■ Python Cheat Sheet
A quick reference guide to Python syntax, data structures, and core concepts.
Basics
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>x = 10
name = 'Alice'
y = 3.14
Variables flag = True</font>
<font face='Courier'>print('Hello World')
Print print(x, y, name)</font>
Data Types <font face='Courier'>int, float, str, list, tuple, dict, set, bool</font>
Type Check <font face='Courier'>type(x)</font>
<font face='Courier'>int('5') -> 5
Casting str(5) -> '5'</font>
<font face='Courier'># single line
Comments ''' multi line '''</font>
Operators
Concept Example
Arithmetic <font face='Courier'>+ - * / % ** //</font>
Comparison <font face='Courier'>== != > < >= <=</font>
Logical <font face='Courier'>and, or, not</font>
Membership <font face='Courier'>in, not in</font>
Identity <font face='Courier'>is, is not</font>
Control Flow
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>if x>5:
print('Big')
else:
If/Else print('Small')</font>
<font face='Courier'>if x==0:
print('Zero')
elif x>0:
Elif print('Positive')</font>
<font face='Courier'>for i in range(5):
For Loop print(i)</font>
<font face='Courier'>while x>0:
While Loop x-=1</font>
Break/Continue <font face='Courier'>break, continue</font>
Functions
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>def add(a,b):
Define return a+b</font>
Default Args <font face='Courier'>def greet(name='User'):</font>
<font face='Courier'>def f(*args, **kwargs):
Args/Kwargs print(args, kwargs)</font>
Lambda <font face='Courier'>f = lambda x: x*2</font>
<font face='Courier'>def f():
Docstring '''This is docstring'''</font>
Collections
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>nums = [1,2,3]
nums.append(4)
List nums[0]</font>
<font face='Courier'>point = (2,3)
Tuple point[0]</font>
<font face='Courier'>person = {'name':'Ali','age':20}
Dict person['name']</font>
<font face='Courier'>unique = {1,2,3}
Set unique.add(4)</font>
Comprehension <font face='Courier'>[x**2 for x in range(5)]</font>
Strings
Concept Example
Basics <font face='Courier'>s = 'hello'</font>
Concat <font face='Courier'>'hi' + ' there'</font>
Slice <font face='Courier'>s[0:3], s[::-1]</font>
Methods <font face='Courier'>s.upper(), s.lower(), s.split()</font>
<font face='Courier'>name='Ali'
f-strings print(f'Hi {name}')</font>
File Handling
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>with open('file.txt') as f:
Open/Read data=f.read()</font>
<font face='Courier'>with open('out.txt','w') as f:
Write f.write('Hello')</font>
<font face='Courier'>with open('out.txt','a') as f:
Append f.write('More')</font>
OOP
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>class Dog:
def __init__(self,name):
Class self.name=name</font>
Object <font face='Courier'>d = Dog('Buddy')</font>
<font face='Courier'>def speak(self):
Method return 'Woof'</font>
<font face='Courier'>class Poodle(Dog):
Inheritance pass</font>
Modules
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>import math
Import from os import path</font>
Alias <font face='Courier'>import numpy as np</font>
Custom Module <font face='Courier'>import mymodule</font>
Advanced
Concept Example
List Comprehension <font face='Courier'>[x*2 for x in range(5)]</font>
Generator <font face='Courier'>(x*2 for x in range(5))</font>
<font face='Courier'>def gen():
Yield yield 1</font>
<font face='Courier'>def deco(f):
def wrap(): return f()
Decorator return wrap</font>
<font face='Courier'>try:
1/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
Exception print('Error')</font>
Libraries
Concept Example
<font face='Courier'>import numpy as np
NumPy np.array([1,2,3])</font>
<font face='Courier'>import pandas as pd
Pandas df = pd.DataFrame(...)</font>
<font face='Courier'>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Matplotlib plt.plot([1,2,3])</font>
<font face='Courier'>import requests
Requests r=requests.get(url)</font>
