Electrical Worker Safety

Electrical system design for arc flash protection

in industrial and commercial buildings

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Table of contents
Executive summary 3

Understanding arc flash risk and its impact 4

Typical arc flash risk management roles and responsibilities in electrical installations 6

Preface: Electrical worker safety 7

Hierarchy of control 8
Understanding arc flash: Rare but severe 9

01 MV switchboards and MV/LV transformers 11

Safeguarding medium voltage operations: An introduction 12
Decision tree: Arc flash preventive measure selection in indoor MV AID switchgear 20

02 Low voltage main, secondary, and control switchboards 21

Managing arc flash hazards in low voltage switchboards: An introduction 22
Design LV equipment according to intended use and IEC standard 38
Decision Tree A - for Ik3max <25kA 41
Decision Tree B - for 25kA≤ Ik3max <50kA 42
Decision Tree C - for Ik3max ≥50kA 43

03 Power and distribution circuits - Busway system design 44

Addressing arc flash hazards in busway systems: An introduction 45

04 Final distribution boards and circuits 47

Enhancing safety in final distribution boards: An introduction 48

05 Additional technical support tools and resources 51

Provision for HV/LV electrical installations 52
Specifications 53
Glossary 58
References 59

The information provided in this Guide contains general descriptions of Schneider Electric’s available range of solutions in the field of electrical
systems design and specification that may address electrical worker safety.
This documentation is not intended as a substitute for and is not to be used to determine the suitability or reliability of these solutions for specific
user applications. Schneider Electric reserves the right to make changes or updates with respect to or in the content of this Guide or the format
thereof at any time without notice.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, no responsibility or liability is assumed by Schneider Electric and its subsidiaries for any errors or
omissions in the informational content of this Guide or for any damages arising out of, or in connection with the use of, or inability to use this Guide
or its content, even if Schneider Electric has been expressly informed of the possibility of such damages.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Executive summary
Electrical worker safety is critical for enterprises, impacting employee well-being, operational
integrity, company reputation, and legal liability. Mishandling electricity can lead to severe
injuries, fatalities, and substantial property damage. Therefore, cultivating a safety culture
and mindset is essential.
Ensuring worker safety starts at the electrical installation planning stage. However, it doesn’t end there. Employers must
implement effective safety protocols and offer comprehensive training to protect workers who operate near or around
electrical equipment.

The risks associated with electrical work, particularly arc flash, necessitate comprehensive safety measures aligned
with ISO 45001, IEC 61936 for MV installation and the new part 4-42 of IEC 60364 standard on Low Voltage electrical
installation (released late 2024). Typically, protection against electric shock is well managed. However, prevention of
arc flash hazards could be improved. Arc flash, a short circuit through ionized air, can lead to devastating explosions,
producing extreme heat, light, and molten metal. While the most effective risk reduction method is to work on de-energized
installations, electrical work often requires operating near live components, which could still pose a risk of triggering
internal arc faults due to factors like insulation aging or foreign object intrusion.

This guide shares Schneider Electric’s recommended strategies and available solutions for enhancing electrical safety at
the design stage, focusing on proactive measures beyond reliance on personal protective equipment (PPE). It provides
practical tools like electrical distribution design methodologies, prescriptive recommendations, and decision trees to
promote safe working conditions in Medium-Voltage (MV), Low-Voltage (LV), and Final Distribution equipment and devices.
The strategies apply to commercial buildings, infrastructure projects, and organizations managing Occupational Health
and Safety (OH&S) systems.

By leveraging Schneider Electric’s expertise and field

experience, this guide empowers individuals and
organizations to take proactive steps in electrical
safety at the design stage— supporting compliance
with evolving industry regulations and minimizing risks.
Key sections offer actionable insights through real-world
examples and structured guidance, supporting safer new
installations and upgrades with a focus on reducing arc
flash and prioritizing worker safety.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Understanding arc flash risk

and its impact
While shock protection during electrical work is generally well-managed, arc flash hazards remain a critical risk.

Arc flash incidents have wide and lasting impacts

Arc flash incidents result in significant human and financial costs, affecting both workers and businesses with serious consequences:

• Severe burns and life-altering injuries

• Operational downtime, impacting business continuity
• Regulatory fines and legal liabilities for non-compliance
• Damage to company reputation and employee morale

Each incident reinforces the importance of adopting rigorous safety measures. Arc flash incidents pose a serious threat to electrical
workers, leading to catastrophic injuries, fatalities, and substantial business losses. Every day, one to two arc flash-related fatalities
occur, and an estimated five to ten arc flash explosions happen daily across North America. Beyond the human toll, medical costs
for severe electrical burns can exceed $4 million per person, and businesses may face over $30 million in fines, litigation, and lost
revenue due to work-related electrical injuries.

Most organizations consider managing arc flash risks after the electrical installation is defined or in place; in fact, it is more effective
to consider electrical safety starting from the design stage. Electrical engineers, electricians, maintenance personnel, operators,
and electrical contractors are crucial in implementing safety strategies that mitigate arc flash hazards from the outset. Organizations
must implement a proactive, structured safety approach to minimize risk exposure, improve system resilience, and align with industry
standards for long-term safety and operational continuity.

