4.
9 PROJECT FORMAT
The approved format for the final year project is as put below:
1. PROJECT ORGANISATION SEQUENCE
Cover page
Title page
Declaration
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figures
List of Tables
List of Appendices
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Objectives of the Study
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Operational Definition of key terms
1.9 Plan of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Review
2.2 Theoretical Review
2.3 Empirical Review
2.4 Summary
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.4 Sources and Methods of Data Collection
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
4.4 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitations of the Study
5.5 Suggestion for Further Research
References
Appendices
2. CERTIFICATION
This Project titled……………… has been read, and approved by the undersigned, as having
satisfied the condition governing the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in Accounting
in the University of Abuja for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.
………………………………….. ……………………
*** Name Date
Project Supervisor
………………………………….. ……………………
*** Name Date
Head, Accounting Department
………………………………….. ……………………
External Examiner Date
3. LANGUAGE AND STYLE
The Project report must be written in English or such other language as Senate may approve.
Care should be taken to make the project report a scholarly contribution to knowledge,
including language usage and accuracy of expression. The language of a project must be
precise, formal and unbiased, expression should normally be in the third person.
Adequate attention should be paid to skills such as correct spelling, punctuation, sentence
structure, capitalization and the proper use of italics.
4. TYPING DIRECTIVES
1. Size: Use A4 paper (21.0x29.7cm).
2. Typing: The following points should be noted;-
(i) Type on one side only using the Times New Roman character, Font size 12.
(ii) Use double line spacing throughout the text, except for indented quotations, equations
and footnotes which should be typed in single spacing. Use double line spacing to
separate any two different references.
(iii) Justify the margins and leave one extra line space between paragraphs.
(iv) Provide adequate margins of 3.5cm, on the left hand side margin, approximately 2.5cm
on the right side margin, and 2.5 cm on top and bottom of each page.
(v) Do not break words at the end of lines.
(vi) Use the same type-face to ensure a standard page throughout the text.
5. QUOTATION
(i) A quotation comprising fewer than fifty words should be integrated into the text using
double quotation marks at the beginning and end of the quotation.
(ii) Use single quotation marks within double quotation marks to set off material that in the
original source was enclosed in double quotation marks.
(iii) For a quotation over fifty words long, indent in typescript 1.5cm. from the left-hand margin.
No quotation marks are necessary for indented passage.
(iv) Direct quotation must be accurate, i.e. you must follow exactly the original source, if any
incorrect spelling, punctuation or grammar in the source, it might confuse readers.
6. HEADING NUMBERING
A maximum of five-tier system should be adopted for the headings in the text. Arabic numerals
should be used appropriately to number the headings. These should not be indented.
The chapter headings should be centralized, bold and in the upper case. The number of the
chapter should be typeset to the left. The first level of subheadings (reflected as 1.1; 1.2 etc.)
should also be centralized, bold and in a title case. The third level should be set to the left, bold
and in sentence case (reflected as 1.1.1; 1.1.2, 2.1.4. etc.). The fourth-tier of headings may be
numbered viz. 1.1.1.2; 2.3.4.5; Italicized, in sentence case, and set to left; the fifth tier should be
set to the left, not numbered, end with a full column and begin the paragraph.
7. TABLES AND FIGURES
(a)Tables
Tables should be so constructed that they could be read and understood without reference to the
text. A table should be simple, presenting only one general kind of data or relationship. A good
Table should contribute to the processes of analysis and valid generalization of findings inherent
in the original data. Tables should be inserted immediately after the page in which they have
been mentioned for the first time. Tables based on data other than those collected directly from
the investigation and/or very long table should normally be inserted as appendices at the end of
the project.
Each Table should have a clear and self-explanatory title. Tables should be numbered
consecutively with Arabic numerals throughout the thesis or numbered according to chapters,
e.g. Table 2.1 denoting chapter 2 Table 1.The text should include useful reference to all tables;
tables on landscape should have their captions at the free end of the bound copy. All Tables
should be discussed within the text.
When typing tables avoid vertical lines and a minimum number of horizontal lines.
The Title should set to the extreme left above the table with the second line, where applicable,
starting under the first letter of the title .The data should set to the left under the column
headings. The column headings should also be set to left. When the number of lines vary among
the column headings, these should be adjusted from bottom to the top.
(b) Figurers
Figures include graphs, Chart, drawings, diagrams maps and some kind of computer print-outs.
The term ‘’ Figures’’ thus refers to any type of graphic illustration other than a table. Figures
should be clear, elegant and simple to interpret. Arabic numerals should be used in numbering
Figures.
8. DATA PRESENTATION
The Data used in drawing graphs and charts should not normally be re-presented in form of
Tables. However, if their representation would provide additional information, then these should
be given as appendices.
9. NUMERALS AND UNITS
i. In the descriptive text, numerals are usually spelt out if under 10, except when they denote a
unit of measurement. All other numbers should appear in Arabic numerals. Insert comma in
numerals over 1.000 or space out as recommended by the international System of units. Use
‘’first ‘second; not; 1st, ‘’2nd; etc.
ii. Dates should take the form of 10 March, 1982 and not 10 th March, 1982; i.e. omit ‘’th’’.
Decades should be referred to without the apostrophe, e.g. 1940s, 1960’s and not 1930’s 1950’s.
iii. If you choose to use the percentage sign %, do not mix with spelt figures or vice versa.
iv. Unit of measurements should be spelt out when appearing along in the text, but abbreviated
according to standard abbreviations when used in Tables and Figures and when qualified by
numbers.
v. Metric Unit should be used.
10. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Define the significant terms that:
(i). Are specific to the subject matter of the study being conducted.
(ii) Have every-day language counterparts with which they might be confused; and
(iii) Are related substantively or methodologically to your project. Such terms should be listed
and defined carefully in the introductory chapter in order to provide readers with the common
frame of reference you add in writing the project report.
11. ABBREVIATIONS
Explain all acronyms and abbreviations. A term to be abbreviated must, on first appearance, be
spelt out completely and followed immediately by its abbreviation in parentheses. Thereafter, the
abbreviation may be used in the text without further explanation.
12. REFERENCES
Referencing style for all project should be the APA referencing methods e.g. 6th or 7th editions.
13. BINDING
Project reports should be permanently bound only after approval.
The spine of each project report should be lettered boldly in gold to indicate the degree,
month and year, name of the candidate and the title (abbreviate if necessary).
Project should be in green colour
The title and candidates’ name should appear boldly on the front page.
14. NUMBER OF COPIES
Copies of the duly approved project should be submitted through the Project Supervisor to
the Head of Department for endorsement and distribution as follows:
i. University Library
ii. Departmental Library
iii. Supervisor
iv. Candidate
