A

Seminar Report
On
5G TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON
IOT

By
AKSHAY JAIN

DEPARTMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

M.L.V. Textile & Engineering College
Pratap Nagar, Pur Road
Bhilwara (Raj.) India
PIN : 311001

Year 2025-26
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that seminar work entitled “5G Technology and its impact on IOT” is a bonafide
work carried out in the 7th Semester by “Akshay Jain” in partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology from M.L.V. Textile & Engineering College,
Bhilwara (Raj.) during the academic year 2025-2026.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Seminar Coordinator Head of Department
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have guided and
supported me throughout the preparation of this seminar report.

First and foremost, I am deeply thankful to Anurag Jagetia, Head of the Department of
Information Technology, M.L.V. Textile & Engineering College, Bhilwara, for providing me
with the facilities and encouragement to carry out this work.

I owe my heartfelt thanks to my Seminar Coordinator Nidhi Surana , for her constant guidance,
valuable suggestions, and constructive feedback that greatly helped me in improving the quality
of my report.

I am also thankful to all the faculty members of the Department of Information Technology for
their motivation, cooperation, and for creating a learning environment that inspired me to
complete this seminar successfully.

Without the contribution of the department and the institution, this seminar report would not
have been possible.

Akshay Jain
BTech(I.T.) VII Sem
 INDEX PAGE

Topic Page Page No.

1. Introduction: The 5G Technology 1

1.1 Background
1.2 Evolution of mobile communication (1G to 5G)
1.3 Objectives of 5G
1.4 Need for 5G Technology
2. Technical Overview of 5G Technology 3

2.1 5G Network Architecture

• 5G New Radio (NR)
• 5G Core Network
• Key Components of 5G Architecture
2.2 Key Features of 5G Technology
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
• Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC)
• Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)
2.3 Enabling Technologies of 5G
• Millimeter Waves (mmWave)
• Massive MIMO
• Beamforming
• Network Slicing
• Edge Computing

3. Applications of 5G Technology 5
3.1 Applications in Various Domains
3.1.1 Healthcare and Telemedicine
3.1.2 Transportation and Autonomous Vehicles
3.1.3 Smart Cities and IoT
 3.1.4 Industry and Manufacturing (Industry 4.0)
3.1.5 Education and Remote Learning
3.1.6 Entertainment and Media
3.1.7 Agriculture
3.2 Future Prospects of 5G Applications
4. Advantages, Limitations, and Challenges of 5G Technology 8
4.1 Advantages of 5G Technology
4.2 Limitations of 5G Technology
4.3 Challenges in Implementation
5. Impact of 5G on the Internet of Things (IoT) 10
5.1 Role of 5G in Enabling IoT
5.2 Challenges in 5G-Enabled IoT
6. Future Scope of 5G Technology 12
6.1 Future Advancements with 5G
6.2 Global Impact of 5G
7. Conclusion 14
8. Bibliography 15
1. Introduction:

1.1 Background

• The world is becoming increasingly dependent on wireless communication

technologies. From personal mobile devices to large-scale industrial automation,
communication systems are the backbone of the modern digital economy.

• The demand for higher data rates, reduced latency, and seamless connectivity has led
to the evolution of cellular technology from 1G to 4G, and now to 5G.

• Fifth Generation (5G) wireless technology is not merely an incremental upgrade but a
paradigm shift that enables ultra-reliable, high-speed, and intelligent communication
systems.

1.2 Evolution of Mobile Communication (1G to 5G)

• 1G (1980s): Introduced analog voice communication; provided only basic voice calls
with poor quality and low capacity.
• 2G (1990s): Shift to digital communication; introduced SMS, MMS, and basic data
services with improved security.
• 3G (2000s): Enabled mobile internet, video calling, and multimedia applications with
higher data rates (up to 2 Mbps).
• 4G (2010s): Brought high-speed internet (up to 100 Mbps), HD video streaming,
online gaming, and global connectivity through LTE.
• 5G (2020 onwards): Focuses on ultra-high speed (up to 10 Gbps), ultra-low latency
(1 ms), massive device connectivity, and intelligent network management. It is the
foundation for IoT, smart cities, autonomous systems, and next-generation industrial
solutions.
1.3 Objectives of 5G

• To provide ultra-fast data transfer rates up to 10 Gbps.