Over 600 electrical In North America:

accidents One to two fatalities
are reported annually related to arc flash occur daily.
in Germany. With five to ten arc
And nearly 25% involve flash explosions
arc flash incidents.1 happening each day.2

The sudden release of intense heat, pressure, and shrapnel can cause extreme burns, blindness,
and fatalities. Most incidents occur in low-voltage switchgear, affecting qualified electrical
workers, who account for 66% of fatalities.
3

Note: An arc flash is called an internal arc fault in the IEC standards for MV and LV equipment.
1. Dr. Ing Jens Jühling, Elektrounfälle in Deutschland.
2. NFPA, Three Times Hotter than the Sun’s Surface.
3. Fire Protection Research Foundation, Occupational Injuries From Electrical Shock and Arc Flash Events.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Who is most at risk?

Arc flash hazards affect multiple stakeholders within an organization. Understanding these risk groups helps organizations implement
targeted safety strategies. Key groups at risk include:

• Electrical workers and technicians: Those working directly with energized equipment face the highest exposure
• Enterprise facility managers and maintenance teams: Responsible for maintaining electrical systems and following safety protocols
• Contractors and service providers: External personnel working within electrical environments also face substantial risk
• Building owners and investors: Accountable for ensuring compliance with OH&S regulations

What is the urgency?

The risk of arc flash incidents is growing with increasing reliance on electrical
infrastructure in industrial and commercial settings. Factors like aging infrastructure,
increased demand for electrification, and more complex electrical systems make
mitigating arc flash risks more urgent than ever. International standards such as ISO
45001, IEC 61936, IEC 60364, or regional standards such as EN50110 and NFPA 70E
reflect the rising focus on worker safety and the importance of establishing robust safety
measures at the design stage.

Real-life examples
Arc flash incidents can occur in any installation, from low-voltage panels to medium-
voltage switchgear, and result in severe injuries, fatalities, and legal penalties. We based
our recommendations on real-life incidents and practical field experience, some of which
are highlighted throughout this guide.

A solution-focused approach
To mitigate arc flash risks, businesses must adopt a multi-layered approach:

• Design for safety – Incorporate internal arc fault mitigation systems

• Use monitoring and automation – Ensure workers understand proper procedures and reduce direct worker
interaction with live equipment
• Follow standards evolution – For example, EN50110 edition 2023, IEC 60364-4-42 update 2024

Building a strong safety culture with advanced mitigation technology protects workers and businesses from the devastating consequences
of arc flash incidents.

Managing safety systems

The recommendations in this eguide are ideal for anyone involved in the building design process:

• Pre-design • Schematic design

• Design development • Contract documents
• Bidding/negotiating • Contract administration (construction)
• Post-occupancy

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Typical arc flash risk management roles and responsibilities in electrical installation

Who Role Installation life stage Responsibility

Facility occupant Electrical worker employer Operation / maintenance Shall include arc flash risk for
directly or through electrical worker in occupational
subcontractor interacting with health and safety (OH&S)
electrical installation management
System (ISO 45001)

New facility / large Shall consider arc flash risk

retrofit design during pre-design step

Facility manager Electrical worker employer Operation / maintenance Shall include arc flash risk in risk
assessment and apply measure
against arc flash when relevant

Design firm / Electrical Electrical installation designer New facility / large retrofit Shall consider arc flash risk
engineering design during pre-design step
Shall include protective measure
against arc flash during
schematic design and design
development.
Shall specify protective measure
against arc flash when relevant in
contract document

New facility / large retrofit Shall consider specific risk during

Coordination of onsite work
commissioning commissioning

Contractor / Installer Install and commission the New facility / large retrofit Shall consider specific risk during
electrical installation commissioning commissioning

Panel builder Design and build the electrical New facility / large retrofit Shall implement measure against
panels arc flash as specified

Electrical inspection Control (initially and Operation Shall include arc flash risk in risk
periodically) the electrical assessment and apply measure
installation against arc flash when relevant
May identify risks and propose
improvements

Figure 1: Arc flash management roles and responsibilities

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Preface: Electrical worker safety

Managing and mitigating electrical hazards in the operation of electrical installations and activities conducted on, with, or near
them includes the following:

• Electric shock
• Effect of short-circuit (mainly arc flash)

The best way to eliminate those risks is to work on a “dead” installation; however, working near live parts or even directly on
them may occur, and at times, it's intrinsically necessary (for measurement or troubleshooting when a circuit needs to be
powered).

This guide adopts the hierarchy of control concept as defined in ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems and aligns with OSHA standards and European Council Directive 89/391/EEC. The hierarchy of control prioritizes the
4
following measures, from the most effective to the least effective:

4. OSHA, Recommended practices for safety and health programs.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Most
Hierarchy of controls
Effective

Physically remove
Elimination the hazard

Replace the
Substitution hazard

Engineering Isolate people

Controls from the hazard

Administrative Change the way

Controls people work

PPE Protect the worker with

personal protective equipment

Least
Effective
Source: NIOSH

Figure 2: Hierarchy of controls from US OSHA

5
ISO 45001 / OSHA Application to Electrical Hazards
Schneider Electric solution
Hierarchy of Controls During Electrical Work

Elimination • Work on dead equipment • Device suitable for isolation

• Wide and consistent range of accessories for
LOTO in MV to LV
• Evaluate the foreseeable operation or misuse that • Use service index to specify LV equipment
can occurs on live equipment
Substitution • Replace equipment with local operation by • Remote operation
equipment with remote operation • Remote monitoring
• Reduce the danger by reducing the arc • Consider arc risk during protection against
fault energy6 short-circuit setting calculation
• Optical arc detection (IACD)
• Arc quencher (IAQD)

Engineering Controls • Equipment with proper separation between • LV equipment with various “form” according
functional units to avoid electric shock to the foreseeable operation
• Equipment able to withstand the arc • MV and LV switchgear with tested internal arc
withstand performance

