CompanyName: DocumentNo.

የኢትዮጵያኮንስትራክሽንሥራዎችኮርፖሬሽን
OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON

DocumentTit
le:
St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Nameoft
heon-
jobTr
aini
ng[
FDARAHeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject
]

Dat
eoft
heon-
jobTr
aini
ng[
Jul
y_14t
oAugust
_13_
2025]

Tr
aineePr
ojectManager
s’Name:[
Gir
mayHai
lesel
assi
e]

Tr
aineePr
ojectManager
s’I
D:[
CPDi
/FPM/
034/
25]

Submi
tt
edt
o:CPDi

August14,
2025

Addi
sAbaba,
Ethi
opi
a
 CompanyName: DocumentNo.
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የኢትዮጵያኮንስትራክሽንሥራዎችኮርፖሬሽን
OF/
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OPI
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e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
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of2
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ter4B+G+21Of
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ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Tabl
eofCont
ent
s
Acknowl
egdeMENT i
v
l
i
stofFI
GURES v
Li
stofTABLES v
i
LI
STOFABBREVI
ATI
ONSANDACRONYMS v
ii
Abst
ract v
ii
i
CHAPTEROne 1
1.
INTRODUCTI
ON 1
1.
1Gener
ali
nfor
mat
ionofFDARAHeadQuat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
dingpr
oject 1
1.
2Pr
ojectdat
aofFDARAHeadQuat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
dingPr
oject 2
1.
3Scopeoft
hewor
k 6
1.
4St
atementoft
hepr
obl
em 7
1.
5Resear
chQuest
ion 7
1.
6Obj
ect
ivesoft
heSt
udy 7
1.
6.1Gener
alObj
ect
ive 8
1.
6.2Speci
fi
cObj
ect
ive 8
1.
7Ov
erv
iewoft
hePaperSt
ruct
ure 8
CHAPTeRTWO 9
2.LI
TERATUREREVI
EW 9
2.
1Gener
al 9
2.
2Concept
sforI
ntegr
ati
onManagement 9
2.
3St
akehol
deri
nInt
egr
ati
onManagement 12

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OF/
ECWC/
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/001
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OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
I
ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
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iof3
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ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

2.
3.1I
mpor
tanceandFr
amewor
ksofSt
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
..
..
.13
2.
3.2 I
dent
if
icat
ion, Cl
assi
fi
cat
ion and Communi
cat
ion f
or St
akehol
der
Engagement
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13
2.
3.3 Chal
l
enges i
n St
akehol
der I
ntegr
ati
on and Engagement and Pr
oject
Success.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.13
2.
3.4Technol
ogyandSt
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
onandConcl
usi
onFut
ureDi
rect
ions14
2.
3.5St
akehol
derCol
l
abor
ati
on,
Deci
sion-
Maki
ngandEngagementModel
s 14
2.
3.6Consi
der
ati
onsi
nInt
egr
ati
on,LegalandEt
hicalDi
mensi
onsofSt
akehol
der
Management 14
2.
3.7St
akehol
derSat
isf
act
ion,Pr
ojectOut
comesandCommuni
tyEngagementi
n
Const
ruct
ionPr
oject
s 15
2.
3.8St
akehol
derConf
li
ctResol
uti
onSt
rat
egi
esandI
nfl
uenceonPr
ojectScope15
2.
3.9 St
akehol
derTr
aini
ng and Dev
elopmentand Cont
inuous I
mpr
ovementi
n
St
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
on 15
2.
4Impor
tanceandBenef
it
sofEf
fect
iveI
ntegr
ati
onManagement 16
2.
5TheRol
eoft
hePr
ojectManageri
nPer
for
mingI
ntegr
ati
on 17
2.
5.1Sy
stem Thi
nki
ng 17
2.
5.2Ski
l
lsRequi
redf
orPr
ojectManager 18
2.
6Ident
if
icat
ionofGapsi
nCur
rentKnowl
edge 19
2.
7Concept
ual
Framewor
k 19
chapt
ert
hree 20
3.met
hodol
ogy 20
3.
1Expl
anat
ionoft
hePaperDesi
gn 20

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OF/
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OPI
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I
ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagei
i
iof4
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

3.
2Par
ti
cipant
s 20
3.
3Dat
aCol
l
ect
ionPr
ocedur
es 21
chapt
erf
our 22
r
esul
tS 22
4.
1Pr
esent
ati
onofFi
ndi
ngs 22
4.
2UseofTabl
es 23
chapt
erf
ive 25
5.di
scussi
on 25
5.
1Int
erpr
etat
ionofResul
t 25
5.
2Compar
isonwi
thExi
sti
ngLi
ter
atur
e 25
5.
2.1St
akehol
derCol
l
abor
ati
on 26
5.
2.2St
akehol
derRegi
ster 26
5.
2.3Pr
ojectMoni
tor
ingandOv
ersi
ght 24
5.
2.4Sel
ect
iveSt
akehol
derEngagementPl
ans 25
5.
3Impl
i
cat
ionoft
heResul
t 25
5.
5li
mit
ati
onoft
hest
udy 28
chapt
ersi
x 29
summar
y,concl
usi
onANDRECOMMENDATI
ON 29
6.
1Summar
yofkeypoi
nts 29
6.
2Recommendat
ion 30
6.
3Ov
eral
lConcl
usi
on 31
Ref
erences 32

i
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OF/
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OPI
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ssueNo:
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akehol
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ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagei
vof5
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

Fi
rstofal
l
,Iwoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essmygr
ati
tudet
otheal
might
yGodf
orenabl
i
ngmet
o
compl
etet
hispaper
.
Iwoul
dli
ket
othankCPDi
forhel
pingmet
owi
denmyknowl
edgef
ort
hepastmont
hand
f
orwor
kingont
hispaper
.
Secondl
y,Iext
endmydeepestgr
ati
tudet
othepr
ojectmanager
,hi
steams,andal
l
FDARA(
Feder
alDocument
s Aut
hent
icat
ion and Regi
str
ati
on Agency
)Head Quat
er
4B+G+21Of
fi
cePr
ojectSt
affwhohel
pedmei
nev
eryst
epbygi
vi
ngmet
henecessar
y
i
nfor
mat
ionandof
fer
ingv
aluabl
eadv
iceandencour
agementf
ort
hecompl
eti
onoft
he
pr
ojectwhi
l
epr
epar
ingt
hispaper
.
Ial
soext
endmyappr
eci
ati
ont
othebr
oaderacademi
ccommuni
tyf
ori
tsi
nval
uabl
e
cont
ri
but
ionsandsuppor
t.Whet
herdi
rectori
ndi
rect
,theassi
stancer
ecei
vedhasbeen
i
nst
rument
ali
nshapi
ngt
heout
comesoft
hispr
oject
.
I
ncl
osi
ng,
tomyf
ri
endsf
ort
hei
runwav
eri
ngsuppor
t,enr
ichi
ngdi
scussi
ons,
andshar
ed
exper
ienceshav
eaddeddept
handper
spect
ivet
othi
spaper
.Mycamar
ader
iehasbeen
adr
ivi
ngf
orce.
Fi
nal
l
y,t
omyf
ami
l
yfort
hei
runder
standi
ng,pat
ience,andunwav
eri
ngsuppor
thav
e
beenmypi
l
lar
s.Iam gr
atef
ulf
ort
hei
rencour
agementandf
orshar
ingt
hisj
our
neywi
th
me.

i
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OPI
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ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagevof6
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

LI
STOFFI
GURES
Fi
gur
e1.
1:-MeanMont
hlyandAnnual
Rai
nfal
l(mm)……………………………….
..
..
………….
1
Fi
gur
e1.
2:-FDARAHeadQuat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
cebui
l
dingpr
ojectTempl
ate…………4
Fi
gur
e2.
3:I
nter
act
ionofst
akehol
derandcommuni
cat
ionknowl
edgear
ea………….
17
Fi
gur
e4.
1power
-i
nter
est
s…………………………………….
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
…………………………………23

