A car engine is composed of numerous parts that work together to convert fuel into the

energy that moves the vehicle. Key components include the cylinder block, cylinder head,
crankcase, oil pan, manifolds, gaskets, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, crankshaft,
camshaft, flywheel, and engine valves. These parts, along with the timing
system and cooling system, work in concert to ensure the engine's operation.
This video provides an overview of the main engine parts and their functions, starting with
the cylinder block:

1m

The Engineers Post

YouTube · Apr 17, 2021

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Core Components:
 Cylinder Block:
The foundation of the engine, housing the cylinders, pistons, and crankshaft.
 Cylinder Head:
Attached to the cylinder block, it contains the combustion chambers and valve train.
 Crankcase:
Forms the lower part of the engine housing, holding the crankshaft and other rotating parts.
 Oil Pan:
Located at the bottom of the crankcase, it stores the engine oil.
 Manifolds:
These are intake and exhaust manifolds that manage the flow of air and exhaust gases.
 Gaskets:
Sealing materials used throughout the engine to prevent leaks of oil, coolant, or combustion
gases.
Moving Parts:
 Pistons:
 Reciprocating components that move up and down within the cylinders, driven by combustion
pressure.
 Piston Rings:
Seals between the piston and cylinder wall, preventing leaks and maintaining compression.
 Connecting Rods:
Connect the pistons to the crankshaft, transferring the reciprocating motion to rotational
motion.
 Crankshaft:
Converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion, powering the vehicle.
 Camshaft:
Controls the opening and closing of engine valves, coordinating with the crankshaft via the
timing system.
 Flywheel:
A heavy disc that smooths out the engine's rotational speed and stores energy.
 Engine Valves:
Control the intake and exhaust of air and fuel, working in coordination with the camshaft.
Other Important Systems:
 Timing System: Ensures the precise synchronization of valve and piston movements, often
using a timing chain or belt.
 Cooling System: Regulates the engine's temperature, preventing overheating.
This video explores the functions of the timing system, including the timing chain and belt,
and how they ensure precise engine operation:

59s

Animated Engineering | Explore the World

YouTube · Mar 8, 2024
40 Basic Parts of The Car
Engine with Diagram
by Shivansh Sabhadiya
In the same way that humans require energy to move around, your
car’s engine requires energy to move. The engine’s main task is to
transform the fuel’s energy into power by setting it off with a spark and
turning gas into energy. This internal combustion takes place as tiny,
contained explosions that cause motion.
People often mistakenly believe that the engine is a single unit, but it
consists of smaller components that operate simultaneously and
collaborate. You’ve probably heard of car engine parts, but knowing
their functions and how they work together is very helpful.
Automobile types come with a sealed metal cylinder engine as a built-
in, which comprises strong car engines. A range of 4 to 8 cylinders is
common in modern cars, and some advanced ones have up to 16! The
opening and closing of the cylinders allows intake of the mixture of fuel
and spark for combustion along with exhaust gas expulsion.
Even though an automobile engine is made up of several components,
we have narrowed down the parts that power the engine by listing the
most essential car engine parts and the functions of each of them.
Check the diagram with us so you know where these parts are on the
engine.

What is a Car Engine?

The engine is referred to as the heart of the car. It is an intricate
mechanism designed to transform the thermal energy released from
combusting gasoline into kinetic energy that drives the wheels.
This process begins with a spark that ignites a blend of petrol vapor
and air. Once a flame is created, it burns rapidly. Hence, the
term internal combustion engine. As the fuel mixture combusts, it
expands, creating a pressure that can be harnessed for driving the car.
In order to endure the heavy workload, an engine requires substantial
structural support, leading to its construction being referred to as
robust. There are two main parts which make up the engine:
the cylinder block, which serves as the casing for the inner rotating
components, and the head that detaches, known as the cylinder
head.
The passages that enable air, fuel, and gas to move in and out of the
cylinder are controlled through a valve located in the head of the
cylinder. Fuel and gas droplets are either pumped in or extracted from
the cylinder, depending on the current state of pressure in the
cylinder.
The engine block consists of a block that usually contains
the crankshaft, the component that turns the linear movement of the
pistons into rotational movement at the crankshaft.
The block also contains the camshaft which actuates the mechanisms
that move the valves in the cylinder head. The camshaft can
sometimes be located in the head or even mounted on top of the head.

How Does a Car Engine Work?