Administrative control • Deploy electrical work procedure and trainings • Temporarily reduce danger by manually
according to EN 50110-1 or national regulation, reducing protection operating threshold
labelling additional protection during works. and time during specific operation (ERMS)
• Electrical room access control

PPE • Working zone limitation & access control to • Tools for incident energy calculation
electrical room (AFB and PPE selection)
• PPE and working procedures •A
 rc flash boundary and PPE

Figure 3: ISO 45001 / OSHA Hierarchy of controls and Schneider Electric proposed solution for electrical work

5. This approach is also in line with European COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 June 1989 which introduced measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health
of workers at work ( 89 / 391 / EEC) Article 6 General obligations on employers.
6. In some regional interpretations, such as OSHA (U.S.), arc detection and quenching may be categorized as engineering controls rather than substitution, but here
we consider “engineering control” to be clearly intended to isolate the worker from the hazard when the “substitution” is reducing the hazard itself.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Understanding arc flash: Rare but severe

Even if the risk of electric shock is well known and well addressed High Temperature
Vaporized Copper
in electrical worker procedures, arc flash is still another hazard
Intense Light
when working near live parts. Although it is rare, it has severe
Fire Pressure Wave
consequences.
High Voltage
An arc flash in switchgear is a short circuit through the air between Shrapnel
live parts or between one live part and the earth. Air acts as a good
insulator under normal temperatures. However, during the extreme
heat of a fault, air becomes ionized and creates a conductive path
of plasma between the electrodes. Once the conductive plasma
path is established, electrical energy rapidly converts into radiation,
thermal energy, and a powerful pressure wave. Hot particles and Injury or Death
electrons generate a sudden burst of bright light, and molten metal
can fly in all directions. It’s easy to see how such an explosion can
be highly destructive and even deadly.

Figure 4: Consequences of an arc flash event, including intense heat,

pressure waves, shrapnel, toxic gases, and psychological trauma.
Source: Electrical Arc Flash Hazard Management Guideline

An arc flash can occur in areas where bare conductors are present. This hazard is therefore
always present in metal-enclosed switchgear or electrical assemblies with busbars and power Tip
connections. An arc flash is called an
Internal arc fault may occur in normal operation without any worker activities; it may be caused by: internal arc fault in the IEC
standards for MV and LV
• Insulation aging
equipment.
• Intrusion of foreign bodies (rodents, water, etc.) in the enclosures
Electrical installation Wiki
• A short circuit on a feeder that does not adhere to the safety perimeter causes gas exhausted
by the circuit breaker of the faulty feeder to ignite an arc upstream on the busbar

Electrical worker activities can also lead to an internal arc fault:

• Directly: The electrical worker, while performing his duties, is introducing a conductive object near live components, such as
a tool or wire
• Indirectly: The electrical worker, when operating the equipment, uncovers a pre-existing issue:
- Closing a feeder on a short circuit without maintaining the safety perimeter can cause gas released by the circuit breaker of
the faulty feeder to ignite an arc upstream of the busbar
- The shock or moving part of switching devices during racking in, racking out, opening or closing switchgear causing the fall
of an unexpected foreign part (screw, washer, piece of wire, filings remaining from cutting, etc.)

A pre-existing issue can be difficult to predict because the equipment can pass a dielectric test without indicating any problems.

MV installation standard IEC/EN 61936-1 has addressed this risk for several years, but this was not true for LV installations before
2024 and the publication of the new edition 4 of IEC 60364-4-42. Now, IEC installation rules also require consideration of protection
against internal arc faults. See Chapter 2 for more details.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

In most commercial and industrial facilities, the electrical system can be reviewed as four sub-systems:

• Medium voltage substation and medium voltage/low voltage transformer

• Low voltage main, secondary, and control switchboards
• Distribution circuits
• Final distribution board and final circuits

The following architecture diagram outlines four critical areas where electrical safety risks should be considered during system
design and implementation.

Chapter 1
MV substation and
MV/LV transformer

Backup
generator
(opt)

Local
sources
Chapter 2 (Opt)
LV main, secondary, Main LV TSE
and control switchboard
switchboards

Control
Panel
UPS

Secondary
switchboard

VSD

Chapter 3
Distribution circuits (Busway)

HQ
Chapter 4 Distribution board distribution
board
Final distribution board
and final circuits

M M

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01 MV switchboards and
MV/LV transformers

MV switchgear

Arc PowerLogic PowerLogic

Sensor TH110 PD100

Software
MV
IEC/EN 6227 1-200 IAC A-FL
Arc
SM AirSeT Sensor

PowerLogic
A3

EcoStruxure
Power Monitoring
Arc
Sensor

Trihal MV/LV
transformer

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

A real-life case example with

medium voltage equipment
During preparation of a retrofit, an operator opened the door of a live
medium voltage (MV) cubicle. While measuring outside the enclosure,
their tape measure slipped and fell inside, hitting exposed conductors.
The result: a sudden arc flash and severe burn injuries.

Arc flash protection: Introduction to safeguarding medium

voltage operations
Access to MV switchgear is usually well controlled—more so than low-voltage (LV) systems. But the risks are real. Arc faults in MV
equipment can be severe; and preventing them takes more than procedures.
7
In some geographic regions, arc protection is required. In others, it’s not. While IEC/EN 61936-1 (2021) calls for protecting people
from arc faults, it doesn’t mandate precisely how to do so. Clause 8.5 outlines options rather than specific rules. This makes it critical
to take a proactive approach at the design stage.

