C Programming - Day 7: Arrays
What is an Array?
An array is a collection of variables of the same type stored at contiguous memory locations.
Why Use Arrays?
Instead of declaring multiple variables for the same purpose, we can use an array.
For example, instead of: int a1, a2, a3; we can write: int a[3];
Declaration and Initialization
Syntax:
int marks[5];
int marks[5] = {90, 85, 75, 60, 80};
Accessing Array Elements
Use index (starting from 0). Example:
printf("%d", marks[2]); // prints 3rd element
Example 1: Print elements of an array
int a[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", a[i]);
}
Output:
10
20
30
40
50
Example 2: Calculate sum of elements
int a[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}, sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += a[i];
}
printf("Sum = %d", sum);
Output:
Sum = 150
Example 3: Find maximum element
int a[5] = {10, 50, 30, 20, 40}, max = a[0];
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (a[i] > max)
max = a[i];
}
printf("Max = %d", max);
Output:
Max = 50
Example 4: Reverse an array
int a[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
Output:
54321
Example 5: Count even numbers
int a[6] = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17}, count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
if (a[i] % 2 == 0)
count++;
}
printf("Even count = %d", count);
Output:
Even count = 3
Day 7 Summary:
Concept Description
Array Collection of same type elements
Indexing Starts from 0
Length Number of elements
Uses Loop through data, perform calculations