A car engine works similarly to how our body digests and converts food
into energy, using gasoline as fuel. Some modern cars, referred to as
hybrids, use battery-powered electricity to further assist in propelling
the vehicle.
Transforming gasoline into motion is described by internal combustion.
The term combustion, or burning, refers to the fundamental chemical
process of releasing energy from a fuel-air mixture.
In an internal combustion engine (ICE), an engine with internal
combustion, fuel ignition, and combustion occurs in the engine. Some
work is done by the engine on the energy being released.
The engine has a fixed cylinder and a piston that moves. The piston
rotates in the crankshaft, resulting in the vehicle’s wheels being driven
through a powertrain gear system.
When a blast is set off in a very small and capped-off area, like the
piston in an engine, an immense amount of energy gets released in the
form of expanding gas. Such explosive events are experienced by any
given car engine at least hundreds of times a minute. The growth in
energy is harvested to power your car.
As soon as the energy from the first explosion is almost depleted,
another explosion takes place which serves as the second stimulus for
the piston movements. The process repeats itself over and over and
provides the car with sufficient energy to drive.
The most common combustion cycle used in car engines is the four-
stroke combustion cycle. The strokes include intake, compression,
power, and exhaust. These strokes need to be done repetitively to
succeed in generating energy. Let us explore what occurs during each
stroke in the combustion cycle.

#1. Intake stroke.

  The piston moves in the cylinder bore from the top dead
center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC).
 The inlet valve is open, and the outlet valve is closed.
 The downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum
(i.e., negative air pressure) that draws the air/fuel mixture
into the engine through the open intake valve.
#2. Compression stroke.
 The piston moves up the cylinder bore from BDC to TDC.
 The inlet and outlet valves are both closed.
 The upward movement of the piston compresses the air/fuel
mixture in the combustion chamber.
#3. Power Stroke.
 The spark plug fires and ignites the compressed air/fuel
mixture just before the end of the compression stroke (i.e.,
the previous stroke). This ignition/combustion forces the
piston down into the cylinder bore and rotates
the crankshaft, propelling the vehicle forward.
 The piston moves down the cylinder bore from TDC to BDC.
 The inlet and outlet valves are both closed.

#4. Exhaust stroke.

 The piston moves up the cylinder bore from BDC to TDC. The
momentum generated by the power stroke keeps the
crankshaft moving and the other three strokes run in
sequence.
 The inlet valve is closed and the outlet valve is open.
 The last stroke pushes the used gases and exhaust gases out
of the cylinder. The cycle is now complete, and the piston is
ready to begin the intake stroke.
 This gas is sent to the catalytic converter, where it is cleaned,
and then through the muffler before exiting the vehicle
through the tailpipe.
The opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves is done by Cams
mounted on a shaft, which is turned by a timing belt or chain
attached to the crankshaft of the engine.
The firing order of cylinders in a multicylinder car engine is staggered
and evenly distributed across the crankshaft so that the combustion
strokes of the cylinders do not happen at the same time, in order to
minimize vibration and noise from the engine.
Generally speaking, a gasoline engine will consume about 20% of the
fuel’s chemical energy, converting it to mechanical energy. For
movement, only 15 % of that energy turns the wheels, the rest is lost
in friction, air, and other mechanical components.
Let’s look at all the components that, in conjunction, enable this to be
accomplished. You may recognize some of these names associated
with a car’s engine, but understanding their function and relationship
with other parts of the engine system is essential.

Car Engine Parts Names with

Diagram
Let us see a simple car engine parts diagram including all the main
parts which are essential to know. Refer to the below car engine parts
diagram so that we can understand the exact location of each one and
how it looks.
These diagrams typically include the engine block, combustion
chamber, cylinder head, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, timing
chain, valves, rocker arms, pushrods/lifters, injectors, spark plugs, oil
pan, distributor, connecting rods, piston ring, flywheels.

List of Car Engine Parts Names

While many of us think of the engine as one major component, it’s
made up of several individual components working simultaneously.

The list of Car Engine parts Name:

 Engine block
 Piston
 Cylinder Head
 Crank Shaft
 Camshaft
 Timing belt
 Engine Valves
 Oil Pan
 Combustion chamber
 Intake manifold
 Exhaust manifold
  Intake and Exhaust valves
 Spark Plugs
 Connecting Rod
 Piston Ring
 Gudgeon pin
 Cam
 Flywheels
 Head gasket
 Cylinder Liner
 Crank Case
 Distributor
 Distributor o ring
 Cylinder headcover
 Rubber grommet
 Camshaft pulley
 Oil filter
 Water pump
 Timing belt drive pulley
 Oil pan drain bolt
 Turbocharger and supercharger
 Starter motor
A typical internal combustion engine has around 200 parts that need to
be maintained and possibly replaced if they wear out. An electric
vehicle takes that number down to around 20 parts.
But don’t worry, we are only discussing the main parts of a car engine.
Related Articles:
 What Are The Parts Of A Car?
 What is a Car Engine and How Does It Work?
Parts of A Car Engine
The different parts that make up your car’s engine consist of:
the engine block (cylinder block), combustion chamber, cylinder
head, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, timing chain, valve train,
valves, rocker arms, pushrods/lifters, fuel injectors, and spark plugs.

