Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
UNIT-I
OOPs Concepts and Java Programming: Introduction to Object-Oriented concepts, proceduraland
object-oriented programming paradigm
Java programming: An Overview of Java, Java Environment, Data types, Variables, constants,
scope and life time of variables, operators, type conversion and casting, Accepting Input from the
Keyboard, Reading Input with Java.util.Scanner Class, Displaying Output with System.out.printf(),
Displaying Formatted Output with String.format(), Control Statements
Unit: OOPs Concepts and Java Programming
1. Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts
What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?
OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to design and develop software.
• Object: A real-world entity with state (attributes) and behavior (methods).
• Class: A blueprint or template to create objects.
Benefits of OOP
• Modularity
• Reusability
• Data Hiding
• Extensibility
• Maintainability
2. Key OOP Principles
Principle Description
Encapsulation Bundling data and methods together; hiding internal state.
Abstraction Showing only relevant details and hiding complexity.
Inheritance One class (child) can inherit features of another class (parent).
Performing a single action in different ways (e.g., method overloading and
Polymorphism
overriding).
3. Procedural Programming Paradigm
Definition:
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
A programming paradigm where programs are built using procedures or functions.
Features:
• Focuses on functions.
• Code executes in a top-down approach.
• Example languages: C, Pascal.
Limitations:
• Less support for code reuse.
• Difficult to manage in large projects.
• Poor real-world modeling.
4. Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm
Definition:
A paradigm that models software as a collection of objects which interact with each other.
Features:
• Focus on objects and data.
• Better for modeling complex systems.
• Suitable for large and scalable applications.
Example Languages:
• Java, C++, Python, C#
5. Difference: Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Programming
Feature Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Programming
Approach Function-based Object-based
Data Access Global access to data Data hidden via encapsulation
Modularity Less modular High modularity
Code Reuse Difficult Easy through inheritance
Security Low High due to data hiding
6. Java and OOP
Why Java is an OOP Language:
• Everything in Java is based on classes and objects.
• Java supports all OOP principles.
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
• Example: A simple Java class
class Student {
// Attributes
String name;
int age;
// Method
void display() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(); // Object creation
s1.name = "Anil";
s1.age = 21;
s1.display();
}
}
Here are comprehensive Java Programming notes for degree students covering:
An Overview of Java, Java Environment, Data Types, Variables, Constants, Scope and Lifetime
of Variables, Operators, Type Conversion and Casting, Accepting Input, Output, Control
Statements
Java Programming Notes – Introduction Unit
1. Overview of Java
• Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems
(now owned by Oracle).
• Platform Independent – thanks to Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
• Write Once, Run Anywhere – Java bytecode runs on any machine with JVM.
Key Features of Java
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
• Simple
• Object-Oriented
• Platform Independent
• Secure
• Robust
• Multithreaded
• Distributed
2. Java Environment
• JDK (Java Development Kit) – Includes compiler, debugger, and tools.
• JRE (Java Runtime Environment) – Contains JVM + libraries to run Java apps.
• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) – Converts bytecode to machine code.
3. Java Data Types
Primitive Data Types
Type Size Example
byte 1 byte byte b = 100;
short 2 bytes short s = 2000;
int 4 bytes int i = 50;
long 8 bytes long l = 9999L;
float 4 bytes float f = 10.5f;
double 8 bytes double d = 99.99;
char 2 bytes char c = 'A';
boolean 1 bit boolean flag = true;
4. Variables, Constants
Variable:
A container to store data.
Example:
int age = 20;
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
Constant:
Fixed value, declared using final keyword.
Example:
final double PI = 3.14;
5. Scope and Lifetime of Variables
Scope Type Description
Local Declared inside methods or blocks. Exists during execution.
Instance Non-static, exists with object.
Class (Static) Belongs to class, accessed without object.
6. Operators in Java
Types:
• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
• Logical: &&, ||, !
• Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=
• Increment/Decrement: ++, --
• Ternary: condition ? true : false
7. Type Conversion and Casting
Implicit Type Conversion:
int a = 10;
double d = a; // Automatic conversion
Explicit Type Casting:
double d = 9.7;
int i = (int)d; // Manual casting
8. Accepting Input from the Keyboard
Use Scanner class from java.util package.
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name: ");
String name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter age: ");
int age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Hello " + name + ", Age: " + age);
}
}
9. Displaying Output
Using System.out.printf()
int x = 10;
System.out.printf("Value is: %d\n", x);
Using String.format()
String msg = String.format("Hello %s, Age: %d", "Anil", 20);
System.out.println(msg);
10. Control Statements in Java
Conditional Statements
if (condition) {
// code
} else if (...) {
// code
} else {
// code
}
Course 5: Object Oriented Programming using Java
BSc III Semester
Switch Statement
int day = 3;
switch(day) {
case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
default: System.out.println("Invalid Day");
}
Looping Statements
• for loop
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
• while loop
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
• do-while loop
int i = 0;
do {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i < 5);
