of our efforts to that end, 23,000 tons of
rice will be delivered to the people of Yemen in cooperation with the World Food
Programme this year. We hope that assistance will support refugees and internally
displaced persons who are suffering from nutritional deficiency. We are also
supporting an International Organization for Migration project to empower women
in water-related conflict resolution and climate adaptation. There are 14.5 million
Yemeni people who lack access to safe drinking water, making it one of the world’s
most water-scarce nations. Surging temperatures and erratic rainfall exacerbate
already dire water shortages, directly endangering the livelihoods of Yemenis and
the country’s stability.
Lastly, as Special Envoy Grundberg recently emphasized, the international
community, including key regional countries, must not lose sight of Yemen amid a
fluid international security environment. Indeed, our continued diplomatic, financial
and humanitarian support for Yemen is now more vital than ever. As broader shifts
in the situation in the Middle East transpire, we strongly hope for the creation of an
atmosphere that fosters forward-momentum in the political process in Yemen.
The Republic of Korea reaffirms its commitment to an inclusive, Yemeni-led
political transition under United Nations auspices and remains steadfast in alleviating
the suffering of the Yemeni people.
The President: I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative
of Denmark.
Like others, I want to start by thanking Special Envoy Grundberg and Under-
Secretary-General Fletcher for their briefings. I would like to express special thanks
to our civil society briefer, Nesmah Mansoor Ali, for bringing new perspectives to the
Council today on the need to address the often-overlooked effects of climate change
in Yemen and its impact on insecurity and conflict. I also welcome the representative
of Yemen to our meeting today.
I would like to make three points.
First, as we have heard from Under-Secretary-General Fletcher this morning,
the continuing deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Yemen is deeply
concerning and has staggering consequences for women and girls in particular.
With an economy on the brink of collapse, persistent electricity cuts, severe food
insecurity and acute water scarcity, for too many Yemenis it is hard to maintain
hope. The humanitarian needs are further compounded by the exacerbating impacts
of climate change. As the third most vulnerable country to climate change in the
world, Yemen is highly affected by climate-induced disasters, including droughts
and floods. The convergence of prolonged conflict, environmental degradation and
climate change has created a perfect storm of crises with competition over scarce
resources, threatening Yemen’s short and long-term peace and stability. As Council
members, we must do more to make sure that climate considerations are integrated
into peacebuilding strategies, local mediation efforts and a future peace settlement
process. We urge the international community to support the Yemeni Government in
addressing those challenges.
Secondly, the Houthis continue to unlawfully detain United Nations staff and
humanitarian personnel, many of whom have spent years delivering assistance to the
people the Houthis claim to serve. The tragic death of a World Food Programme staff
member held in Houthi detention last month underscores the urgency of ensuring the
release of all those arbitrarily detained. We call on the Houthis to do so immediately
and without preconditions, and we demand that their rights be respected in line with
international humanitarian law. We appreciate the Council speaking in one voice
in condemning that by adopting a press statement (SC/15995) last month. As in all

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other conflicts on the Council’s agenda, safe, rapid and unimpeded access for all
humanitarian actors are non-negotiable requirements.
Thirdly and finally, the Houthis’ threats to further escalate attacks in the Red Sea
will not make Yemenis lives easier or more secure, rather they risk drawing Yemen
further into the regional turmoil and an endless spiral of retaliatory violence. Attacks
against international merchant vessels, regardless of their origin or destination, have
no justification. Freedom of navigation must be respected in line with international
law. Denmark will continue to defend that as part of the European Union’s Operation
Aspides. We further underscore the need to reinforce the targeted arms embargo on
the Houthis.
In conclusion, the Houthis must refocus their efforts on addressing the needs of
the millions of Yemenis, who have suffered over a decade of war, by engaging in the
United Nations-led political process towards a lasting solution to the conflict.
Denmark expresses its full support for the efforts led by Special Envoy Hans
Grundberg. We encourage all stakeholders to engage actively with his Office to pave
the way for a resumption of the political process.
I now resume my functions as President of the Council.
I give the floor to the representative of Yemen.
Mr. Al-Saadi (Yemen) (spoke in Arabic): We express our happiness at seeing
you, Ambassador Christina Lassen, presiding over the Council for this month. We
wish you and your friendly delegation every success in your duties. I also thank your
predecessor, the Permanent Representative of China, for his successful presidency
last month. I also thank Mr. Grundberg, Mr. Fletcher and Ms. Nesmah Mansoor Ali
for their briefings.
As the ongoing conflict enters its eleventh year, Yemen stands at a critical
juncture in which the patient Yemeni people have aspired to peace and an end to their
long suffering. However, their hopes and aspirations have not been realized owing
to the destructive approach of the Iranian-backed Houthi terrorist militias and their
rejection of all regional and international efforts to achieve peace and their ongoing
evasion of their obligation to peace through their escalation and military mobilization
on various fronts, their violations of all commitments and their plans to return to a
full-scale war, plunging Yemen into an unprecedented humanitarian crisis.
In that context, the Presidential Leadership Council and the Yemeni Government
reaffirm their keen interest in positively engaging with all regional and international
initiatives and efforts, as well as the efforts of the United Nations through the
Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen, to reach a political settlement
of the Yemeni crisis and end that destructive war based on the terms of reference
of the agreed political solution, foremost of which is resolution 2216 (2015), which
represents a key pillar and a road map to address the crisis in Yemen.
Achieving just, comprehensive and sustainable peace in Yemen requires
international support and the creation of a strategic partnership that translates into
practical steps to support the efforts of the Yemeni Government, end the coup, restore
State institutions and extend control over the entire Yemeni territory, ensure the
security of the Red Sea and the Bab al-Mandab strait and transform it from a source
of threat to a bridge for peace, as it has been throughout history, and implement
the resolutions banning the flow of weapons from the Iranian regime to the Houthi
militias, as that is a threat to regional and international peace and security, prolongs
the conflict and exacerbates the humanitarian crisis for Yemenis.
The Government of Yemen welcomes the United States Department of State’s
announcement that the designation of the Houthi militias as a foreign terrorist

