Java Objects Explained
What is an Object in Java?
An object is a fundamental unit in Java programming. It represents an instance of a
class, bundling together data (fields) and behaviors (methods).
Objects model real-world entities (e.g., a Car , a Student ).
Each object has a unique identity, state, and behavior.
Relationship Between Classes and Objects
A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects.
An object is a specific instance of a class.
Example:
class Car {
String color;
int speed;
void drive() {
System.out.println("The car is driving.");
}
}
// Creating objects from the Car class
Car myCar = new Car();
myCar.color = "Red";
myCar.speed = 120;
myCar.drive(); // Output: The car is driving.
How to Create and Use Objects
1. Define a class: The template for objects.
2. Instantiate objects: Using the new keyword.
3. Access fields and methods: With the . operator.
Example:
class Student {
String name;
int age;
void study() {
System.out.println(name + " is studying.");
}
}
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.name = "Alice";
student1.age = 20;
student1.study(); // Output: Alice is studying.
Key Concepts
Encapsulation
Objects encapsulate data and methods.
Fields are often made private and accessed via public methods
(getters/setters).
Example:
class Account {
private double balance;
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
}
}
Identity, State, and Behavior
Identity: Unique reference in memory.
State: Values of object fields.
Behavior: Methods that operate on state.
Summary
Objects are central to Java’s object-oriented paradigm.
They are instances of classes, encapsulating data and behavior.
Understanding objects is key to writing effective Java programs.
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