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የኢትዮጵያኮንስትራክሽንሥራዎችኮርፖሬሽን
OF/
ECWC/
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OPI
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ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagev
iof7
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

LI
STOFTABLES
Tabl
e1.
1:-Gener
alPr
ojectI
nfor
mat
ionBef
oreOmi
ssi
on…………………………………….
.3

Tabl
e1.
2:-Gener
alPr
ojectI
nfor
mat
ionaf
terOmi
ssi
on……………………………………….
.5

Tabl
e4.
1:St
akehol
deri
dent
if
icat
ionandt
hei
rrol
einpr
ojectpar
ti
cipat
ion….
.……24

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የኢትዮጵያኮንስትራክሽንሥራዎችኮርፖሬሽን
OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
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ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagev
iiof8
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

LI
STOFABBREVI
ATI
ONSANDACRONYMS

FDARA-
--
Feder
alDocument
sAut
hent
icat
ionandRegi
str
ati
onAgency

BI
M--
-Bui
l
dingI
nfor
mat
ionModel
i
ng

ECWC-
--
Ethi
opi
anConst
ruct
ionWor
ksCor
por
ati
on

KPI
s..
..
KeyPer
for
manceI
ndi
cat
orsf
orSt
akehol
derEngagement
EOT-
--Ext
ensi
onofTi
me

CPDi
--
-Const
ruct
ionPr
ofessi
onal
Dev
elopmentI
nst
it
ute

Km -
--Ki
l
oMet
er

mm -
--Mi
l
iMet
er

m-
--met
er

m2-
--squar
emet
er

PMBOK-
--Pr
ojectManagementBodyofKnowl
edge

PMI-
--Pr
ojectManagementI
nst
it
ute

PPA-
--Publ
i
cPr
ocur
ementAgency

VAT-
--Val
ueAddedTax

⁰
c--
-Degr
eeCel
si
us

v
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OF/
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OPI
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ssueNo:
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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Pagev
ii
iof9
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

ABSTRACT

Thi
sst
udyhi
ghl
i
ght
sissuesi
ncl
udi
ngal
ackofst
akehol
dercooper
ati
onbycr
it
ical
l
y
anal
yzi
ng t
he FDARA Head Quat
er4B+G+21 Of
fi
ce Bui
l
ding Pr
ojectdev
elopment
pr
oject
sinaccor
dancewi
tht
hepr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
onmanagementmodul
e.appl
yi
nga
casest
udyt
hati
sdescr
ipt
ivet
hepr
act
icali
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hepr
inci
plesoft
he
pr
oject const
ruct
ion sur
vey
ing pr
ocess i
s expl
ained by desi
gn and qual
i
tat
ive
appr
oaches.Thepr
eval
entl
ow st
akehol
deri
nput
,lackofast
akehol
derr
egi
ster
,and
l
ackofast
akehol
derengagementpl
anar
ehi
ghl
i
ght
edbykeyf
indi
ngs.Thest
udymakes
a cont
ri
but
ion by hi
ghl
i
ght
ing i
nfor
mat
ion gaps,hi
ghl
i
ght
ing t
he necessi
ty of
cust
omi
zedappr
oachesi
nroadi
mpr
ovement
s,andt
aki
ngcul
tur
alqui
rksi
ntoaccount
.
Ther
ami
fi
cat
ionsgo bey
ond i
mpr
ovi
ng pr
ojectmanagementpr
ocedur
es,pr
ovi
ding
st
akehol
der
swi
thhel
pfuldi
rect
ion.I
nor
dert
o mat
chpr
ojectpr
ocedur
eswi
tht
he
I
ntegr
ati
onmanagementmodul
e,t
her
esear
chendswi
thspeci
fi
crecommendat
ions.
Theser
ecommendat
ionsof
ferpr
act
it
ioner
sandpol
i
cymaker
sinv
olv
edi
ncompar
abl
e
under
taki
ngs.

v
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ssueNo:
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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
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ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

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ssueNo:
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e: PageNo.

St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page1of11
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

CHAPTERONE

1.
INTRODUCTI
ON

1.
1Gener
ali
nfor
mat
ionofFDARAHeadQuat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngpr
oject
FDARA(
Feder
alDocument
s Aut
hent
icat
ion and Regi
str
ati
on Agency
)Head Quar
ter
4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
dingPr
ojecti
ssi
tedi
ntheSout
her
n-East
ernout
ski
rtar
eaofAddi
s
Ababaci
tyi
nLi
det
asubci
tyAr
oundMexi
cowi
thanal
ti
tudev
ary
ingf
rom 2450m t
o
2500m abov
emeanseal
evelandi
ts’cl
i
mat
eiscat
egor
izedashotar
idwi
tht
hemean
annualt
emper
atur
eof19⁰
cwi
thanannualr
ainf
allof1189mm perannum and97.
8
mm permont
h.

Fi
gur
e1.
1:-MeanMont
hlyandAnnual
Rai
nfal
l(mm)

Thepr
ojectbui
l
dingst
art
satt
hej
unct
ionofMexi
co,
Tegbar
e-edipol
ytechni
quecol
l
ege
neart
oSengat
eraar
eaont
her
oadf
rom Tekl
ehay
manotr
oundaboutendsatMexi
co
Taxi
ter
a.Thepr
ojecti
ncl
udest
oConst
ructa4basement
,1mezzani
ne,
21f
loor
sat
otal

1|Page
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OF/
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OPI
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ONWORKSCORPORATI
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ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page2of12
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

26-
stor
yof
fi
cebui
l
dingWi
thTot
alFl
oorar
ea2,
758m2,
Bui
l
tupar
ea1,
800m2&at
otal
f
loorar
eaofappr
oxi
mat
ely36,
544squar
emet
er.
Thepr
ojectschedul
ecommencedwi
tht
hecont
ractbei
ngsi
gnedonSept
ember24,
2020.Wor
kof
fi
ci
all
ybeganonNov
ember3,2020,wi
thanor
igi
nalcompl
eti
ondat
eset
f
orNov
ember3,2024,r
esul
ti
ngi
nani
nit
ialdur
ati
onof1461cal
endarday
s.Howev
er,
t
hecompl
eti
ondat
ewasl
aterr
evi
sedt
oJanuar
y27,
2025,
leadi
ngt
oat
otaldur
ati
onof
1546 cal
endarday
s.Themai
n obj
ect
iveoft
hispr
ojecti
sto del
i
vera pr
operand
st
andar
dizedof
fi
cef
orFeder
alDocument
sAut
hent
icat
ionandRegi
str
ati
onAgencyand
ToConst
ructa4basement
,1mezzani
ne,
21f
loor
sat
otal26-
stor
yof
fi
cebui
l
ding.Wi
th
Tot
alFl
oorar
ea2,
758m2,Bui
l
tupar
ea1,
800m2&at
otalf
loorar
eaofappr
oxi
mat
ely
36,
544squar
emet
ersandensur
ecompl
i
ancewi
thal
lEt
hiopi
anbui
l
dingcodes,
per
mit
s,
andr
egul
ati
ons.Theconst
ruct
ionwi
thi
n1546Cal
endarday
sfr
om t
hepr
ojectst
art
dat
es.

Thecl
i
entoft
hispr
oject
,whi
chi
sFeder
alGov
ernmentBui
l
dingConst
ruct
ionempl
oyed
ECWCasi
ts’cont
ract
orand i
ts’consul
tant
;YohannesAbbayConsul
ti
ngAr
chi
tect
s&
Engi
neer
s.TheFeder
alGov
ernmentBui
l
dingConst
ruct
ionandECWCwassi
gnedont
he
dat
eofSept
ember24,2020,andt
hecommencementor
derwasi
ssuedont
hedat
eof
Sept
ember24,2020.Theempl
oyeroft
hispr
ojectsi
gnedt
hecont
ractwi
thECWCf
ora
pr
iceof1,
649,
471,
613.
96ETB,i
ncl
udi
ng10% cont
ingency
,speci
fi
edpr
ovi
sional15%
VAT,
orsuchot
hersumsasmaybecomepay
abl
eundert
hepr
ovi
sionoft
hecont
ract
.