#1. The Engine Block.

The engine block, which is the centerpiece of a car’s engine, is
comprised of cast iron or aluminum, which serves the purpose of
housing the important components of the car engine.
Crankshaft, pistons, and connecting rods are some of the
components that are housed in the engine block. The block is
partitioned into three fixed parts, which are: crankcase, block,
and cylinder head.
The components that the block accommodates are referred to as
cylinders. Depending on the type of vehicle, the block contains a
range of 4 to 16 cylinders. The block can be formed in different ways
as well.
The components that are included in the cylinder head are air, a spark
plug, and fuel. A crank is housed in the crankcase, and it also contains
a sump for lubricating oil. Heat could be conducted through every joint
by different pieces. The inner surface of the cylinder block is known as
a face or bore, which has a cylindrical form.
Failure to maintain or change the oil in the block could lead to cracks in
the future. If ignored, this could lead, overheating, diminished
performance, and excess smoke from the vehicle.

#2. The Piston.

Pistons are part of your car engine, whose primary role is to transform
the power that the burning fuel and air mixture generates into force
that the crankshaft receives.
The configuration of the piston is primarily determined by the type of
internal combustion engine. The gasoline engine piston is usually
shorter and lighter than that of the diesel engine.
The linkage between the piston and the crankshaft is a connecting
rod. The piston, which is affixed to the connecting rod, is fixed to it
with a short hollow cylinder termed the wrist pin or gudgeon pin.
This piston pin supports the full combustion load. These components
collectively constitute the piston assembly.

As previously mentioned, the cylinder wall and piston are separated by

a very narrow space. The piston rings, which sit in the grooves of a
so-called piston band, fill this space. These spaces between the
grooves are known as ring lands.
The pistons are positioned in the cylinder and move up or down twice
alternately. At the same time, the crankshaft rotates twice per cycle,
which means that each engine rotates at 1300 rpm up and down the
pistons 2600 times a minute.

#3. The Crankshaft.

The backbone crankshaft supports the internal combustion engine.
Like any other engine part, it also maintains the crankshaft rotation
and changes the motion from linear to rotational direction.
The car’s wheels are driven by the rotational energy produced by the
movement of the pistons, which reciprocate in the crankcase located
under the engine block. The crankshaft rests at the bottom part of the
engine block.
Because of the tensile strength required of a crankshaft, it is
commonly manufactured from steel.
Due to the capability of sustaining increased levels of tension while
driving and reduced oscillation space, which is critical considering the
amount of rotation a crankshaft undergoes, a crankshaft is customarily
manufactured as a single unit.
The crankshaft is bound to the engine by two large bearings at either
end. From the crankshaft, the connection is made to the flywheel,
which connects through a smaller disc (clutch).
While driving, the crankshaft’s rotational movement is transferred
through the gearbox and subsequently through the differential to the
drivelines connected to the wheels. In this way, the car is set in
motion.

#4. The Camshaft.

The camshaft is usually the more basic part of the engine. It can be
roughly described as a rod or shaft having cam, or ‘cam lobes’ on it in
defined shapes.
Due to the shape of the cam, a valve is acted upon as the shaft is
rotated. The cam allows steam to be let out in proportion to the
strength of its shape and the rate of rotation governs how fast the
action takes place.
In modern internal combustion engines, the valve actuators are
usually but not always placed directly above the cylinder banks, at
least in most cases where they serve to control the valves.
Their calibration controls in a precise manner the volume of an air-fuel
mixture that is introduced into the chamber, as well as the efficiency
with which the expended exhaust gases from the previous explosion
are evacuated from the chamber to make room for the subsequent
charge.
Their importance does not only arise from them being critical to the
operation of the engine, but also because they accurately control the
opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves of the engine; their
performance is highly affected as well.
To maintain this relationship, the timing belts or chains, which are in
direct contact with the pistons housed inside the cylinders, are used to
connect the camshafts to the crankshaft. Additionally, the geometry of
the cams is also intentionally made in a way to ensure control of the
rotary motion of the valves during opening and closing.
Along with all other components of the car engine, the camshaft is
constructed from a strong metal such as chilled iron, which is one of
the stronger alloys.

#5. The Connecting Rod.

