GEN BIO
Sex Education
FAMILY PLANNING
Involves the decisions couples or individuals make about when (and if) they should have
children. How many children to have, and how long to wait between pregnancies
Also consists of choices to prevent or achieve pregnancy and to control the timing and
number of pregnancies
Has many ethical, physical, emotional, religious, and legal implications
Contraception is the deliberate prevention of conception using a method or device to avert
fertilization of an ovum
ABSTINENCE – the most effective way to protect against conception is to abstain from sexual
intercourse
ABSTINENCE – has a theoretical 0% failure rate and is also the most effective way to prevent STI’s
NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
RHYTHM METHOD – also known as the calendar method
RHYTHM METHOD – requires that the couple refrain from intercourse on those days the woman
most likely to conceive based on MC
RHYTHM METHOD – this fertile period usually last from 3-4 days before until 4-3 days after
ovulation
OVULATION AWARENESS METHOD – over the counter ovulation detection kits the
determine ovulation by measuring luteinizing hormone (LH)
in the urine
OVULATION AWARENESS METHOD – during each menstrual cycle LH level surge, causing
an ovum to be released from the ovary 24-36hrs later
(ovulation)
OVULATION AWARENESS METHOD – this method can use to determine the mid cycle surge
of LH which can be detected in the urine as early as 12hrs
after ovulation
COITUS INTERRUPTUS – one of the oldest known methods of contraception
COITUS INTERRUPTUS – involves withdrawal of the penis from the vagina during
intercourse before ejaculation
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES – also known as a birth control pills or hormonal contraceptives
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES – consist of synthetic estrogen and progesterone
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES – 2 types of oral contraceptives are available dispense in 21 day
or 28 day packs
[Link]
GEN BIO
Sex Education
BARRIER METHODS
It involve insertion of chemical or mechanical barrier between the cervix and the sperm to
entering the uterus traveling to the fallopian tube, and fertilizing the ovum
Because these methods don’t use hormones they’re sometimes favoured over hormonal
contraceptives which have many adverse effects
However, failure rates for barrier are higher than those for hormonal contraceptives
MALE CONDOMS – a latex or synthetic sheath that’s placed over the erect penis before intercourse
MALE CONDOMS – prevent pregnancy by collecting spermatozoa in the tip of the condom
preventing them from entering the vagina
FEMALE CONDOMS – a vaginal sheath made of polyurethane and lubricated with nonoxynol 9
FEMALE CONDOMS – the inner ring (close end) covers the cervix. The outer ring (open end) rests
against the vaginal opening
DIAPHRAGM – a barrier type contraceptive that mechanically blocks sperm from entering the cervix
DIAPHRAGM – composed of a soft latex dome that’s supported by a round metal spring on the
outside
DIAPHRAGM – optimum effectiveness is achieved by using combination with spermicidal jelly that’s
applied to the ring of the diaphragm before its inserted
CERVICAL CAP – it fits snugly over the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus
SPERMICIDES – offer a chemical barrier method of contraception
SPERMICIDES – available in gels, creams, films, foams, and suppositories
SPERMICIDES – it also change the pH of the vaginal fluid to a strong acid, which isn’t conducive to
sperm survival
SPERMICIDES – the gels, foams, and creams are inserted using an applicator at least 1 hour before
intercourse
OTHER METHODS
INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (UID) – a plastic contraceptive device that’s inserted into the uterus
through the cervical canal
INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (UID) – two types of UIDs are available in the United States
INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (UID) – paragard T-a T shaped polyethylene device with copper wrapped
around its vertical stem
INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE (UID) – progestasert system – a T shaped device made of an ethylene
vinyl acetate copolymer with a knotted monofilament retrieval
string attached through a hole in the vertical stem
[Link]
GEN BIO
Sex Education
VASECTOMY – a procedure in which the pathway for spermatozoa is surgically serve
VASECTOMY – incision are made on each side of the scrotum and the vas deference is cut and tied
and then plugged or cauterized, thus blocking the passage of sperm
TUBAL LIGATION – a laparoscope is used to cauterize, crush, clamp, or block the fallopian tubes,
thus prevent pregnancy by blocking the passage of Ova and sperm
TUBAL LIGATION – the procedure is performed after menses and before ovulation
TUBAL LIGATION – it can also be performed 4-6hrs after the birth of a baby or an abortion
[Link]