1.
2Pr
ojectdat
aofFDARAHeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject
Asi
twasment
ionedear
li
eri
nthepr
evi
oussect
ion,onSept
ember24,2020,
TheCl
i
ent
(
Feder
alGov
ernmentBui
l
ding Const
ruct
ion)and ECWC si
gned a cont
ract
,and a
begi
nni
ngor
derwaspubl
i
shed.Gener
all
y,t
hepr
ojectconceptcanbesummar
izedby
t
hef
oll
owi
ngt
abl
ebel
ow:

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ECWC/
CPDi
/001
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OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
I
ssueNo:
1 DocumentTi
tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page3of13
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Tabl
e1.
1:-Gener
alPr
ojectI
nfor
mat
ionBef
oreOmi
ssi
on

Numbe I
tem Descr
ipt
ion
r
1 Pr
ojectName The Const
ruct
ion ofa FDARA 4B+G+21 Head
Quar
terOf
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject
2 Pr
oject Addi
sAbabaci
ty(
Lidet
aSub-
cit
y)
l
ocat
ion
3 Pr
ojectCost 1,
649,
471,
613.
96ETBi
ncl
udi
ngVAT
4 Sponsor Feder
alGov
ernmentBui
ldi
ngConst
ruct
ion
5 Cl
ient Feder
alGov
ernmentBui
ldi
ngConst
ruct
ion
6 Consul
tant Yohaness Abbay Consul
ti
ng Ar
chi
tect
s and
Engi
neer
s
7 Cont
ract
or Et
hiopi
anConst
ruct
ionWor
ksCor
por
ati
ons
8 Tot
al Fl
oor 36,
544m2
Ar
ea
9 Ti
me f
or 1546Cal
endarday
s
Compl
eti
on
10 Commenceme Nov
ember03/
2020
ntdat
e
11 Compl
eti
on Januar
y27/
2025
Dat
e

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OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
I
ssueNo:
1 DocumentTi
tl
e: PageNo.

St
akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page4of14
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Sour FDARAMast
ce:- erWor
k
Fr
om Themai
nobj
ect
iveoft
hispr
ojecti
stodel
i
verapr
operandst
andar
dizedof
fi
cef
or
FDARA(
Feder
alDocument
sAut
hent
icat
ionandRegi
str
ati
onAgency
)andToConst
ruct
a4basement
,1mezzani
ne,21f
loor
sat
otal26-
stor
yof
fi
cebui
l
ding.Wi
thTot
alFl
oor
ar
ea2,
758m2,Bui
l
tupar
ea1,
800m2&at
otalf
loorar
eaofappr
oxi
mat
ely36,
544m2.
I
ngener
al,
thepr
ojectl
ooksl
i
ket
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
agr
am:

Fi
gur
e1.
2:FDARAHeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
dingPr
ojectTempl
ate

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OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
I
ssueNo:
1 DocumentTi
tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page5of15
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Tabl
e1.
2:-Gener
alPr
ojectI
nfor
mat
ionaf
terOmi
ssi
on

Numbe I
tem Descr
ipt
ion
r
1 Pr
ojectName FDARAHeadQuat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngpr
oject
2 Pr
ojectl
ocat
ion Addi
sAbabaci
ty(
Lidet
aSub-
cit
y)
3 Rev
isedAct
ualPr
ojectCost 3,
127,
491,
214.
16ETBi
ncl
udi
ngVAT
4 Sponsor Feder
alGov
ernmentBui
ldi
ngConst
ruct
ion
5 Cl
ient Feder
alGov
ernmentBui
ldi
ngConst
ruct
ion
6 Consul
tant YohannesAbbayConsul
ti
ngAr
chi
tect
s&Engi
neer
s
7 Cont
ract
or Et
hiopi
anConst
ruct
ionWor
ksCor
por
ati
ons
8 End-
user
s FDARA(
Feder
al Document
s Aut
hent
icat
ion and Regi
str
ati
on
Agency
)
9 Appr
ovedEOT 498Day
s
10 Tot
alGr
eenAr
ea(
m2) 550m2
11 Tot
alDur
ati
ons 1546Cal
endarday
sar
eappr
ovedandEOT2i
srequest
ed
12 Tot
alFl
oorAr
ea 36,
544m2
13 commencementdat
e Nov
ember03,
2020

14 Rev
isedCompl
eti
ondat
e Januar
y27,
2025
15 Or
ginalCompl
eti
onDat
e Nov
ember03,
2024

ce:-FDARAMast
Sour erWor
k
Si
ncet
hepr
ojecti
sconst
ruct
ingt
odel
i
verapr
operandst
andar
dizedof
fi
cef
orFDARA
(
Feder
alDocument
sAut
hent
icat
ionandRegi
str
ati
onAgency
)andToConst
ructa4
basement
,1mezzani
ne,21f
loor
sat
otal26-
stor
yof
fi
cebui
l
ding.I
naddi
ti
ont
othose,
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ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
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ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
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akehol
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ati
onofFDARAHead
Page6of16
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

t
heFDARAHeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
ding st
ruct
uresont
henet
wor
k;t
hus,
the
TheScope,Cost
,Ti
meandBui
l
dingst
ruct
urehast
obedet
ermi
nedandr
evi
ewed.I
n
doi
ngso,t
heconsul
tantandt
hecont
ract
orpl
anni
nganddesi
gnt
eam col
l
abor
atedt
o
checkt
headequacyandsust
ainabi
l
ityoft
hebui
l
dingst
ruct
urest
hatsui
ttheact
ualand
exi
sti
ngsi
tecondi
ti
onsf
ort
her
evi
ewofBui
l
dingconst
ruct
ionpr
ocess.Thebui
l
dingof
t
hisar
ea,whi
chi
sfr
om t
hecompoundandadj
acentar
ea,hassi
gni
fi
cantdi
ff
erence.
Thef
oll
owi
ng scanned pi
ctur
eshowsasummar
yofmedi
um and mi
norst
ruct
ure
cr
ossi
ngs f
oreach bui
l
ding st
ruct
ure as pert
he Costand Scope r
equi
rement
s,
consi
der
ingt
heur
bani
zat
ionoft
hear
ea.I
ngener
al,
iti
simpl
ement
edaspert
hedesi
gn
consul
tant
'smi
nimum r
equi
rement
,whi
chi
saTi
me,scopeandt
hecostshoul
dbe
bal
anced.Howev
er,
ont
hedesi
gnr
evi
ew,
consi
der
ingeaseofmai
ntenance,
debr
isf
low,
andsi
l
tat
ionpr
obl
ems,
themi
nimum cr
ossi
ngpi
peshav
ebeenr
evi
sedt
oami
nimum of
52⁰ofi
ncl
i
nat
ion.

1.
3Scopeoft
hewor
k
Thescopeoft
hispr
ojecti
ncl
udesbutnotl
i
mit
edt
o:-(
Const
ruct
ionofMai
nBui
l
ding,
Si
teWor
k,Guar
dHouse,PowerHouseandFence)Ear
thwor
k,Concr
etewor
k,Masonr
y
wor
k, Met
alwor
k,Wood Pl
ast
ic and Composi
tes wor
k,Ther
maland Moi
stur
e
Pr
otect
ion,Openi
ngs,Fi
nishi
ng,Speci
alt
ies,Pl
umbi
ng,Heat
ing Vent
il
ati
ng and Ai
r
condi
ti
oni
ng,
Elect
ri
cal
,Communi
cat
ions&El
ect
roni
cSaf
etyandSecur
it
y.