Arc fault locations and possible causes

Location Possible causes

Connection compartments Poor design, faulty installation, insulation failure, poor connections
Bolted connections and contacts Corrosion, faulty assembly, damage during racking in or out
Circuit breakers Lack of maintenance
Disconnectors or switches Operator error
Instrument transformers Ferro-resonance, low-voltage side short circuits
All locations Human error (tools left inside the cabinet), aging, pollution, moisture, pests, or voltage surges

Figure 5: Locations and possible causes of arc flash

7. International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 61936-1:2021.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Choosing MV equipment with worker operation in mind

Medium-voltage systems carry serious risks, so selecting the right equipment is as much about protecting people as it is about
performance. Thoughtful selection, guided by international standards and best practices, is the foundation for a safer electrical
environment. The sections below outline five important strategies to help reduce the risk of arc flash incidents.

1. Begin with IEC/EN standards

For further reading
Always select equipment that meets:
Reference the MV Technical Guide
• IEC/EN 61936-1 (MV installations) for the latest standards.
• Local electrical codes
• IEC 62271 series (MV switchgear)
Elimination

Following these guidelines helps reduce the risk of dangerous failures.

Substitution
Elimination
Engineering
Controls
Admin
2. Eliminate the hazard: Design forControls
de-energized work
PPE
Clear visual indicators and locking mechanisms can help prevent dangerous mistakes. One key feature is the Visible Disconnect
Indicator System (VDIS), which visually confirms internal contacts are physically open. This verification step helps reduce the risk of
accidental grounding or switching errors during maintenance or inspection.

Before working on or around any switchgear:

• Use VDIS indicators to confirm disconnection.

• Padlock and interlock the system to prevent incorrect switching.
• Consider adding interlocks for specialized configurations—such as those involving MV and LV switchgear in transformer
applications. These interlocks help ensure proper coordination and help prevent unsafe switching sequences.

Tip: Select equipment with VDIS

To support safe operations, select
switchgear that includes built-in disconnect
indicators, such as a VDIS, to clearly show
the position of internal contacts. These
features help confirm safe conditions
before maintenance begins and reduce
the risk of human error.

8
Figure 6: Example of AirSeT for earthing switch position

8. Schneider Electric, SM AirSeT catalog (NRJCAT21009EN), page 38

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Schneider Electric offers a wide range of interlocking options to support reliable LOTO
9
procedures in different scenarios.

O O

S S
O O

S S

A1 type C1 type C4 type

Ensures the earthing switch cannot close Avoids access to the transformer if the Avoids earthing switch closing on a
unless the LV circuit breaker is locked in earthing switch for transformer protection transformer protection unit unless the
the open or disconnected position. has not first been closed. LV circuit breaker is locked in the open
or disconnected position. Also prevents
access to the transformer if the earthing
switch for transformer protection has not
Elimination
been closed first.
Substitution

Engineering Substitution
Controls
3. Substitute the hazard: Use remote
Admin operation and monitoring
Controls

Minimizing operator interactions with livePPE

equipment significantly enhances safety. Continuous monitoring enables early detection
of issues: We recommend monitoring terminal temperature and ambient conditions to detect early partial discharge.

Easergy TH110 Easergy CL110 PowerLogic PD100

Monitors cable termination Detects humidity or condensation Identifies partial discharge—often a
temperature, spotting early hot spots issues, which can lead to faults precursor to failure

9. Schneider Electric, SM AirSeT catalog (NRJCAT21009EN), page 70

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Support tools
EcoStruxure™ Power Device Mobile App

The EcoStruxure Power Device mobile app offers periodic thermal monitoring and enables users to generate maintenance reports.
A quick scan of an NFC tag on the panel displays real-time thermal status.

This tool helps monitor multiple thermal sensors wirelessly across critical power equipment,
For further reading
making tracking thermal stress easier and detecting potential issues before they escalate.
Frequent updates—every few minutes—enhance the detection of abnormal conditions or early White Paper: How
signs of partial discharge. It’s also more accurate than static data: a sudden temperature bump modernization with
may be environmental, but a steady rise is a real warning sign. connected assets and
data can unlock stronger
EcoStruxure Power Monitoring Expert
business continuity
Together with asset performance monitoring tools, these software systems detect abnormal
values. Advanced algorithms enable practical features such as alarms and maintenance
Elimination
planning, allowing
for more proactive maintenance.
Substitution

Engineering Substitution
Controls
4. Substitute the hazard:
Admin Reduce arc fault energy
Controls

When an arc flash occurs,PPE the amount of energy released—and the severity of the incident—can be influenced by several
factors. While proper system design and preventive maintenance are essential, the speed at which a fault is detected and cleared
significantly limits harm. By implementing faster and smarter protection strategies, facility owners can significantly reduce risks to
both personnel and infrastructure.

Arc flash severity depends on:

• Fault current
• Flash duration
• Distance between worker and flash location

There are several ways to reduce the energy released:

• Current-limiting reactors: Affordable, good speed

• Faster protection:

- Zone-selective interlocking: Affordable, good speed

- Busbar differential protection: Fast but limited in scope
- Light and overcurrent detection: Fast, selective, and increasingly common—they can provide selective protection,
multiple zone protection, and redundancy.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

10
Schneider Electric offers a wide range of internal arc mitigation solutions.

Schneider Electric proposes a wide range of

internal arc fault mitigation systems based on
optical detection in HV or LV equipment. Starting
from a simple optical detection (PowerLogic
A125 range) to an advanced arc protection
system combining current and optical detection
with the ability to manage multiple zones (V321
range). Internal arc fault detection can also PowerLogic A3 PowerLogic A5
be embedded in HV protection relays such as Arc flash protection Arc flash protection
PowerLogic P3 and P5 or other arc protection
devices such as PowerLogic A3.