A connecting rod, informally referred to as ‘con rod,’ is an engine part
that links the piston to the crankshaft.
This device transforms the linear motion of the piston into rotational
motion at the crankshaft via a connection with the crank.
The smaller end of the rod connects to the piston. The bigger end
connects to the crankshaft and contains bearing inserts that reduce
friction while maintaining proper oil clearance relative to the
connecting rod journal on the crankshaft.
By partitioning the connecting rod with a cap to clamp the connecting
rod bearing and crankshaft, the connecting rod is divided into two
parts.
The rod is essential for the operation of internal combustion engines
since it helps facilitate the vertical (longitudinal) rotation to 90-degree
pivot shift movements (apex-ception). This piece pivots on the piston
side and rotates on the shaft side.

#6. Timing Belts.

As an engine part, the timing belt is one of the core constituents of
the vehicle’s engine. It makes sure that the rest of the engine’s moving
parts function together at the same time for maximum efficiency and
performance.
The timing belt controls the cycle of combustion processes happening
within your engine through the crankshaft and camshaft linkage.
Movement of the pistons causes rotation of the crankshaft, whereas
the intake and exhaust valves are regulated by a camshaft, and the
motion of the pistons in relation to the valves is carefully controlled to
avoid any collisions with the valves.
The most recent designs in timing belts are made of elastic polymers,
commonly rubber, neoprene, polyurethane, or highly saturated nitrile,
which possess reinforcing cords fabricated from nylon or polyester
string, and high tensile ones made from Kevlar or fiberglass.
This indicates that they can occasionally deteriorate as the altitude
driving temperatures change. In general, it is best practice to change
the timing belt of a vehicle after it has been driven for 60,000 to
100,000 miles.

#7. Spark Plugs.

On top of each of the cylinders, spark plugs are placed. Like the name
suggests, spark plugs are parts of your car engine that set aflame air
mixed with fuel, creating an explosion in the engine.
To create that explosion, the air-fuel mixture has to be ignited right
before the compression stroke, which is why a Spark plug is needed. In
today’s vehicles, the high voltage electricity necessary for a spark is
produced by an ignition coil and goes off in the combustion chamber.
A spark plug contains a threaded metallic sheath with a center
electrode. A ceramic insulator surrounds the center electrode, which
includes a resistor. The center electrode connects by a wire with heavy
insulation to the output terminal of either an ignition coil or a magneto.
Because the ignition coil and magneto are turned on, the spark plug’s
metal casing is attached to the engine’s cylinder head, rendering it
grounded.
Inside the combustion chamber, the centerpiece is enclosed by a
porcelain insulator, which leads to the manifold where the center
electrode is fixed. The electrode consists of multiple protrusions, or
spark gaps, while the threaded jacket can contain bolts or gears
termed side ground electrodes used to secure the electrode, referred
to as ground electrodes.
Through time, wear, and tear, or problems with the ignition system,
spark plugs can lose their efficiency.
The spark plugs can get “fouled” over time owing to subpar
combustion, contamination, or excessive heat and can lose the
capability to spark the fuel-air mixture or dissipate heat from within the
chamber.

#8. Cylinder Head.

A cylinder head sits on top of the engine block, which covers the
cylinder and thus forms the combustion chamber.
Because of the forces, high temperatures, and pressure that are
generated, head gaskets seal off the block through the cylinder and
the head. They must be robust in order to sustain the shape. They also
manage how air goes in and out of the cylinders and fuel injectors,
thus steel is crucial.
Cylindrical heads have numerous parts: ail inlets and outlets, cooled
areas, hands, and fuel parts of the fuel tank.
Aluminum cylinder heads are also lighter than iron cylinder ones. Cast
iron heads are cheaper and durable, although heavy, and less efficient
in dissipating heat. This is the reason some manufacturers choose
aluminum.
Common in high performing and racing cars, aluminum cylinder heads
are much more common.
Restrictions in coolant flow, head gasket failure, coolant cut off, or
coolant loss are the most common causes of failure because they lead
to overheating.
Engine failure is not recoverable in extreme cases where there’s a
cracked or damaged cylinder head. This type of situation must be
avoided through early intervention of any issue right away.

#9. The Oil Pan.

An optimal flow of oil is necessary to maintain proper lubrication and
allows for the engine’s moving parts to function without frictional
damage.
The liquid gasket is sealed to the engine’s oil pan and stores the oil for
which the engine’s components are use within the motor to clean up,
as well as cool, pivoting elements.
A pump takes the oil from the pan and filters it through a filter to
cleanse it of various types of dirt before it is sent through the engine.
Once the oil circulates through the engine, it is transported back to the
oil pan in a cycle. If the oil is uncapped, it can create a vacuum, which
is why it’s essential to monitor the oil levels.

#10. Engine Valve.