I
ngener
al,
thewor
kfort
hispr
ojecti
nvol
vest
hef
oll
owi
ngbasi
cit
ems,
buti
snotl
i
mit
ed
t
o:
✓Const
ruct
ionofmai
nst
ruct
ures(
bui
l
ding,
guar
dhouse,
powerhouse,
fence)
✓ear
thwor
k
✓concr
ete,
masonr
y,met
al,
wood,
moi
stur
epr
otect
ion,
openi
ngs,
✓f
ini
shes,
plumbi
ng,
HVAC,
elect
ri
cal
,andsecur
it
ysy
stems.

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ECWC/
CPDi
/001
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OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
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ssueNo:
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tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page7of17
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

1.
4St
atementoft
hepr
obl
em
St
akehol
derpar
ti
ci
pat
ionandcol
l
abor
ati
onar
eessent
ialt
ocompl
eti
ngt
hepr
ojecton
schedul
e,wi
thi
n budget
,wi
thouti
ncur
ri
ng addi
ti
onalcost
s,and wi
th hi
gh-
qual
i
ty
del
i
ver
abl
est
hroughoutal
lphasesofconst
ruct
ion.Numer
ousr
esear
chi
nthi
sar
eahav
e
i
dent
if
iedt
hest
akehol
der
sinv
olv
edi
nthepr
oject
,exami
nedt
hei
rinf
luenceandar
easof
i
nter
est
,dev
isedst
rat
egi
esf
ori
nvol
vi
ngt
hem,
andcont
rast
edt
hei
mpactofst
akehol
der
par
ti
cipat
iononpr
ojectdel
i
ver
abi
l
ity
.Thest
akehol
derandt
hepr
ojecthav
eawi
de
r
elat
ionshi
p.I
nthecaseoft
hecommuni
tyandt
hepr
oject
,ther
eisnor
elat
ionshi
p
bet
ween t
hest
akehol
der
sand t
hepr
oject
.Thepr
ojecthasno cont
ri
but
ionsf
rom
soci
ety
,wi
tht
heexcept
ionoft
heoccasi
onalnewset
tl
er.Ther
eisgoodcommuni
cat
ion
bet
ween t
he pr
ojectand t
he cont
ract
or,orpr
ojectt
eam.Howev
er,t
he cl
i
ent
's
cooper
ati
onandser
vesasapassi
veconsul
tantf
ort
hepr
oject
.Fur
ther
mor
e,t
hesubj
ect
ofext
ernalst
akehol
derpar
ti
cipat
ioni
snotmadeexpl
i
citwi
thr
espectt
otheef
fectt
hat
i
sbei
ngexami
ned.
Ther
efor
e,t
heai
m oft
hisr
esear
chi
stoassesst
hel
evelofst
akehol
dercol
l
abor
ati
oni
n
t
heBui
l
dingconst
ruct
ionpr
ojectofFDARAHeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
ding.

1.
5Resear
chQuest
ion
 Whoi
sst
akehol
der
,inv
olv
edi
nthepr
ojecti
ssue?
 Howt
oident
if
yandanal
ysi
sst
akehol
der
?
 Whati
sther
esul
tofst
akehol
dercol
l
abor
ati
onanal
ysi
s?

1.
6Obj
ect
ivesoft
heSt
udy

1.
6.1Gener
alObj
ect
ive
Ev
aluat
ingst
akehol
dercooper
ati
oni
nroadconst
ruct
ion,asi
trel
atest
otheFDARA
HeadQuar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
l
dingconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
,ist
hest
udy
'smai
ngoal
.

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OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
I
ssueNo:
1 DocumentTi
tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
derCooper
ati
onofFDARAHead
Page8of18
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

1.
6.2Speci
fi
cObj
ect
ive
 Toi
dent
if
yst
akehol
der
sinv
olv
edi
nthepr
ojecti
ssue.
 Toi
dent
if
yandanal
yzest
akehol
der
sbasedont
hei
rinf
luenceandi
nter
est
.
 Toev
aluat
est
akehol
dercol
l
abor
ati
onwi
thi
nthepr
ojectbasedont
hei
rimpact
?

1.
7Ov
erv
iewoft
hePaperSt
ruct
ure
I
ngener
al,t
hispaperencompassesonl
ysi
xchapt
ers,namel
y,Chapt
er1,Chapt
er2,
Chapt
er3,
Chapt
er4,
chapt
er5,
andchapt
er6.
 Chapt
er1-
present
sani
ntr
oduct
iont
othest
udy
;inot
herwor
ds,t
hebackgr
ound
oft
hest
udy
,st
atementoft
hepr
obl
em,obj
ect
ivesoft
hest
udy
,and paper
quest
ionsr
elat
edt
othespeci
fi
cobj
ect
ivesoft
hest
udywer
edi
scussed.
 Chapt
er2-i
sdev
otedt
orev
iewr
elat
edl
i
ter
atur
eswi
tht
hesubj
ectmat
teroft
he
st
udy
.
 Chapt
er3-t
hischapt
erdi
scussest
hemet
hodol
ogi
esusedt
oconductt
hest
udy
.
 Chapt
er4-deal
swi
thr
esul
ts
 Chapt
er5-
deal
swi
thdi
scussi
on
 Chapt
er6-summar
y,concl
usi
onandr
ecommendat
ion.Whi
l
ether
efer
encesand
appendi
xesar
epr
esent
edatt
heendoft
hepaper
.

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OF/
ECWC/
CPDi
/001
ETHI
OPI
ANCONSTRUCTI
ONWORKSCORPORATI
ON
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tl
e: PageNo.

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akehol
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ati
onofFDARAHead
Page9of19
Quar
ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

CHAPTERTWO

2.LI
TERATUREREVI
EW

2.
1Gener
al
Pr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
onmanagementi
ncl
udest
hepr
ocessesandact
ivi
ti
est
oident
if
y,def
ine,
combi
ne,anduni
fyt
hecoor
dinat
ionandal
i
gnmentoft
hev
ari
ouspr
ojectel
ement
sand
pr
ocesseswi
thi
nthepr
ojectmanagementpr
ocessgr
oupst
oachi
eveov
erar
chi
nggoal
s.
I
nthepr
ojectmanagementcont
ext
,int
egr
ati
oni
ncl
udeschar
act
eri
sti
csofuni
fi
cat
ion,
consol
i
dat
ion,
communi
cat
ion,
and
i
nter
rel
ati
onshi
ps.I
nthel
i
ter
atur
e,schol
arsemphasi
zet
hesi
gni
fi
canceofi
ntegr
ati
ng
pr
ocesses,
stakehol
der
s,andt
echnol
ogi
esf
orpr
ojectsuccess.(
PMI
'
s)
Theseact
ionsshoul
dbeappl
i
edf
rom t
hest
artoft
hepr
ojectt
hroughcompl
eti
on.
Pr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
onmanagementi
ncl
udesmaki
ngchoi
ces

 Bal
anci
ngcompet
ingdemands

 Exami
ninganyal
ter
nat
iveappr
oaches

 Tai
l
ori
ngt
hepr
ocessest
omeett
hepr
ojectobj
ect
ivesand

 Managi
ngt
hei
nter
dependenceamongt
hepr
ojectmanagementknowl
edgear
ea

2.
2Concept
sforI
ntegr
ati
onManagement
Pr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
on managementi
s speci
fi
cto pr
ojectmanager
s.Wher
eas ot
her
knowl
edge ar
eas maybe managed byspeci
ali
sts,(
e.g.costanal
ysi
s,schedul
i
ng
speci
ali
sts,r
isk management exper
ts)
,the account
abi
l
ity of pr
oject i
ntegr
ati
on
managementcannotbedel
egat
edort
ransf
err
ed.Thepr
ojectmanageri
stheonewho
combi
nest
her
esul
tsi
nal
lot
herknowl
edgear
easandhast
heov
eral
lvi
ewoft
hepr
oject
.
Thepr
ojectmanageri
sul
ti
mat
elyr
esponsi
blef
ort
hepr
ojectasawhol
e.Pr
ojectand

