CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDY MODULE
Prepared for Academic Reference and Study Use
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Civil Engineering
2. Engineering Economics
3. Strength of Materials
4. Structural Analysis
5. Highway and Transportation Engineering
6. Environmental Engineering
7. Hydraulics and Water Resources
8. Geotechnical Engineering
9. Construction Management
10. References
1. Introduction to Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. It deals with the design,
construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including structures such as roads, bridges,
dams, airports, buildings, and water supply systems.
Importance:
Provides infrastructure for society.
Ensures safety and sustainability.
Supports economic development.
2. Engineering Economics
Engineering Economics helps engineers evaluate the financial feasibility of projects.
Key Concepts:
Time Value of Money (TVM): Money today is worth more than money in the future.
Present Worth (PW) & Future Worth (FW): Used to compare project alternatives.
Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C): Determines project acceptability.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR): Discount rate at which present worth of benefits = costs.
Example Problem:
If a new bridge requires an investment of ₱10 million and is expected to generate ₱2.5 million annually
for 6 years, determine if the project is feasible at 10% interest.
3. Strength of Materials
Strength of Materials (Mechanics of Materials) deals with how solid objects resist deformation and
failure.
Topics:
Stress and Strain
Hooke’s Law
Bending Moment and Shear Force
Torsion
Column Buckling
Formula Example:
σ=FA\sigma = \frac{F}{A}
Where:
σ = Stress, F = Force, A = Area
4. Structural Analysis
Structural analysis ensures that structures can withstand loads without failure.
Types of Loads:
Dead Load (self-weight)
Live Load (occupants, vehicles, etc.)
Environmental Loads (wind, earthquake, temperature)
Methods of Analysis:
Method of Joints (for trusses)
Method of Sections
Moment Distribution Method
Finite Element Method (FEM)
5. Highway and Transportation Engineering
Transportation Engineering focuses on efficient and safe movement of people and goods.
Highway Design Elements:
Geometric Design
Pavement Design
Traffic Flow Theory
Pavement Types:
Flexible Pavement (Asphalt)
Rigid Pavement (Concrete)
6. Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering addresses pollution control and sustainable design.
Fields:
Water and Wastewater Treatment
Solid Waste Management
Air Pollution Control
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
7. Hydraulics and Water Resources
Hydraulics studies fluid behavior, while water resources engineering manages water supply.
Concepts:
Continuity Equation
Q=A⋅VQ = A \cdot V
Bernoulli’s Equation
Open Channel Flow
Groundwater Hydrology
8. Geotechnical Engineering
Geotechnical engineering deals with soil and rock mechanics.
Applications:
Foundation Design
Slope Stability
Retaining Structures
Soil Improvement
Soil Classification:
Coarse-grained (sand, gravel)
Fine-grained (silt, clay)
9. Construction Management
Construction Management ensures that projects are completed on time, within budget, and meet
quality standards.
Tools:
Gantt Chart
PERT/CPM Networks
Resource Allocation
Safety Management
10. References
Hibbeler, R.C. Mechanics of Materials
Juvinall & Marshek. Fundamentals of Machine Component Design
Nilson, A. Design of Concrete Structures
Khanna & Justo. Highway Engineering
Das, B.M. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering
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