There are two types of valves: intake and outlet valves. The purpose of
intake valves is to intake fuel and air to create combustion to fuel the
engine. Outlet valves are responsible for letting exhaust that was
created during combustion out of the combustion chamber.
Each cylinder of an automobile has one intake valve and one outlet
valve. Most higher-performance vehicles (Jaguars, Maseratis, etc.) have
four valves per cylinder (two inlet, two outlet). While Honda may not be
considered a high-performance brand, they are known to equip their
vehicles with four valves per cylinder.
Some more advanced engines are equipped with three valves per
cylinder, two intake and one exhaust. The ability to easily intake and
exhale makes the car breathe better and increase performance, which
improves the performance of multi-valve engines.
#11. Combustion Chamber.
A combustion chamber is a closed cylinder that has an area that
serves to bring the fuel and air mixture to the engine whereby the fuel
and air is zestfully combusted.
The primary objective of the combustion chamber is to contain the
burning of the fuel and oxygen combination while generating high
levels of pressurized gas as well as high temperature.
The piston compresses the air-fuel mixture and makes contact with the
spark plug, igniting the mixture and expelling it from the combustion
chamber as usable energy. The energy released from the combustion
is harnessed to operate the engine.
The physical space the combustion chamber occupies is the volume of
the cylinder head, which occurs when the intake and exhaust valves
are closed and the piston is at the uppermost position of its stroke.
A combustion space with smaller dimensions results in an increased
compression ratio, which in turn means more power output. Increased
compression creates high temperatures.

#12. Intake Manifold.

The intake manifold is the part of a car engine that transports and
provides air to individual piston cylinders. Also, in some vehicles, it
takes care of the fuel injectors.
It also lets air into the combustion chamber during an intake stroke.
The depends as well on the secondary combustion cycle that follows
the admixture of fuel via the injector.
The air gets to the manifold through the air cleaner assembly, which
comprises the automobile air filter.
The intake manifold is made up of the plenum and the inverse
channels. The plenum gathers the air from the throttle body, while
ducts serve as pipes that channel the air towards each cylinder.
Varying the size of the intake plenum, length or even the cross section
of the opening, the runners most certainly alter engine performance.
Hence, contemporary vehicles possess a variable intake mechanism.
#13. Exhaust Manifold.
An auxiliary unit called the Exhaust Manifold collects and combines
combustible gases from several cylinders into a single pipe, and it
consists of multiple ports, one for each cylinder. Each port is mounted
on the head of a cylinder with gaskets.
The exhaust system begins with the exhaust manifold, which gathers
all the exhaust gases from the engine cylinders and sends them to the
catalytic converter.
Upgrading to performance exhaust systems can significantly
improve exhaust flow and overall engine efficiency.
The turbocharger is mounted behind the exhaust manifold in
turbocharged engines. Exhaust manifolds are usually constructed of
ferroalloy tubular steel or stainless iron.
The exhaust manifold is multifunctional as it takes care of the burned
engine gases, however, it also purges incompletely burned gases
because of its extremely high temperatures.
The oxygen sensor monitors the amount of oxygen and commands the
fuel injection system to increase or decrease the amount of oxygen in
the fuel/air mixture used to power the engine.

#14. Piston Ring.

A piston ring is a metallic split ring placed at the outer periphery of a
piston in an internal combustion engine.
Piston rings are usually made of cast iron.
The relative motion between the piston ring and the cylinder wall leads
to frictional losses for the engine that is roughly 24% of the total
mechanical frictional losses for the engine.
Piston rings have four main functions: compression gas sealing, oil
control, heat transfer, and wear control.

Normally, a car engine will have three rings within each cylinder. The
top two rings are called compression rings, and they primarily perform
the sealing of the combustion chamber, while the bottom ring, oil
scraper ring performs the function of controlling the amount of oil
consumed.

#15. Gudgeon Pin.

A part of an engine that attaches a piston to a connecting rod is called
a gudgeon pin. It gives the connecting rod a shaft that turns while
moving the piston, creating the up-and-down vacuum.
A highly alloyed steel of great strength and hardness is used to make
the piston pin, which is usually a forged short hollow tube.
Furthermore, he may be unassociated with the connecting rod or the
piston/crosshead.
The ends of the pin are chamfered, and it is held by a circular saw in
the piston surrounded from the center by the small-bore end of the
connecting rod.

#16. Cam.
A cam is a sliding or rotating piece of a mechanical linkage which
serves to convert rotary motion to a linear motion.
In the engine, the camshaft is a shaft with several cams attached, this
cam allows for the conversion of rotary motion of the camshaft to
linear motion of the valve. Also it controls the timing of the valve
opening and closing.
The shape of the cams has a great effect on the engine characteristics
and performance. The camshaft rotation gives the cam the ability to
actuate a valve or switch to an extent which is proportionate to the
severity of its shape.
If the cam is in bad shape then it damages the timing of the air-fuel
mixture entering and exiting the combustion chambers.