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OPI
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akehol
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ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

pr
ojectmanagementar
eint
egr
ati
vebynat
ure.Forexampl
e,acostest
imat
edneeded
f
ora cont
ingency pl
an i
nvol
ves i
ntegr
ati
ng t
he pr
ocesses i
nthe pr
ojectcost
management
,pr
ojectschedul
emanagement
,andpr
ojectr
iskmanagementknowl
edge
ar
eas.Whenaddi
ti
onalr
isksassoci
atedwi
thv
ari
ousst
aff
ingal
ter
nat
ivesar
eident
if
ied,
t
henoneormor
eoft
hosepr
ocessesmayber
evi
sed.Pr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
i
sabout
:(pmbok6thedi
ti
on)
 Ensur
ingt
hatt
hedel
i
ver
abl
esduedat
esoft
hepr
oduct
,ser
vice,
orr
esul
t;pr
oject
l
i
fecy
cleandt
hebenef
it
smanagementpl
anar
eal
i
gned.
 Pr
ovi
dingapr
ojectmanagementpl
ant
oachi
evet
hepr
ojectobj
ect
ives.
 Ensur
ingt
hecr
eat
ionandt
heuseoft
heappr
opr
iat
eknowl
edget
oandf
rom t
he
pr
ojectasnecessar
y.
 Managi
ng t
he per
for
mance and changes oft
he act
ivi
ti
es i
nthe pr
oject
managementpl
an.
 Maki
ngi
ntegr
ateddeci
sionsr
egar
dingkeychangesi
mpact
ingt
hepr
oject
.
 Measur
ingandmoni
tor
ingt
hepr
ojectpr
ogr
essandt
aki
ngappr
opr
iat
eact
iont
o
meetpr
ojectobj
ect
ive.
 Col
l
ect
ingdat
aont
her
esul
tachi
evedanal
ysi
sthedat
atoobt
aini
nfor
mat
ionand
communi
cat
ingt
hisi
nfor
mat
iont
orel
evantst
akehol
der
.
 Compl
eti
ngal
lthewor
ksoft
hepr
ojectandf
ormal
l
ycl
osi
ngeachphase,
cont
ract
andt
hepr
ojectast
hewhol
e:
 Managi
ngphaset
ransi
ti
onswhennecessar
y.
The const
ruct
ion i
ndust
ryi
n Et
hiopi
aisav
italdr
iverofeconomi
c dev
elopment
,
necessi
tat
ingef
fect
ivei
ntegr
ati
onmanagementst
rat
egi
esf
orpr
ojectsuccess(
Smi
thet
al
.,2018)
.Et
hiopi
a'
sregul
ator
ylandscape,shapedbyent
it
iessuchast
heConst
ruct
ion
I
ndust
ryDev
elopmentCounci
l(CI
DC)
,pl
aysaf
undament
alr
olei
ninf
luenci
nghow
st
akehol
der
s col
l
abor
ate and i
ntegr
atet
hei
ref
for
ts(
Ethi
opi
an Mi
nist
ry ofUr
ban
Dev
elopmentand Const
ruct
ion,2016)
.Thi
sregul
ator
y cont
extunder
scor
es t
he

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OPI
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akehol
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ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

i
mpor
tance ofal
i
gni
ng i
ntegr
ati
on pr
act
ices wi
th Et
hiopi
an l
egaland i
nst
it
uti
onal
f
ramewor
kst
oensur
epr
ojectsuccess.
Cul
tur
alconsi
der
ati
onsi
nEt
hiopi
afur
theraccent
uat
etheneedf
oranuancedappr
oach
t
oint
egr
ati
onmanagement
.Ay
alew etal
.(2017)emphasi
zet
hatEt
hiopi
a'
sdi
ver
se
cul
tur
all
andscape r
equi
res car
efulat
tent
ion t
o cul
tur
alsensi
ti
vi
tyi
n managi
ng
st
akehol
derr
elat
ionshi
ps.Thi
scul
tur
alawar
enessi
scr
uci
al,asi
tdi
rect
lyi
mpact
s
communi
cat
iondy
nami
csandcol
l
abor
ati
veef
for
tsamongst
akehol
der
s.
Localcommuni
tyi
nvol
vementi
sakeyaspectofEt
hiopi
anconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s,wi
th
Gebr
eey
esusandI
de(
2018)hi
ghl
i
ght
ingt
hei
mpor
tanceofi
ncl
usi
veappr
oachest
hat
addr
esst
heneedsandconcer
nsofl
ocalcommuni
ti
es.Thi
semphasi
soncommuni
ty
engagemental
i
gnswi
thbr
oadersoci
etalgoal
s,r
ecogni
zi
ngt
hei
nter
connect
ednessof
const
ruct
ionpr
oject
swi
tht
hewel
l
-bei
ngoft
hecommuni
ti
est
heyi
mpact
.
Et
hiopi
a'
s economi
c gr
owt
hisi
ntr
icat
elyt
ied t
oinf
rast
ruct
ure dev
elopment
,and
successf
ulpr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
oni
sident
if
iedasacont
ri
but
ort
othi
sgr
owt
h(Taf
ere&
Mai
ngi
,2019)
.Under
standi
ngt
heeconomi
cimpl
i
cat
ionsofi
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
under
scor
esi
tsst
rat
egi
cimpor
tancei
n achi
evi
ng nat
ionaldev
elopmentgoal
sand
pov
ert
yreduct
ion.
Technol
ogy adopt
ion i
n Et
hiopi
an const
ruct
ion pr
oject
sisr
eshapi
ng st
akehol
der
col
l
abor
ati
on.Gebr
eegzi
abheretal
.(2020)hi
ghl
i
ghtt
het
ransf
ormat
iver
oleofdi
git
al
t
ool
sin enhanci
ng communi
cat
ion and coor
dinat
ion among st
akehol
der
s.Thi
s
under
scor
est
hepot
ent
ial
fort
echnol
ogyt
opl
ayapi
vot
alr
olei
nst
reaml
i
ningi
ntegr
ati
on
pr
ocesseswi
thi
ntheuni
quecont
extofEt
hiopi
a'
sconst
ruct
ioni
ndust
ry.
Gov
ernmenti
nvol
vement
,exempl
i
fiedbyi
nit
iat
ivesl
i
ket
heGr
owt
handTr
ansf
ormat
ion
Pl
an(
GTP)(
Mini
str
yofFi
nanceandEconomi
cDev
elopment
,2010)
,isacr
it
icalf
act
ori
n
pr
ojecti
ntegr
ati
on.Thegov
ernment
'
spol
i
ciesandst
rat
egi
cdi
rect
ionsi
nfl
uencehow
st
akehol
der
scoor
dinat
ethei
ref
for
ts,
emphasi
zi
ngt
heneedf
oral
i
gnmentwi
thnat
ional
dev
elopmentobj
ect
ives.

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OPI
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akehol
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ati
onofFDARAHead
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ter4B+G+21Of
fi
ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