These technologies detect faults in milliseconds, reducing exposure and risk. They can also integrate with conventional
protection relays for more complete, selective protection.

Additional resources
Product information: Protection relays
Blog: The dangers of arc flash and how to protect against them
Blog: Arc flash protection: Combining containment and mitigation

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
Engineering Controls
5. Limit the consequence with internal
Admin arc withstand performance (IAC)
Controls

When an internal arc occurs, pressurePPE and heat build rapidly—posing a serious risk to personnel in the area. Internal Arc
Classification (IAC), as defined in IEC/EN 62271-200, assures that the switchgear can contain and safely vent this energy.

What IAC ratings include:

• Accessibility class:
- A – Access restricted to authorized personnel
- B – Accessible to the general public (e.g., in outdoor or publicly
exposed areas)

• Protection sides:
- F – Front
- L – Lateral (side)
- R – Rear

• Test performance: Rated in kA (fault current) and seconds (duration)

10. Fire Prevention Guide, page 10

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Basic cubicle
3-sides internal arc protection IAC: A-FL

• 12.5 kA 1 s, 16 kA 1 s and 20 kA 1 s

SM AirSeT switchboard is positioned against the wall, access to the

rear of the cubicles is impossible, and internal arc protection on
three sides is sufficient.

Example of installation of an SM AirSeT switchboard installed against the

wall, IAC: A-FL: 3-sides internal arc protection

Advanced cubicle
4-sides internal arc protection IAC: A-FLR

• 12.5 kA 1 s, 16 kA 1 s and 20 kA 1 s

For SM AirSeT switchboards installed in the middle of a room, 4-sided

internal arc protection is necessary to help protect an operator moving
around the switchboard.

Example of installation of an SM AirSeT switchboard installed in the

middle of a room downwards exhaust 16 kA 1 s, IAC: A-FLR: 4-sides
internal arc protection

Advanced cubicle
Choice of exhaust
(Installation requirements manual to be considered)

• Downwards exhaust
Civil engineering with an adequate volume is necessary.

• Upwards exhaust for SM AirSeT

A ceiling height greater or equal to 2 150 mm is necessary,
duct at the right or left side of the cubicle (not supplied).

Example of installation of an SM AirSeT switchboard installed in the

middle of a room upwards exhaust 12.5, 16 kA 1 s and 20 kA 1 s, IAC:
A-FLR: 4-sides internal arc protection

SM AirSeT

Basic IAC: A-FL, 12.5 KA 1 s

Advanced IAC: A-FLR, 12.5 kA 1 s
IAC: A-FL & IAC: A-FLR,16 kA 1 s
IAC: A-FL & IAC: A-FLR, 20 kA 1 s

Figure 7: Schneider Electric SM AirSeT IAC Classifications

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

For indoor electrical rooms: Schneider Electric recommends a minimum rating of IAC
A-FL or A-FLR

For outdoor or prefabricated substations: Refer to IEC/EN 62271-202, which

specifically addresses substations up to 52 kV and accounts for proximity to the public.
In these applications, a minimum rating of IAC AB is recommended.

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
6. Personal
Admin
Controls
protective equipment (PPE): Last line of defense
PPE
PPE
None of the previous recommendations or solutions replace a proper risk assessment or
PPE selection. All regulations require a risk assessment before working on or near electrical
Watch the Videos
equipment. National standards like:
11
• NFPA70E (US) • EN 50110-1/2 (EU)

require a full risk evaluation before working on or near electrical systems. This assessment
also affects PPE selection.

Consider using one of several established methods:

12
ArcFault™ Medium and High
• IEEE 1584 : Calculates incident energy (in cal/cm²) and defines arc flash boundaries Voltage Arc Flash Analysis
• DGUV 203-077: Germany's approach, which offers both basic and advanced
Watch Video
calculation methods
14
• NENS 09-2014: Australia’s standard for arc flash risk and PPE

While calculation methods differ, they all consider key factors such as prospective three-
phase short-circuit current, fault clearance time, working distance, system voltage, busbar
layout, and enclosure type.

And for PPE itself:

• EC/EN 61482-1-1: Covers arc ratings like ATPV, EBT, or ELIM

15
• IEC/EN 61482-2 : Assigns protection classes (APC 1 or APC 2) ETAP demo
13

Schneider Electric recommends software tools like ETAP and Caneco for calculations and Watch Video
analysis. Both platforms support all major standards.

11. EN 50110-1 EN 50110-2

12. IEEE Standards Association, Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
13. ETAP, DGUV-I 203-077 Arc Energy Analysis.
14. Energy Council of Australia, Electrical Arc Flash Hazard Management Guideline.
15. IEC 61482-2

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Safety starts at the MV design phase

Design is one of the most powerful levers for improving electrical safety. Decisions made early in a project—long before
equipment is installed—can significantly reduce the risk of arc flash incidents later. By embedding safety criteria into each design
and planning phase, from layout to equipment selection, it's possible to anticipate hazards, plan for safer maintenance, and meet
compliance from the start.

Embedding safety into the design process ensures better protection throughout a facility’s life.

