Parts of an Arduino Board
Microcontroller (e.g., ATmega328P)
Heart of the Arduino. Executes the program uploaded from your computer. Contains memory (Flash, SRAM,
EEPROM), I/O pins, and timers.
Digital I/O Pins
Usually labeled 0 to 13. Can be used to read (input) or send (output) digital signals. Some pins (e.g., 3, 5, 6,
9, 10, 11) support PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
Analog Input Pins
Labeled A0 to A5. Used to read analog signals from sensors. Converts analog voltage (05V) to a digital value
(01023).
Power Pins
Vin: External power input. 5V: Regulated power output. 3.3V: Low-power output. GND: Ground pins.
USB Port
Connects Arduino to a computer for uploading code and power.
Power Jack (Barrel Connector)
Used for external power input (712V) when not connected to USB.
Reset Button
Resets the program on the board. Useful during programming or when troubleshooting.
Crystal Oscillator
Provides precise timing. Typically operates at 16 MHz.
Voltage Regulator
Parts of an Arduino Board
Ensures a stable voltage supply to the board components.
TX/RX LEDs
TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive) LEDs show serial communication activity.
ICSP Header (In-Circuit Serial Programming)
Used for low-level programming and burning the bootloader.
LED (Pin 13)
Built-in LED for basic testing and debugging.