Chal
l
enges uni
que t
o Et
hiopi
an const
ruct
ion pr
oject
s,such as l
i
mit
ed pr
oject
managementski
l
ls,i
nadequat
einf
rast
ruct
ure,and bur
eaucr
ati
chur
dles,hav
ebeen
i
dent
if
iedbyAdaneetal
.(2016)
.Thesechal
l
engesunder
scor
ethenecessi
tyf
ort
ail
ored
i
ntegr
ati
on st
rat
egi
es t
hat addr
ess speci
fi
c cont
ext
ual const
rai
nts and f
ost
er
successf
ulpr
ojectout
comes.
Sust
ainabl
econst
ruct
ionpr
act
icesar
egai
ningpr
omi
nencei
ntheEt
hiopi
ancont
ext
.
Dest
aetal
.(2018)hi
ghl
i
ghtt
hei
mpor
tanceofi
ntegr
ati
ngsust
ainabi
l
ityconsi
der
ati
ons
i
nto const
ruct
ion pr
oject
s,al
i
gni
ng wi
th Et
hiopi
a'
s commi
tmentt
o env
ironment
al
conser
vat
ionandsoci
alr
esponsi
bil
i
ty.Thi
sref
lect
sagr
owi
ngawar
enessoft
hel
ong-
t
ermi
mpactofpr
oject
sonbot
htheenv
ironmentandsoci
ety
.
Looki
ngahead,f
utur
eresear
chi
ntheEt
hiopi
anconst
ruct
ioni
ndust
ryshoul
dfocuson
r
efi
ningandcust
omi
zi
ngi
ntegr
ati
onmanagementst
rat
egi
es.I
nvest
igat
ingt
hei
mpact
ofemer
gingt
echnol
ogi
es,enhanci
ngst
akehol
derski
l
lst
hrought
rai
ningpr
ogr
amsand
addr
essi
ngspeci
fi
cchal
l
engesuni
quet
otheEt
hiopi
ancont
extwi
l
lcont
ri
but
etomor
e
ef
fect
ivei
ntegr
ati
oni
nconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s.Thi
scompr
ehensi
ver
evi
ew ser
vesasa
f
oundat
ionf
orunder
standi
ngt
henuancesandi
ntr
icaci
esofi
ntegr
ati
onmanagementi
n
Et
hiopi
anconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s,pr
ovi
dingi
nsi
ght
sforpr
act
it
ioner
s,pol
i
cymaker
s,and
r
esear
cher
s.

2.
3St
akehol
deri
nInt
egr
ati
onManagement
St
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
sisacr
it
ical
aspectofsuccessf
ulpr
oject
management
.Thei
dent
if
icat
ionandef
fect
ivemanagementofst
akehol
der
sar
epi
vot
al
i
n ensur
ing pr
ojectsuccess (
Smi
th etal
.,2018)
.Under
standi
ng t
he dy
nami
cs of
st
akehol
deri
nvol
vementi
s cr
uci
alf
orachi
evi
ng pr
ojectobj
ect
ives and enhanci
ng
ov
eral
lpr
ojectper
for
mance.

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OPI
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akehol
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ati
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ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

2.
3.1I
mpor
tanceandFr
amewor
ksofSt
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
St
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nvol
vesengagi
ngandmanagi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sorgr
oupswi
tha
v
est
edi
nter
esti
ntheconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
.Thesest
akehol
der
scont
ri
but
etoandar
e
af
fect
ed by pr
ojectout
comes.Schol
ars such as Tur
ner(
2017)emphasi
ze t
he
i
mpor
tanceofst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nal
i
gni
ngpr
ojectgoal
swi
tht
hei
nter
est
sof
t
hosei
nvol
ved.
Var
ioust
heor
eti
calf
ramewor
ksgui
dest
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s.
Mi
tchel
letal
.'
s(1997)st
akehol
dert
heor
y,f
ori
nst
ance,pr
ovi
desacompr
ehensi
ve
appr
oacht
ounder
standi
ngt
her
elat
ionshi
psbet
weendi
ff
erentst
akehol
der
sandt
hei
r
i
mpactonpr
ojectout
comes.

2.
3.2I
dent
if
icat
ion,
Classi
fi
cat
ionandCommuni
cat
ionf
orSt
akehol
derEngagement
Ef
fect
ivest
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
onbegi
nswi
tht
hei
dent
if
icat
ionandcl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
st
akehol
der
s.Resear
chbyCl
elandandI
rel
and(
2006)hi
ghl
i
ght
sthesi
gni
fi
canceoft
his
i
nit
ialst
epi
nest
abl
i
shi
ngaf
oundat
ionf
orsuccessf
ulcommuni
cat
ionandcol
l
abor
ati
on
t
hroughoutt
hepr
ojectl
i
fecy
cle.
Communi
cat
ionpl
aysapi
vot
alr
olei
nst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
on.Schol
arsl
i
keGr
ayand
Lar
son(
2019)emphasi
zet
heneedf
ort
ail
oredcommuni
cat
ionst
rat
egi
est
oaddr
ess
t
he di
ver
se needs and i
nter
est
s ofv
ari
ous st
akehol
der
s,f
ost
eri
ng a col
l
abor
ati
ve
env
ironment
.
St
akehol
der
sexer
tinf
luenceonpr
ojectdeci
sion-
maki
ngpr
ocesses.Fr
eeman(
2010)
ar
guest
hatunder
standi
ngandmanagi
ngst
akehol
derpowerdy
nami
csi
sessent
ialf
or
ef
fect
ivedeci
si
on-
maki
ngt
hatal
i
gnswi
thpr
ojectgoal
s.

2.
3.3Chal
lengesi
nSt
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
onandEngagementandPr
ojectSuccess
Despi
tei
tsi
mpor
tance,st
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
onf
aceschal
l
enges.Tur
nerandMül
l
er
(
2005)hi
ghl
i
ghti
ssues such as conf
li
cti
ng i
nter
est
s,r
esi
stance t
o change,and
i
nadequat
ecommuni
cat
ionascommonchal
l
engesi
nst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
ont
hatcan

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/001
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OPI
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akehol
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ati
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ter4B+G+21Of
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ceBui
ldi
ngPr
oject

i
mpedepr
ojectsuccess.
Resear
chconsi
stent
lyi
ndi
cat
esaposi
ti
vecor
rel
ati
onbet
weenef
fect
ivest
akehol
der
engagementandpr
ojectsuccess(
El-
Sabaa,2001)
.Engagedst
akehol
der
sar
emor
e
l
i
kel
ytosuppor
tthepr
ojectandcont
ri
but
eposi
ti
vel
ytoi
tsout
comes.

2.
3.4Technol
ogyandSt
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
onandConcl
usi
onFut
ureDi
rect
ions
Adv
ancement
sint
echnol
ogyhav
etr
ansf
ormedst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nconst
ruct
ion
pr
oject
s.Baccar
iniandSal
mi(
2019)di
scusshow di
git
alt
ool
sandpl
atf
ormsf
aci
l
itat
e
r
eal
-t
imecommuni
cat
ionandcol
l
abor
ati
on,enhanci
ngst
akehol
derengagementand
ov
eral
lpr
ojectef
fi
ci
ency
.
I
nconcl
usi
on,
stakehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
samul
ti
facet
edpr
ocesscr
uci
alf
orconst
ruct
ion
pr
ojectsuccess.Ast
heconst
ruct
ioni
ndust
rycont
inuest
o ev
olv
e,f
utur
eresear
ch
shoul
d expl
ore emer
ging t
echnol
ogi
es and i
nnov
ati
ve st
rat
egi
es t
o ov
ercome
chal
l
engesandenhancest
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
onf
ori
mpr
ovedpr
ojectout
comes.

2.
3.5St
akehol
derCol
labor
ati
on,
Deci
sion-
Maki
ngandEngagementModel
s
Col
l
abor
ati
on among st
akehol
der
sis essent
ialf
or ef
fect
ive deci
sion-
maki
ng i
n
const
ruct
ionpr
oject
s(Jugdev&Mül
l
er,2005)
.Col
l
abor
ati
vedeci
sion-
maki
ngensur
es
t
hatt
hedi
ver
seper
spect
ivesandexper
ti
seofst
akehol
der
sar
econsi
der
ed,l
eadi
ngt
o
mor
einf
orm andwel
l
-roundedpr
ojectdeci
sions.
Var
iousst
akehol
derengagementmodel
shav
ebeenpr
oposedt
ogui
det
hei
ntegr
ati
on
pr
ocess.TheSt
akehol
derCi
rcl
emodelbyKendal
land Rol
l
ins(
2003)emphasi
zes
cont
inuous engagementand communi
cat
ion,pr
ovi
ding a sy
stemat
ic appr
oach t
o
managi
ngst
akehol
derr
elat
ionshi
pst
hroughoutt
hepr
ojectl
i
fecy
cle.