• To ensure ultra-low latency (as low as 1 ms) for real-time applications.
• To support massive connectivity for billions of IoT devices.
• To enable energy-efficient and spectrum-efficient communication.
• To enhance user experience with seamless and reliable connections.
• To serve as a platform for emerging technologies like AI, VR/AR, and autonomous
systems.

1.4 Need for 5G Technology

• Although 4G LTE provides high data speeds, it struggles to meet the ever-growing
demand for real-time applications and massive device interconnectivity.
• Technologies like autonomous driving, remote healthcare, industrial automation,
and augmented reality require extremely low latency and high reliability, which
earlier generations cannot provide. Therefore, 5G has become essential to bridge this
technological gap.
2. Technical Overview of 5G Technology

• 5G is not just an extension of 4G but a new network architecture that integrates

advanced radio technologies, intelligent core networks, and cloud-based services.
• It uses innovative methods like millimeter waves, massive MIMO, beamforming,
and network slicing to meet diverse requirements of applications ranging from high-
speed mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communication.

2.1 5G Network Architecture

The architecture of 5G can be broadly divided into two main parts:

1. 5G New Radio (NR):
• Operates in sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave bands (30–300 GHz).
• Provides high bandwidth and supports both indoor and outdoor communication.
2. 5G Core Network:
• Based on cloud-native, software-defined, and service-based architecture
(SBA).
• Supports network slicing to deliver customized services (e.g., high bandwidth for
video streaming, low latency for autonomous driving).
Key Components of 5G Architecture:
• User Equipment (UE): Mobile phones, IoT devices, sensors.
• Radio Access Network (RAN): Includes small cells, macro cells, and massive MIMO
antennas.
• 5G Core (5GC): Manages mobility, authentication, and service delivery.
• Edge Computing: Brings data processing closer to the user, reducing latency.

2.2 Key Features of 5G Technology

1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB):

• Provides ultra-high data rates (up to 10 Gbps).
• Supports UHD video streaming, VR, and AR.
 2. Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC):
• Reduces latency to ~1 ms.
• Critical for remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and industrial robotics.
3. Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC):
• Enables connectivity for billions of IoT devices.
• Ensures energy-efficient communication with low data rates.

2.3 Enabling Technologies of 5G

1. Millimeter Waves (mmWave):

• Operates between 30 GHz to 300 GHz frequency.
• Provides large bandwidth and faster speeds.
• Limitation: Short range, affected by obstacles.
2. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output):
• Uses hundreds of antennas to improve capacity and coverage.
• Supports multiple users simultaneously without interference.
3. Beamforming:
• Directs signals towards a specific user/device instead of broadcasting in all
directions.
• Improves efficiency and reduces signal loss.
4. Network Slicing:
• Virtual partitioning of a single physical network into multiple logical networks.
• Each slice serves a specific application (e.g., healthcare, smart factories,
entertainment).
5. Edge Computing:
• Brings computation and storage closer to the user.
• Reduces latency and supports real-time applications.
 3. Applications of 5G Technology

5G is not limited to providing faster internet for mobile phones; it is a transformational

technology that supports innovations across multiple domains. With features like ultra-
high speed, ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and high reliability, 5G opens the
door to next-generation applications in healthcare, transportation, education, smart cities,
manufacturing, and entertainment.

3.1 Applications in Various Domains

3.1.1 Healthcare and Telemedicine

• Enables remote surgeries with robotic instruments controlled in real time.

• Provides telemedicine services where doctors can diagnose and treat patients remotely.

• Facilitates continuous monitoring of patients using wearable IoT devices.

• Improves emergency response by enabling real-time transmission of medical data.

3.1.2 Transportation and Autonomous Vehicles

• 5G supports Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)

communication.

• Enhances the development of self-driving cars with instant response to traffic signals,
pedestrians, and road conditions.

• Enables smart traffic management systems that reduce congestion and accidents.

• Provides real-time navigation updates for safer travel.

3.1.3 Smart Cities and IoT

• Connects millions of sensors and smart devices for better management of resources.

• Supports smart energy grids, water management, and waste disposal systems.

• Improves public safety through real-time surveillance and emergency alert systems.