#17. Flywheel.
A flywheel is an iron or steel wheel that is heavy and mounted to the
end of a crankshaft, it spins with the crankshaft‘s rotation.
A flywheel’s primary role is to compress the energy surges released
during combustion of the engine, and also return energy for the
pistons during their compression stroke.
Additionally, it serves to balance the engine, mitigating the excessive
vibration and noise generated during combustion, enabling the
crankshaft to rotate smoothly.
Moreover, the flywheel is important for starting the engine, as it
supplies the necessary rotational energy to initiate the process. Most
car engines will not operate efficiently without a flywheel.

#18. Head Gasket.

The head gasket in a car engine is equally crucial because it sits
between the cylinder head and engine block. A car engine consists of
two main parts; the engine block, containing the pistons and cylinders,
and the cylinder head, which houses valves, spark plugs, etc.
The head gasket’s primary purpose is to retain the combustion gases
in the cylinders and prevent coolant or engine oil from leaking into the
cylinders. If a head gasket is leaking, it can greatly impact the engine’s
performance.
Due to this, the majority of head gaskets are manufactured with very
thin layers of steel, as this will make them more reliable and longer
lasting. This is known as the frame of the car, around which the body is
built.
The modernization and new trends in cars have been noticed in
components like the head gaskets, which are now lighter, stiffer, and
easier to handle.

#19. Cylinder Liner.

Piston movement in the cylinder block of the engine is achieved by
fixing a hard metal thin walled cylinder referred to as a sleeve
or cylinder liner.
The liner is an important part of the engine’s operation and a major
component in the form of the working face for a piston. It is
manufactured to prevent an engine from damaging through wear,
overheating, or seepage of unwanted materials.
The cylinder liner are mostly consisting of alloys of cast Iron, Nickel,
Chrome, Molybdenum, Vanadium, or other components.

#20. Crankcase.
The crankcase is the central component of the engine. It houses the
entire crank mechanism including the piston, cylinder, and connecting
rod.
Accessories, the gearbox/transmission, and the engine control with
cylinder head are attached to the crankcase.
Due to the oil and cooling channels required for cooling and
lubrication, the crankcase is the most complex casting of an internal
combustion engine.
An open crank engine has no crankcase. This design was used in early
engines and continues to be used in some large marine diesel
engines.
The crankcase forms the central component of the engine, in which the
drive and cooling jacket are housed.
Crankcase pressure can provide information about the factory PCV
system and the condition of the engine.

#21. Engine Distributor.

A distributor is an ignition component that, as the name suggests,
distributes sparks to each of the engine’s spark plugs.
Voltage is routed from the ignition coil to the distributor cap via a spark
plug wire. This voltage then travels from the center terminal of the cap
to the rotor inside the distributor.
As the distributor rotates, the rotor also rotates, distributing voltage to
each of the outer terminals of the cap in turn.
The voltage then travels from each of the outer terminals of the
distributor through individual spark plugs leading to each of the spark
plugs. The spark plugs fire and ignites the air/fuel mixture in the
engine.
A failed ignition distributor is one that just won’t fire. A failure can
occur at any time, resulting in a running engine stalling or a cold
engine failing to start at all.

#22. Distributor O ring.

The o-ring for the distributor is generally a rubber round ring. Although
it appears to be a simple piece of round rubber, it serves a critical
function.
Since the distributor is in charge of “instructing” the spark plugs on
when they should ignite, accuracy is critical.
If a distributor becomes misaligned, it could result in severe timing
complications and damage to the engine.
The distributor O-ring is responsible for sealing the distributor housing
to the engine, preventing misfires in the engine, loss of engine power,
and leakage of oil. If the O-ring is compromised, it may result in oil
leakage at the manifold’s base, which can result in further
complications.

#23. Cylinder Headcover.

A cylinder head cover works as a head cover of the cylinder and is
usually constructed from cast iron or aluminum alloy, as the aluminum
alloy tends to be lighter and stronger in dissipating heat compared to
other metals.
The cylinder head/cover functions to enclose the combustion chamber,
thus creating a space within which combustion can occur in an internal
combustion engine.
Due to the workings of an internal combustion engine, the cylinder
head contains combustion byproducts, gas, and lubricant oil splashes.
A cylinder head commonly sits atop an engine block, which contains a
combustion chamber alongside components like intake and exhaust
ports, and associated rotatable parts like valves, springs, and
sometimes even lift mechanisms

#24. Rubber Grommet.