2.
3.6 Consi
der
ati
onsi
nInt
egr
ati
on,Legaland Et
hicalDi
mensi
onsofSt
akehol
der
Management
Cr
oss-
cul
tur
alaspect
ssi
gni
fi
cant
lyi
mpactst
akehol
deri
nter
act
ionsi
n const
ruct
ion
pr
oject
s(Ahi
aga-
Dagbui & Smi
th,2019)
. Recogni
zi
ng and addr
essi
ng cul
tur
al
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oject

di
ff
erencesamongst
akehol
der
siscr
uci
alf
orf
ost
eri
ngef
fect
ivecommuni
cat
ionand
col
l
abor
ati
on.
St
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nvol
vesnav
igat
ingl
egalandet
hicaldi
mensi
ons.Tur
nerand
Keegan (
2001)ar
gue t
hatunder
standi
ng t
he l
egaland et
hicalr
esponsi
bil
i
ties of
st
akehol
der
sisv
italt
opr
eventconf
li
ctsandensur
ethepr
ojectal
i
gnswi
thet
hical
st
andar
ds.

2.
3.7 St
akehol
derSat
isf
act
ion,Pr
ojectOut
comesand Communi
tyEngagementi
n
Const
ruct
ionPr
oject
s
Sat
isf
yingst
akehol
der
sisl
i
nkedt
opr
ojectsuccess.Br
ydeetal
.(2013)hi
ghl
i
ghtt
hat
under
standi
ngandmeet
ingst
akehol
derexpect
ati
onscont
ri
but
etohi
gherl
evel
sof
sat
isf
act
ion,
posi
ti
vel
yimpact
ingpr
ojectout
comes.
Const
ruct
ionpr
oject
sof
tenhav
ebr
oaderi
mpact
sonl
ocalcommuni
ti
es.I
nvest
igat
ing
t
her
oleofcommuni
tyengagementi
nst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
on,Ranasi
ngheetal
.(2018)
emphasi
zet
hei
mpor
tanceofi
nvol
vi
ngl
ocalcommuni
ti
est
oensur
ethei
rneedsar
e
consi
der
edandaddr
essed.

2.
3.8St
akehol
derConf
li
ctResol
uti
onSt
rat
egi
esandI
nfl
uenceonPr
ojectScope
St
akehol
derconf
li
ctsar
einev
itabl
einconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s(Cl
eland& Ki
ng,2007)
.
Exami
ningst
rat
egi
esf
oref
fect
iveconf
li
ctr
esol
uti
on,Suchman(
1995)emphasi
zest
he
r
oleofnegot
iat
ionandcompr
omi
sei
nmanagi
ngconf
li
cti
ngst
akehol
deri
nter
est
s.
St
akehol
der
shav
eaconsi
der
abl
einf
luenceondef
ini
ngandal
ter
ingpr
ojectscope
(
Freeman& McVea,2001)
.Recogni
zi
ngandmanagi
ngt
hisi
nfl
uencei
scr
uci
alf
or
mai
ntai
ningpr
ojectf
ocusandpr
event
ingscopecr
eep.

2.
3.9 St
akehol
der Tr
aini
ng and Dev
elopment and Cont
inuous I
mpr
ovement i
n
St
akehol
derI
ntegr
ati
on
Ensur
ingt
hatst
akehol
der
sar
eequi
ppedwi
tht
henecessar
yski
l
lsandknowl
edgei
s
cr
uci
alf
oref
fect
ivei
ntegr
ati
on (
Smi
th etal
.,2020)
.Pr
ovi
ding t
rai
ning pr
ogr
ams
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akehol
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oject

enhancesst
akehol
dercapabi
l
iti
es,f
aci
l
itat
ingt
hei
ract
iveandi
nfor
medpar
ti
cipat
ioni
n
t
hepr
oject
.
St
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
sani
ter
ati
vepr
ocesst
hatr
equi
rescont
inuousi
mpr
ovement
(
Ker
zner
,2017)
.Regul
arl
yassessi
ng and r
efi
ning i
ntegr
ati
on st
rat
egi
es based on
f
eedbackandpr
ojectexper
iencescont
ri
but
est
oenhancedst
akehol
derr
elat
ionshi
ps
andpr
ojectsuccess.
Thi
sext
endedl
i
ter
atur
erev
iew pr
ovi
desamor
ecompr
ehensi
veov
erv
iew ofv
ari
ous
aspect
sofst
akehol
deri
ntegr
ati
oni
nconst
ruct
ionpr
oject
s,i
ncor
por
ati
ngaddi
ti
onal
di
mensi
onsandper
spect
ivesf
rom t
heexi
sti
ngbodyofl
i
ter
atur
e.Adj
ust
ment
scanbe
madebasedony
ourspeci
fi
cpr
efer
encesorr
equi
rement
s.

2.
4Impor
tanceandBenef
it
sofEf
fect
iveI
ntegr
ati
onManagement
Al
laspect
soft
he const
ruct
ion scopeand subsequentconst
ruct
ion act
ivi
ti
escan
i
mpactt
hemov
e-i
ndat
eandf
inalcostt
otheowner
.Mai
ntai
ningt
het
ri
pleconst
rai
nts,
bal
anci
ngst
akehol
deri
nter
est
s,andv
ali
dat
ingdeci
sionsi
nsi
decont
ract
ualagr
eement
s
atapacet
hatwi
l
lnotcausef
urt
herdel
aysorl
eadt
ohi
ghercost
sbecomei
mpor
tant
r
esponsi
bil
i
tiesoft
heconst
ruct
ionpr
ojectmanager
.Ef
fect
ivenessandef
fi
ciencywi
thi
n
t
hepr
ojectpl
anar
edependentoni
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
.
Theneedf
ori
ncr
easedcommuni
cat
ionandt
ranspar
ency
,coupl
edwi
tht
imel
yand
ef
fi
cientdeci
sion-
maki
ng,
makescol
l
abor
ati
onacr
it
icalt
echni
quewhencount
eri
ngt
he
ef
fect
sofpr
ojectcompl
exi
ty.Someoft
hebenef
it
sofi
ntegr
ati
onmanagementi
ncl
ude:
 Hel
pst
ounder
standhowapr
ojectwi
l
lint
eractwi
tht
heor
gani
zat
ioni
tissi
tuat
ed
i
n;andext
ernalpar
ti
est
oenabl
eapr
ojectmanagercommandori
nfl
uencet
he
acqui
si
ti
onofi
nput
srequi
red.
 Thr
oughl
i
nki
ngal
lact
ivi
ti
esandt
heappl
i
cabl
eknowl
edgear
eas,
ithel
pst
omake
bestpossi
blepl
anni
ngandexecut
ion.
 I
ntegr
ati
oni
sthekeyt
oal
lot
herpr
ojectmanagementknowl
edgear
eas.Asi
tis
aboutmanagi
ngt
hei
nter
act
ions/
inf
luences/ofal
lst
akehol
der
stoensur
ethat

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akehol
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oject

t
her
equi
rement
sar
emet
.
 Enabl
esapr
ojectmanagermakessur
ethatt
heobj
ect
ivesar
emetwi
thi
nthe
appr
opr
iat
eti
meandcost
,byopt
imi
zi
ngi
nterr
elat
edpr
ocessesandt
hei
rimpact
oneachot
her
.

