VARIABLE
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
DISCRETE Continuous NOMINA ORDINAL
L
Variables
Measureable characteristics of an
object that can take on different
values.
Quantitative variables
The quantitative variable is associated with measurement, quantity, and extent,
like how many. It follows the statistical, mathematical, and computational techniques
in numerical data such as percentages and statistics. The research is conducted on a
large group of population.
1) Continuous Variable
A continuous variable is a quantitative variable that can take a value between two
specific values.
Example:
Weight of a student
Temperature
Amount of milk in a glass
Types Of Quantitative Variables
2) Discrete Variable
A discrete variable is a quantitative variable whose attributes are separated from each
other.
Example:
Number of students in a class (e.g., 30, 31, not 30.5)
Number of books on a shelf (e.g., 12, 13, not 12.7)
Number of cars in a parking lot (e.g., 50, 51, not 50.2)
Number of children in a family
Qualitative/Categorical Variable
The qualitative/ categorical variable includes measurements that vary in categories
such as names but not in terms of rank or degree. It means one level of a categorical
variable cannot be considered better or greater than another level.
1) Nominal Variable:
Nominal Variable can take the value that is not organized in terms of groups, degree,
or rank.
Eye color
Religion
Gender
Brand
2) Ordinal Variable
Ordinal Variable can take the value that can be logically ordered or
ranked.
Example
Size of clothes (small, medium, large, extra, large)
level of seniority in college students (fresher, junior, senior)
Univariate data:
Univariate data refers to a type of data in which each observation or data point
corresponds to a single variable. In other words, it involves the measurement or
observation of a single characteristic or attribute for each individual or item in the
dataset. Analyzing univariate data is the simplest form of analysis in statistics.
You have several options for describing data with univariate data
Frequency distribution
Histogram
Pie chart
Bar chart
Bivariate data
Bivariate data involves two different variables, and the analysis of this
type of data focuses on understanding the relationship or association
between these two variables.
Example of bivariate data can be temperature and ice cream sales in
summer season.
RANDOM VARIABLES
A random variable in statistics is a function that assigns a real value
to an outcome in the sample space of a random experiment.
For Example:
if you roll a die, you can assign a number to each possible outcome.
Random variables can have specific values or any value in a range.
There are two basic types of random variables.
Discrete Random Variables
Continuous Random Variables
Types Of Random Variables
Discrete Random Variable
A discrete random variable can take only a finite number of distinct
values such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … and so on.
Continuous Random Variable
A numerically valued variable is said to be continuous if, in any unit of
measurement, whenever it can take on the values a and b. If the
random variable X can assume an infinite and uncountable set of
values, it is said to be a continuous random variable.
Frequency table
PICTOGRAMS
A pictogram or pictograph represents the frequency of data as pictures
or symbols. Each picture or symbol may represent one or more units of
the data.
Simple Bar Chart
Multiple Bar Chart
HISTOGRAM
A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of
quantitative data.