• Enhances urban mobility with smart parking, connected streetlights, and automated traffic
control.

3.1.4 Industry and Manufacturing (Industry 4.0)

• Enables smart factories with real-time monitoring of machinery and processes.

• Supports Industrial IoT (IIoT) for predictive maintenance, reducing downtime.

• Facilitates automation and robotics in manufacturing lines.

• Enhances supply chain management with instant tracking and logistics optimization.

3.1.5 Education and Remote Learning

• Provides seamless online education with VR/AR-based immersive classrooms.

• Supports virtual labs and interactive learning experiences.

• Enables collaboration across borders through ultra-high-quality video conferencing.

• Reduces the digital divide by providing high-speed internet in rural areas.

3.1.6 Entertainment and Media

• Provides ultra-HD and 4K/8K video streaming without buffering.

• Enhances cloud gaming and eSports with real-time, lag-free experiences.

 • Enables augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) for immersive experiences.

• Supports live events broadcasting with multiple angles and instant replays.

3.1.7 Agriculture

• Facilitates smart farming with IoT sensors for soil, crop, and weather monitoring.

• Enables drone-based surveillance and spraying for precision agriculture.

• Provides data-driven insights for improving crop yields and resource management.

3.2: Future Prospects of 5G Applications

The scope of 5G is continuously expanding. In the future, it is expected to:

• Enable fully automated smart cities.
• Support holographic communication for real-life virtual meetings.
• Integrate with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for intelligent
decision-making in industries.
• Play a vital role in the metaverse, where people interact in virtual world
 4. Advantages, Limitations, and Challenges of 5G Technology

While 5G technology offers remarkable improvements in terms of speed, latency, and

connectivity, it also faces technical, economic, and social challenges. To understand its real
impact, it is important to analyze both the advantages and the limitations of this next-generation
network.

4.1 Advantages of 5G Technology

1. High Data Rates

o Offers speeds up to 10 Gbps, nearly 100 times faster than 4G.
o Enables seamless UHD video streaming, AR/VR, and cloud gaming.
2. Ultra-Low Latency
o Reduces latency to ~1 millisecond, crucial for real-time applications like remote
surgery, robotics, and autonomous driving.
3. Massive Device Connectivity
o Supports millions of devices per square kilometer, enabling widespread IoT and
smart city applications.
4. Improved Spectrum Efficiency
o Uses millimeter waves and advanced antenna technologies to maximize
spectrum usage.
5. Reliability and Energy Efficiency
o Ensures stable connections for mission-critical applications.
o Energy-efficient design supports long-lasting IoT devices and sensors.
6. Support for Emerging Technologies
o Acts as an enabler for AI, machine learning, Industry 4.0, cloud computing, and
the metaverse.

4.3 Limitations of 5G Technology

 1. Limited Coverage
o Millimeter waves have short range and poor penetration through walls, buildings,
or obstacles.
o Requires dense network of small cells, increasing deployment complexity.
2. High Infrastructure Cost
o Upgrading from 4G to 5G requires massive investment in base stations, spectrum
licenses, and fiber backhaul networks.
3. Device Compatibility
o Only 5G-enabled devices can access the network, making it expensive for users to
upgrade.
4. Battery Consumption
o 5G devices may initially consume more power due to complex signal processing.
5. Health Concerns
o Public debates exist regarding radiation effects of high-frequency waves, though
no conclusive scientific evidence yet supports major health risks.

4.4 Challenges in Implementation

1. Spectrum Allocation
o Governments need to allocate and manage new spectrum bands (sub-6 GHz and
mmWave), which can be politically and economically challenging.
2. Security and Privacy Risks
o With billions of IoT devices connected, the risk of cyber-attacks, hacking, and
data breaches increases significantly.
3. Standardization Issues
o Different countries and telecom operators follow different standards, which can
slow down global interoperability.
4. Rural Deployment
o High cost and limited returns make 5G rollout in rural and remote areas more
difficult.
5. Environmental Impact
o Deployment of millions of small cells increases energy consumption and may
raise sustainability concerns.
5. Impact of 5G on the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate and
exchange data without human intervention. With applications in smart homes, smart cities,
healthcare, agriculture, and industry, IoT has become a key driver of digital transformation.
However, existing networks like 4G often struggle to support the massive scale, reliability, and
real-time requirements of IoT.
5G technology is a game-changer for IoT, as it provides ultra-high connectivity, low latency,
and energy efficiency, enabling billions of devices to function seamlessly.