Design phase What to consider

Pre-design • Can the electrical system be fully de-energized for maintenance (including MV substation)?
• How is the facility supplied if the main MV substation is off?
Schematic design • Where will the electrical equipment be installed?
• How will access to this equipment be controlled?
• Is the MV substation in:
- an outside prefabricated substation?
- a dedicated electrical room inside the building?
- an indoor technical room shared with other equipment (LV panel, for example)?
• What are the foreseeable scenarios in the MV substation for:
- frequent operation?
- occasional operation?
- unplanned operation?

• Will arc flash mitigation, such as sensors, IAC-rated gear, or remote operation tools, be
Design development
included? See the decision tree for the AIS secondary MV substation as an example.

Construction documents • Are arc flash studies part of the short-circuit and protection calculations?
Bidding • See specification recommendation on page 53
Commissioning • Has a specific risk assessment been completed for startup and testing activities?

See the Decision Tree below to guide you through preventive arc flash measures when selecting indoor Medium
Voltage Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS).

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Arc flash preventive measure selection in

Decision Tree: Arc flash preventive measure
MV AIS switchgear Decision Tree
selection in indoor MV AIS switchgear

Start selection of AF
preventive measure for an MV
metal enclosed switchgear

Installation MV equipment in
a dedicated room
Characteristics with no other
equipment

Yes No OR don’t know

Operation in front
of live panel is
forbidden

Worker
Remote Operation Yes No OR don’t know
Operations

Maintenance or
evolution of live
panel is
forbidden

Remote Monitoring Yes No OR don’t know

IEC/EN 62271-2 Eqt IAC Class A-FL(R)

IEC/EN 62271-2 Eqt IAC Class A-FL(R)
Optical arc fault detection and
with remote monitoring
remote monitoring

20 se.com/electrical-safety
02 Low
 voltage main, secondary, EcoStruxure
Power Monitoring

and control switchboards

MV
IEC/EN 6227 1-200
IAC A-FLSM Airset
PowerLogic A3

Back-up generator (Opt)

Trihal MV/LV
transformer
Local sources
(Opt)
TSE PowerLogic A3

Main LV SB Main LV switchboard

IEC/EN 61439
Class C IEC/TR 61640 +
Optical Arc Detection MasterPacT MasterPacT
Okken + A3 MTZ ERMS MTZ ERMS

Secondary
switchboard
Control Panel
MasterPacT UPS
MTZ ERMS

PanelSet
Sec SWB VSD
IEC/EN 61439
PrismaSet P

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Real-life case examples with

low voltage equipment
During a switchboard modification (addition of a circuit in a spare
column of a live switchboard), a cable strand slipped in the live busbar
compartment, creating a short circuit across phases. The resulting arc
flash caused serious burns to the worker’s hands and face.

During commissioning, an operator closed a circuit breaker manually,

energizing cables that were probably damaged during the installation.
The resulting arc flash caused light injuries due to the PPE but heavy
damage to the switchboard itself.

Managing arc flash hazards in low-voltage switchboards:

An introduction
Main low-voltage (LV) switchboards and associated transformers typically concentrate the highest arc flash risk in an installation.
These systems must balance power reliability with worker safety, especially during operation or maintenance.

This chapter follows the Hierarchy of Controls, helping designers reduce electrical hazards by applying elimination, substitution,
engineering controls, administrative measures, and PPE.

Preventing dangerous situations

Select and install LV equipment according to its intended operation.

Proper design begins with understanding how the switchboard will be used over time during normal operation, maintenance, and
potential expansion. Selecting equipment that supports safe operation during all three phases is essential to avoid unnecessary
exposure to electrical hazards.

To support this process, Schneider Electric recommends using the Service Index. This framework helps
Tip
specifiers select the appropriate level of functional safety based on three dimensions:
Select LV
equipment based
• Operation – Setting, locking, and padlocking on its intended
• Maintenance – Cleaning, checking, and repair use. Don’t over- or
• Evolution – Additions, modifications, or expansion under-design. The
Service Index helps
Each category is evaluated as either: align switchboard
architecture with
expected access
1: Not required
and operational
2: Wanted needs.
3: Essential

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

The switchboard Operation Maintenance Evolution

must permit Setting Checking Addition
Locking Cleaning Modifications
The application's Padlocking Repairing Expansion
continuty of
service is:

Shutting down the whole Shutting down the whole Shutting down the whole
1. Not required switchboard switchboard switchboard

Shutting down only the

Shutting down only the Addition of a FU in
2. Wanted concemed FU
concerned FU with
pre-equiped spare slots
connections handling

Addition of a FU
Shutting down only the Shutting down only the
without shutting down the
3. Essential concerned FU concerned FU without
switchboard, free addition
Allows «test» position connections handling
in non-equiped spare slots

Figure 8: Service Index framework for LV switchboard operation, maintenance, and evolution—
categorizing requirements for application continuity as ‘Not required,’ ‘Wanted,’ or ‘Essential.’
Note: Depending on the Service Index value (e.g., 211, 223, 333), operators will be able to carry out interventions on the switchboard
while maintaining continuity of service—or not—based on the architecture chosen.

The Service Index also links to IEC/EN 61439 guidance on forms of separation inside LV switchboards (e.g., Form 1, Form 2b, etc.).
These "Forms" help define the level of internal compartmentalization, reducing electric shock risk during intervention.

While Service Index and

form address electric
shock hazards, they do not
fully cover arc flash risk. To
strengthen protection, these
specifications should be
complemented with targeted
internal arc mitigation
strategies, as outlined in
the following sections.