A rubber grommet used in the automotive industry serves numerous
purposes, one of which is being placed into a pre-drilled hole in the
engine casing of an automobile, enabling tubes, wires, or hoses to
lower friction as well as provide resistance to the ingress of water.

Grommets are installation devices used for closing the opening of a

box.
Assist in putting wires through the middle of an opening while keeping
them safe from being damaged by sharp-edged metal plates and
keeping out dust and moisture.

#25. Oil Filter.

The oil filter helps remove contaminants from your car engine oil that
can build up over time as the oil keeps your engine clean.
Clean engine oil is important because if the oil is left unfiltered for a
period, it can become saturated with tiny, hard particles that can wear
down surfaces in your engine.
The outside of the filter is a metal can with a gasket that allows it to be
held snugly against the engine mating surface.
The bottom plate of the can hold the gasket and is perforated with
holes around the area just inside the gasket.
A central hole is tapped to mate with the oil filter assembly on the
engine block. The can contains filter material, mostly made of
synthetic fiber. The engine’s oil pump delivers the oil directly to the
filter, where it enters through holes in the perimeter of the base plate.
The dirty oil is channeled through the filter media (pushed under
pressure) and back through the central hole where it re-enters the
engine.
Many manufacturers recommend replacing the oil filter at every
second oil change. So if you are on a 3,000-mile cycle you would
change your filter every 6,000; If you are on a 6,000-mile cycle (like
most modern vehicles) you would change it every 12,000 miles.

#26. Camshaft Pulley.

A cam pulley is associated with the system of an engine’s timing as it
pertains to controlling the speed of camshaft rotation, which is a timing
belt part associated with governing the poppet valves that regulate the
cylinder’s air intake and exhaust.

The cam pulley is also pivotally joined to the timing chain so that the
camshaft is rotatably driven in unison with the crankshaft.
The cambelt pulleys are positioned at the front side of the engine at
the foremost side of each cilinder head. The cam belt is looped around
these and the crankshaft pulley to properly time the engine. If these
become damaged or even break off, they may cause timing belt
malfunction.

#27. Timing Belt Drive Pulley.

Timing pulleys serve the function of interconnecting and coordinating
the rotation of two shaft mechanisms.
As an illustration, in motors, connect the camshaft with the crankshaft
using a timing belt pulley particular part.
The teeth of the pulley sprocket body guarantee that the shafts are
prevented from slipping.
Timining pulleys utilize teeth or notches in the outter border of a given
pulley.
Control teeth engage with holes in the metal belt, while pockets control
engage with lugs situated within the belt. As suggested, these teeth or
pockets serve as the means for timing.

#28. Water Pump.

Water pumps are major components of cooling systems on cars,
trucks, and SUVs.
In particular, a water pump works to draw coolant liquid from the
radiator and circulate it through the internal engine block to ensure it’s
cooled throughout the entire cycle.
While modern water pumps are considerably more durable, there is
still a possibility of failure after extended years or kilometers of use.
They are typically powered by a belt linked to the crankshaft pulley or
sprocket.
In terms of moving coolant, a water pump exerts centrifugal forces and
impeller blades to all the plumbing and tubing which makes the cooling
system.

Once coolant mabages to cycle through the engine block, the coolant
is sent through hoses strategically located to the radiator usually
located at the front of the car. Here the coolant is then cooled (heat
exchanged) by air flowing through the radiator fins for further
reduction of temperatures reading before returning to the water pump.
Then it will loop through the entire process previously described.

#29. Turbocharger and Supercharger.

“Supercharging” and “turbocharging” are terms you’ve probably heard
before. Both devices are used to increase the power output of an
engine by compressing the air entering the engine.
The compressed air allows more fuel to be burned, which produces
more power. The main difference between the two is how they are
powered.
A turbocharger uses the velocity and heat energy of the hot exhaust
gases pouring out of an engine’s cylinders to power a turbine, which
drives a small compressor or impeller, which in turn crams more air
back into the engine.
A supercharger also pumps additional air into the engine but is
instead driven mechanically by the engine via a belt running off the
crankshaft, or by an electric motor.
Turbochargers are great for their ability to produce more power from a
smaller engine size, and the ceiling for that extra power is pretty high.
Not only can you change the size of the turbo for more power, but the
turbocharger itself can be switched to produce more or less boost.
Superchargers can deliver their power directly from the engine pulley
instead of waiting for the exhaust to build up. As a result, there is no
turbo lag. And compared to turbocharged engines (including the
associated piping), supercharged engines are relatively simple.

#30. Oil Pans Drain Bolt.