2.
5TheRol
eoft
hePr
ojectManageri
nPer
for
mingI
ntegr
ati
on
Ther
oleoft
hepr
ojectmanageri
stwof
oldwhenper
for
mingi
ntegr
ati
onont
hepr
oject
:
 Pr
ojectmanager
s pl
ay a key r
olei
n wor
king wi
tht
he pr
ojectsponsort
o
under
standt
hest
rat
egi
cobj
ect
ivesandensur
etheal
i
gnmentoft
hepr
oject
obj
ect
ivesandr
esul
tswi
tht
hoseoft
hepor
tfol
i
o,pr
ogr
am,andbusi
nessar
eas.
I
nthi
swaypr
ojectmanagercont
ri
but
etot
hei
ntegr
ati
onandexecut
ionoft
he
st
rat
egy
.
 Pr
ojectmanager
sar
eresponsi
blef
orgui
dingt
het
eam t
owor
ktoget
hert
ofocus
onwhati
sreal
l
yessent
ialatt
hepr
ojectl
evel
.Thi
sisachi
evedt
hrought
he
i
ntegr
ati
onofpr
ocess,
knowl
edge,
andpeopl
e.
Forapr
ojectmanager
,int
egr
ati
ont
hatt
akespl
aceatt
hreedi
ff
erentl
evel
s:t
hepr
ocess,
cogni
ti
ve,andcont
extl
evel
.Ef
fect
ivepr
ocess-
lev
eli
ntegr
ati
oni
sgr
eat
lyf
aci
l
itat
edby
embr
aci
ngasy
stem t
hinki
ngappr pmbok6thedi
oach.( ti
on)

2.
5.1Sy
stem Thi
nki
ng
Sy
stem t
hinki
ngi
sacr
it
icalconcepti
npr
ojectmanagementt
hatemphasi
svi
ewi
nga
pr
ojectasacompl
exsy
stem wi
thi
nter
connect
edandi
nter
dependentcomponent
s.I
t
i
nvol
vesunder
standi
nghowchangest
oonepar
toft
hesy
stem cani
mpactot
herpar
ts
andt
hepr
ojectasawhol
e.Sy
stemst
hinki
ngencour
agepr
ojectmanager
stoanal
yze
t
hebr
oadercont
ext
,ident
if
yrel
ati
onshi
ps,andconsi
dert
hepot
ent
ialconsequencesof
deci
si
onsacr
osst
heent
ir
epr
ojectl
i
fecy
cle.Byadopt
ingsy
stemst
hinki
ngappr
oaches,
pr
ojectmanager
scanbet
terant
ici
pat
eri
sksmakei
nfor
meddeci
sionsandi
mpl
ement
hol
i
sti
cst
rat
egi
est
hataddr
essacr
ossbot
himmedi
ateandl
ong-
ter
m pr
ojectgoalwhi
l
e

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akehol
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oject

t
aki
ngi
ntoaccountt
hebr
oaderor
gani
zat
ionalandenv
ironment
alf
act
ors.Toef
fect
ivel
y
managepr
ojectact
ivi
ti
esand exer
tinf
luenceov
ert
hem,i
t’
shel
pfult
o cat
egor
ize
pr
ocessi
ntot
hreepr
imar
ydomai
ns:
 Thepr
ojecti
tsel
f
 Themai
nof
fi
ce,
and
 Ext
ernal
par
ti
es
I
dent
if
yingt
hesepr
ocesses,t
hei
rrespect
iveowner
s,andt
hei
rti
mingi
spar
amount
.
Subsequent
ly,wecanexpl
oret
heopt
imalmet
hodsf
ori
ntegr
ati
ngt
hem har
moni
ousl
y
t
oachi
evet
hedesi
redout
comesatt
her
ightmoment
s.Thi
sint
egr
ati
onpr
inci
plehol
ds
t
ruef
oral
lst
agesofapr
oject
,fr
om i
ncept
iont
ocompl
eti
on,ensur
ingt
hatt
hei
nput
changes/conv
ersat
ion-
outputpr
ocessf
unct
ionseaml
essl
y,bot
hwi
thi
nthei
nter
nal
andext
ernal
chai Pmbok7thedi
ns.( ti
on)

2.
5.2Ski
ll
sRequi
redf
orPr
ojectManager
Thet
hreedi
mensi
onsofcompet
encyaddr
essedi
nthepr
ojectmanagercompet
ence
dev
elopmentf
ramewor
kar
e:
 Knowl
edgecompet
ence:-demonst
rat
edbyt
heassessmentandi
saboutt
he
appl
i
cat
ionofpr
ocess,
tool
sandt
echni
quesf
orpr
ojectact
ivi
ti
es.
 Per
for
mance compet
ence:-
demonst
rat
ed byt
he pr
ojectact
ivi
ti
esand t
hei
r
out
comes,
howt
hepr
ojectmanager
 Per
sonalcompet
ence:-demonst
rat
ed byassessi
ng t
he pr
ojectmanager
’s
behav
ior
,thei
rat
ti
tudes,
andcor
eper
sonal
i
tychar
act
eri
sti
cs.
I
ntegr
ati
on management r
equi
res; a f
airl
evel of knowl
edge and exper
ience,
under
standi
ngoft
her
oles/I
nfl
uences/ofeachpar
tyi
nvol
vedi
nthepr
ocess,pl
anni
ng,
communi
cat
ion,l
eader
shi
ping,negot
iat
ion,pr
obl
em sol
vi
ng,knowl
edgeofact
ivi
ti
es
i
nvol
ved,
ident
if
yconst
rai
ntandchal
l
engesandbenef
it Pmbok6thedi
s.( ti
on)

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akehol
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ngPr
oject

2.
6Ident
if
icat
ionofGapsi
nCur
rentKnowl
edge
Todi
rectf
utur
eresear
chpaperef
for
tsandaddr
esscer
tai
nar
easwher
eunder
standi
ng
i
slacki
ng,i
tisi
mper
ati
vet
oident
if
ygapsi
nthecur
rentknowl
edgeoni
ntegr
ati
on
managementi
nbui
l
dingpr
oject
s.Thef
oll
owi
ngar
epossi
blegapsi
ntheFDARAHead
Quat
er4B+G+21Of
fi
cebui
l
dingPr
ojectt
hatneedt
obei
nvest
igat
edf
urt
her
;St
akehol
der
sat
isf
act
ionmet
ri
cshav
enotbeensuf
fi
cient
lyi
nvest
igat
ed,gov
ernmenti
nter
vent
ion
has notbeen t
hor
oughl
y exami
ned,t
her
e has been l
i
ttl
e emphasi
s on bui
l
ding
st
akehol
dercapaci
ty.

2.
7Concept
ualFr
amewor
k
Theconcept
ualf
ramewor
kisbasi
cal
l
yimpor
tantt
otheengagementofst
akehol
dert
he
pr
oject
.Cur
rentst
udyputupaconcept
ualr
esear
chmodelbasedonar
evi
ew oft
he
subst
ant
ial
li
ter
atur
eper
tai
ningt
othei
mpactofcor
por
atecul
tur
e.I
til
l
ust
rat
edonf
igur
e
2.
3.

Fi
gur
e2.
3Int
eract
ionofst
akehol
derandcommuni
cat
ionknowl
edgear
ea

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oject

CHAPTERTHREE

3.METHODOLOGY

3.
1Expl
anat
ionoft
hePaperDesi
gn
Thest
udyi
sgoi
ngt
ousequal
i
tat
ivemet
hodol
ogi
es.Thi
squal
i
tat
iver
esear
chpaper
expl
orest
hei
ntr
icat
edy
nami
csofst
akehol
dercooper
ati
onwi
thi
naspeci
fi
cpr
oject
cont
ext
.Adopt
ingacase
st
udydesi
gn,t
hest
udyai
mst
odel
vei
ntot
hedept
handnuancesofcol
l
abor
ati
on
amongdi
ver
sest
akehol
dergr
oupsi
nvol
vedi
nthepr
oject
.Ther
esear
chpaperbegi
ns
wi
thanext
ensi
ver
evi
ew ofexi
sti
ngl
i
ter
atur
eoni
ntegr
ati
onmanagement
,dr
awi
ng
i
nsi
ght
sfr
om bot
htheor
eti
calf
ramewor
ksandpr
evi
ousqual
i
tat
ivest
udi
es.Par
ti
cipant
s
ar
epur
posef
ull
ysel
ect
edt
oensur
erepr
esent
ati
onf
rom v
ari
ousst
akehol
dercat
egor
ies,
f
ost
eri
ng a compr
ehensi
ve expl
orat
ion oft
hei
rper
cept
ionsand exper
iences.Dat
a
col
l
ect
ionmet
hodsencompasssemi
-st
ruct
uredi
nter
views,f
ocusgr
oupdi
scussi
ons,
di
rectpr
ojectobser
vat
ions,andpr
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