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organization has entered into force. That decision is an important step in confronting
the threats posed by those militias, supported by the Iranian regime, whose terrorist
actions have targeted civilians and infrastructure in Yemen and neighbouring
countries, as well as commercial vessels in the Red Sea, in an ongoing threat to
the security and safety of navigation and international trade routes. The Yemeni
Government reiterates its full support for that designation as an effective tool to
stem the material and financial support for those militias and renews its call to the
international community to take similar steps to dry up the sources of financing
and weapons for the Houthis and strengthen efforts to restore stability and peace
in Yemen. The Government of Yemen affirms its full commitment and readiness
to work with partners in the international community to ensure that the decision is
implemented in a way that serves the interests of the Yemeni people and promotes
peace and security in the region and to take the necessary measures to channel
the requirements of the designation towards its main objectives of dismantling the
infrastructure of the terrorist Houthi militias without harming the interests of the
citizens, humanitarian assistance, food imports and commercial activities while
mitigating any negative effects of the designation on the humanitarian situation.
Yemen is facing enormous economic, humanitarian, social and institutional
challenges owing to the war launched by the Houthi militias, which led to Yemen’s
loss of more than half of its national revenue — equivalent to $250 billion, the
depreciation of the national currency, the rise in cumulative inflation rates and the
rise in the unemployment rate, which has now reached 80 per cent. The Yemeni
Government is making tremendous efforts to address those challenges and is
urgently prioritizing measures aimed at achieving economic stability and resilience.
Short-term plans have been developed to stop the deterioration of the economic
and humanitarian situations, laying the foundations for economic development and
strengthening governance and the resilience of the private sector. In that context, we
look forward to a doubling of the support provided by the international community
and Yemen’s development partners and its redirecting in accordance with those
priorities in the economic, development, humanitarian and service sectors.
It is important to build on the outcomes of the high-level ministerial meeting
held earlier this year to support the efforts of the Yemeni Government and the
messages of economic and political support to the Yemeni Government and its
reforms and vision for economic recovery and the five main pathways, according
to that vision, to address the current challenges. In that context, we also highly
appreciate the support provided by our brothers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
to the people and Government of Yemen in various fields in these exceptional and
difficult circumstances and the support of all brothers and friends to alleviate the
human suffering of the Yemeni people.
We welcome the unity shown by the Security Council through its strong
condemnation of the ongoing arbitrary detention of the staff of United Nations
agencies, international organizations, civil society organizations and diplomatic
missions operating in the Yemen and its call for the immediate and unconditional
release of all detainees. However, we stress the importance of exerting greater
pressure on the Houthi militias and taking strict measures to end the violations and
immediately and unconditionally release all abductees and detainees. We reiterate
the Yemeni Government’s warning that the militias will not stop blackmailing the
international community and will carry out more arrests and violations against
civilians and humanitarian workers and will not stop mistreating the forcibly
detained in their prisons.
In that context, the Yemeni Government once again calls for the headquarters of
United Nations agencies and international organizations operating in Yemen to be
relocated to the temporary capital of Aden to ensure a safe and stable environment in

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which to conduct humanitarian and relief work without obstacles and stop the looting
of aid by the Houthi militias to serve the so-called war effort and expand the war
against the Yemeni people.
As United Nations Member States prepare to review next week the progress made
on the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action during the
sixty-ninth session of the Commission on the Status of Women and as we approach
International Women’s Day, the Houthi militias are working to destroy all the
achievements made on behalf of Yemeni women. The militias continue their serious
violations, kidnapping and detention of hundreds of Yemeni women, depriving
them of their political, economic and social rights and their right to education.
They continue to detain them, throwing them in secret prisons, fabricating charges,
practicing various forms of blackmail, psychological and physical torture and
subjecting them to sexual harassment and assault in connection with their political,
media and human rights activities and preventing them from political participation
to contribute to building and enlightening Yemeni society.
An example of those crimes is the tragedy that befell Mrs. Rabab Al-Madhwahi,
who was kidnapped by the Houthi militias nine months ago and whose mother died a
few days ago in grief over the detention and enforced disappearance of her daughter.
That tragedy is an extension of the criminal practices against innocent civilians in
the areas controlled by those militias. That crime is not only an individual tragedy,
but is also a systematic policy and a glaring example of the crimes perpetrated by
those militias through kidnapping, torture and the terrorizing of families, which
have led to the death of many of detainees mothers out of anguish and grief over the
fate of their children in the prisons of the militias and under inhumane conditions, in
flagrant violation of human rights law and international humanitarian law.
The meeting rose at 11.35 a.m.

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