Figure 9: Representation of different forms of LV functional distribution switchboards

Source: Schneider Electric Electrical Installation Wiki, Chapter E, Distribution switchboards.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Elimination

Substitution
Elimination
Engineering
Controls
Admin
1. Eliminate the hazard: Design for Controls
de-energized work
PPE
The foundation of electrical worker safety is clear: work on de-energized equipment whenever possible. LOTO (Lock Out/Tag Out)
procedures, defined by global safety standards, require circuits to be de-energized, locked in the off position, tagged, and verified
as voltage-free before any intervention begins.

To support LOTO procedures, Schneider Electric provides devices tested for isolation and designed to enhance safety during
maintenance and servicing tasks.

1.1 Devices suitable for isolation with Positive Open indication

All ComPacT NS, NSX, and NSXm INS circuit breakers and switch disconnectors from Schneider Electric are designed in
accordance with IEC/EN 60947 standards to meet isolation requirements:

• Tested for isolation, including:

- No dangerous leakage currents when contacts are open

- Overvoltage withstands between upstream and downstream terminals

- Reliable indication of contact position

• Positive break indication via operating handle or motor mechanism:

- The "O" (Open) position can only be displayed when all main contacts are truly open.

- Padlocks can only be applied in the open position, ensuring true mechanical disconnection before servicing.

These features make it easy to verify the status of the equipment and lock it during maintenance activities for increased safety.

Tip
Always select
devices tested for
isolation with visible
contact status
and compatible
accessories to
support safer de-
energized work.

Example of CompPacT INS, combining

positive contact indication with secure
padlocking options

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

1.2 Visible break

While positive contact indication through an operating handle is critical, having direct visual confirmation of physical contact
separation provides an additional layer of safety, especially during high-risk maintenance tasks.

Schneider Electric offers several solutions to help operators visually verify that a circuit is truly open before proceeding:

• ComPacT INV switch disconnectors feature a transparent cover, allowing the physical separation of main contacts to be
clearly observed.

• Withdrawable circuit breakers in chassis (e.g., MasterPacT MTZ in rack-out or test position) make contact separation
obvious through visible disconnect status.

• Withdrawable drawers in Okken and BlokSeT switchboards provide a reliable visual indication when in the test or isolated position.

Product spotlight Tip

When available,
All withdrawable devices provide visual indication when racked-out. always specify
devices or
configurations
that provide
direct visibility of
contact separation,
particularly in
critical applications.

ComPacT INV “visible break”

The ComPacT INV switch disconnector combines high- MasterPacT MTZ racked out
performance isolation with intuitive visual feedback, and padlocked
making it easier to enforce proper procedures.

1.3 Padlocking accessories to enforce LOTO compliance

Even when a device is correctly isolated, unauthorized re-energization remains a risk, especially in shared environments or facilities
with rotating crews. Padlocking accessories provide a simple yet powerful method to physically lock the device in the open (off)
position, supporting safe maintenance and full compliance with LOTO procedures.

Schneider Electric offers a range of accessories designed to enhance control and accountability during isolation:

• Rotary handles for ComPacT NS, NSX, and NSXm can be padlocked in the “O” position only after the contacts are
confirmed open.

• Motor mechanisms (when applicable) include interlocks that prevent locking unless the breaker is in the fully open position.

• Keyed interlocks can enforce sequential operations or restrict access to certain enclosures.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Tip
These accessories are purpose-built to support rigorous safety protocols, ensuring that Specify padlocking kits for all
maintenance work stays de-energized until authorized personnel remove every precaution. accessible switchgear and
integrate them into standard
Watch the ‘Locking Out MasterPacT® NW Circuit Breakers’ video. LOTO procedures for your site.

Figure 10: Example of various option of ComPacT NSX padlocking means

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls Substitution

2. Substitute the hazard: Use remote operation and monitoring

Admin
Controls
PPE
One solution to minimize electrical workers’ exposure to hazards is to minimize local operation through connectivity and remote
operation.

MasterPacT, ComPacT NS 630-1600A, and ComPacT NSX can be equipped with motor mechanism for remote operation (through
hardwire or connectivity).

MasterPacT MTZ MicroLogic X may also be controlled by a smartphone locally but from a higher distance compared to embedded
push button.

Video example: Remote operation MasterPacT MTZ MicroLogic X

Additional tip: If remote operation of ComPacT NS or NSX is not selected, but regular switching is expected, use rotary handles
through closed doors instead of front-panel levers. This limits exposure to live parts during frequent operation.

Note: MasterPacT breakers can also be racked in or out locally from a greater distance than embedded mechanisms allow, offering
added protection during setup or maintenance.

Video example: Remote racking of MasterPacT MTZ

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls Substitution

3. Substitute the hazard:

Admin
Controls
Reduce arc fault energy
PPE
Arc flash severity is determined not only by the current level but also by the duration of the fault. Reducing arc fault energy, by
minimizing tripping time and fine-tuning protection threshold, is critical to enhanced worker safety.

3.1 Careful selection of protection setting, including ZSI

Effective arc flash mitigation starts with choosing the correct overcurrent settings across the entire installation. The goal is twofold:

• Detect arc fault current levels (even when they’re below bolted short-circuit values)

• Minimize tripping time to reduce energy release

Standards such as IEC/HD 6036416 and associated national codes specify short-circuit protection
Tip
settings based on: Protection
thresholds must
1. Withstand capacity of conductors be low enough to
detect minimum
2. Minimum earth fault detection at the circuit end arc fault current.
Setting thresholds
3. Selectivity with downstream devices too high, even if
compliant, may
However, these criteria can result in settings that do not trip quickly enough in the case of an internal arc, delay tripping and
increase hazard.
especially when the arc current is significantly lower than the bolted fault current.