5.1 Role of 5G in Enabling IoT

1. Massive Connectivity

• 5G can support up to 1 million devices per square kilometer, essential for IoT ecosystems
where sensors and devices are densely deployed.

2. Ultra-Low Latency

• Real-time IoT applications such as autonomous vehicles, industrial robots, and remote
surgeries require latency as low as 1 ms, which only 5G can provide.

3. High Bandwidth

• IoT applications like smart surveillance, AR/VR-based healthcare, and industrial

monitoring demand high-speed data transfer, supported by 5G’s large bandwidth.

4. Network Slicing for IoT

• 5G allows creation of dedicated virtual networks (slices) for specific IoT applications.

• Example: A smart factory can have a dedicated low-latency slice, while a smart meter can
use a low-power slice.

5. Energy Efficiency
• IoT devices often run on small batteries. 5G optimizes communication protocols to reduce
power consumption, extending device lifetime.

5.2 Challenges in 5G-Enabled IoT

• Security Risks: Billions of IoT devices increase the chance of hacking and data theft.

• Infrastructure Cost: Large-scale deployment of 5G towers and IoT devices requires

significant investment.

• Interoperability Issues: Different manufacturers use different IoT standards, making

integration complex.

• Energy Demands of Networks: While devices may save energy, running large 5G networks
increases overall power consumption.
6. Future Scope of 5G Technology

5G technology is still in its early stages of deployment across the world. While it already
provides faster internet and better connectivity, its true potential lies in transforming industries,
cities, and daily life. The future scope of 5G goes beyond communication — it will serve as the
backbone of the digital era, integrating with technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, AR/VR,
robotics, and quantum computing.

6.1 Future Advancements with 5G

1. Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning

• 5G networks will leverage AI for self-optimizing networks, traffic management,
and predictive maintenance.
• Smart IoT devices will make intelligent, real-time decisions.
2. Support for 6G Development
• Research is already underway for 6G, expected by 2030.
• 5G will act as the foundation and testing ground for future communication
systems.
3. Expansion of Smart Cities
• Widespread deployment of 5G-enabled IoT sensors will improve urban
infrastructure, transportation, energy management, and waste control.
4. Healthcare Revolution
• 5G will enhance Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with advanced telemedicine,
AI-powered diagnosis, and remote robotic surgeries becoming routine.
5. Immersive Technologies (AR/VR and Metaverse)
• Ultra-low latency will power metaverse platforms, virtual workplaces, and
immersive education systems.
• VR-based classrooms and training environments will become common.
6. Autonomous Transportation Systems
• 5G will support driverless cars, drones, and smart logistics.
 • Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication will make transportation safer and
more efficient.
7. Industrial and Agricultural Automation
• Expansion of Industry 4.0 with fully automated factories.
• Smart agriculture with AI + IoT + 5G will ensure higher productivity and
sustainability.

6.2 Global Impact of 5G

• Economic Growth: 5G is expected to contribute trillions of dollars to the global

economy by enabling new industries and services.

• Digital Inclusivity: Extending high-speed connectivity to rural and remote areas can
reduce the digital divide.
• Environmental Sustainability: Smart energy grids and optimized resource
management will promote eco-friendly practices
7. Conclusion

The evolution of mobile communication from 1G to 5G has been marked by tremendous

improvements in speed, reliability, and connectivity. Unlike its predecessors, 5G is not just an
upgrade in bandwidth, but a revolutionary technology that enables a wide range of applications such
as smart cities, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, immersive education, and
entertainment.
The report discussed:
• The background and evolution of 5G technology (Chapter 1).
• The technical overview and enabling technologies like millimeter waves, massive MIMO,
beamforming, and network slicing (Chapter 2).
• The applications of 5G across various domains (Chapter 3).
• The advantages, limitations, and challenges of 5G (Chapter 4).
• The impact of 5G on IoT and its ability to connect billions of devices seamlessly (Chapter 5).
• The future scope of 5G as a foundation for AI-driven networks, smart cities, and immersive
technologies (Chapter 6).
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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