The oil pan drain bolt, also called oil pan drain plug, is a cylindrical
fixture situated at the lower region of the oil pan. When it is taken off,
a flow of engine oil is released.

The plug is located at the bottom of the oil pan or on its sides. It serves
as a locked door to prevent the vital lubricant from gushing out under
the pull of gravity and pressure produced in the crankcase.
During an oil change, the plug is removed with a wrench to let oil out
of the oil pan. An oil leak from the oil pan bolt can be solved by
replacing the bolt gasket.

#31. The valvetrain.

The valve train, which is the phrase for the valve mechanism within an
engine, demonstrates the most important feature of an internal
combustion engine. oF Special importance are the combustion engine’s
valves.
They have the very important function of controlling gas exchange. It
refers to both valves in the system and to the so called pushrods and
lifters, as well as the accompanying rocker arms. The construction is
put on the cylinder head.

#32. The rocker arms.

The movement of valves is done by a pair of arms. Valves can only be
opened or closed if vertical pressure is applied upon them from a
rotating part camshaft. A valve can also be opened for gas exhaust in
the mid of a revolution.

#33. The pushrods/lifters.

In engines (overhead valve engines) in which the camshaft lobes don’t
touch the rocker arms, the pushrods/lifters are used in place in the
valve system.

#34. Throttle Body.

The throttle body is responsible for regulating the amount of air that
enters the engine. By controlling the size of the opening, it dictates the
engine’s power output and RPMs based on driver input.
#35. The fuel injectors.
For the combustion process to occur, fuel is necessary. The fuel
injectors work to move fuel into the cylinders. There are three
different fuel injection systems: direct fuel injection, ported fuel
injection, and throttle body fuel injection.

#36. Air Intake System.

The air intake system is responsible for delivering clean air to the
engine. It includes an air filter to remove impurities and a series of
ducts or tubes that guide the air into the intake manifold. The throttle
body controls the amount of air entering the engine, affecting its
performance.

#37. Air Filter.

In a car, the intake manifold is the component of the engine that
distributes airflow between the cylinders. An intake manifold frequently
houses the throttle valve and accompanying components.
An intake manifold in some V6 and V8 engines can be made up of
numerous independent sections or pieces.
The intake air passes through the air filter, the intake boot (snorkel),
the throttle body, the intake manifold plenum, the runners, and the
cylinders. The throttle valve (body) adjusts the quantity of airflow to
control the engine rpm.

#38. Fuel Delivery System.

The fuel delivery system ensures the engine gets the right amount of
fuel to mix with the incoming air. It includes components like the fuel
pump, fuel injectors, and the fuel tank. Fuel injectors precisely spray
fuel into the intake manifold, where it mixes with the incoming air. This
mixture is then compressed in the cylinders before ignition.

#39. Lubrication System.

The primary objective of the lubrication system is to mitigate the wear
and tear caused by friction on any two interacting moving parts. It
works by employing a network of channels to supply oil, as well as the
necessary engine components, oil, and an oil pump.
In the absence of effective lubrication, the myriad moving parts of an
engine would not only grind against each other, but also cause
catastrophic destruction.

#40. Cooling System.

Engines are some of the components that can reach extemely high
temperatures during use and can result in severe damage if not
cooled. Casing the damage, this cooling system is required to mix
coolant and water in order to provide thermal relief to the engine.
The water pump helps in aiding the passage of coolant into the engine
or radiator, where the surrounding air can be drawn upon to cool the
heated components. The optimum temperature for efficiency and
longevity is determined by a thermostat alongside the engine.
Read more: 50 Basic Parts of a Car With Name & Diagram

Common Engine Problems

With so many mechanisms performing many tasks at lightning speed,
over time, parts may begin to wear causing your car to behave
differently. Here are the most common engine problems and their
associated symptoms:
 Poor compression: loss of power, misfiring, or no-start.
 Cracked engine block: causes overheating, smoke coming
from the exhaust, or coolant leaks which is paas attributed to
the side cracks on the engine.
 Damaged Pistons, Rings, and/or Cylinders: rough idle,
failed emissions test and rattling sounds, blue smoke from
the exhaust.
 Broken of worn Rods, Bearings & Pins: these cause low
oil pressure, metal shavings found in engine oil, oil pressure
is too low, tapping or ticking sounds and rattling upon
acceleration.
Car engines may seem complicated, but their task is simple: to propel
your vehicle forward. With so many components working together to
create this motion, your vehicle must receive proper maintenance to
ensure its longevity.
Regularly scheduled oil changes, fluid flushes, and changing belts and
hoses at the recommended time is a great way to help prevent the
unfortunate circumstance of a failed engine.