16. International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60364 Low voltage electrical installations

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Example 1: Usual calculation and setting for the main incomer of LV switchboard

Let’s consider a low voltage switchboard fed by a 2000kVA TFO at 400V.

The main incomer circuit-breaker rated

3200A may have settings compliant with
IEC standards such as:

•Isd = 25kA Tsd 0.4s and Ii =35kA (blue

curve) according to Ik3 max and Ief min
(red and green curves)

At the main switchboard busbar level,

short-circuit calculation gives:

Ik3max: 44.2kA
Ik2max: 38.3kA
Ik1max: 43.3kA
Ik2min: 31.1kA Such a compliant setting will not clear an
Ik1min: 35.2kA internal arc fault in time
Iefmin: 36.0kA

Figure 11

According to the recognized arc flash calculation method described in Chapter 1,

the actual arc fault current at the main busbar of a switchboard can be as low as half Tip
the minimum three-phase short-circuit current (Iaf min ≈ 0.5 × Ik3min). In this case, Short-circuit settings of a
switchboard’s main incomer (or
that results in approximately 18kA (orange curve). A fault current this low may not be
upstream protection) shall consider
detected by the short-circuit protection function and instead be cleared by the overload minimum arc fault current inside the
function, leading to significantly longer trip times (several seconds) and much higher arc switchboard, in addition to protection
energy. of conductors and protection against
electric shock. A common mistake
The DGUV 203-077 guideline uses a simplified assumption of minimum arcing current is setting the short-circuit protection
at 0.5 × Ik3min. Similarly, IEEE 1584 arc flash calculations at 400 V and 44kA bolted threshold of incomers too high,
fault current yield arc fault currents between 22 and 25kA, depending on bus gap which can compromise protection
against internal arc faults and should
assumptions. For systems above 50kA, IEEE 1584 shows arc fault current values may fall
be avoided.
well below half the bolted fault level.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Example 2: Calculation and setting for the main incomer of LV switchboard

Let’s consider a low voltage switchboard fed by a 3150kVA TFO at 400V.

MTZ 5000A, MTZ 2500A, and MTZ 1600A

Short-circuit setting value is selected

Ik3max: 67.5kA Ik3 min: 53.2kA
according to Iaf min, but selectivity
Ik2max: 58.4kA Iaf min: 26.6kA
between 3 levels of MTZ implies time delay
Ik1max: 65.8kA
which leads to delayed tripping in case of
Ik2min: 46.1kA
arc fault in the main switchboard.
Ik1min: 51.2kA
Iefmin: 53.1kA

Figure 12
When short-circuit protection is correctly set to account for minimum arc fault current, time-based selectivity in category B breakers
(like MasterPacT) can still delay tripping—allowing higher arc energy. Implementing Zone Selective Interlocking (ZSI) helps minimize
this delay, preserving selectivity while reducing arc fault energy.

ZSI can significantly reduce tripping time during internal arc faults. Switchboards
using category A breakers—like ComPacT NSX and NSXm—naturally limit arc
energy thanks to their current-limiting properties.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Important notice on selectivity compatibility:

Tip
MasterPacT and ComPacT NS >630A breakers with MicroLogic trip units are designed to provide: Apply a short
time delay only
• One-step time-based selectivity with downstream MasterPacT and ComPacT NS when necessary,
with the minimum
• Enhanced energy selectivity with downstream ComPacT NSX breakers value ensuring
This means upstream devices do not need to disable instantaneous trip settings or increase selectivity.
Consider ZSI to
delay unnecessarily, unless extremely low Isd settings are required when used upstream a reduce the tripping
ComPacT NSX. time.

3.2 Use internal arc mitigation system (IAMS - IEC TS63107)

Even if arc flash hazards cannot be fully eliminated, they can be significantly mitigated using a system designed to detect and react
rapidly to internal arc faults. According to IEC TS 63107, an Internal Arc Mitigation System (IAMS) consists of:

• An Internal Arc Detection Device (IACD) – typically an optical sensor

• An Internal Arc Reduction Device (IARD) – such as a circuit breaker or an Arc Quenching Device (AQD)

These form a coordinated system that minimizes fault duration and energy release.

3.2.1 Use of optical internal arc detection device (IACD according to IEC 60947-9-2)

Optical arc detection systems use sensors to detect the light from
an arc fault within a few milliseconds. In MV systems, adding this
capability is impractical due to existing current transformers used
for other protections. In LV systems, adding dedicated current
transformers is often too costly. However, “light-only” detection is
acceptable in some cases, particularly when arc flash can only result
from external causes. Alternatively, an MV-based IACD paired with an
arc sensor in the LV switchboard can provide coverage upstream of
the main LV incomer.

Figure 13: Simple LV IACD

architecture (MV/LV transformer
protected by fuse)

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

No current detection With current detection

Current criteria for improved continuity of

No current detection supply where risk of parasitic light is present

Figure 14: MV – LV IACD Advanced architecture (transformer protected by CB): LVMS supplied by only one source

With current detection With current detection and Arc Quencher

Current criteria for improved continuity of (Current criteria is mandatory with Arc
supply where risk of parasitic light is present Quencher)

Figure 15: MV – LV IACD high-performance architecture with multiple transformers/multiple zones to be managed

Note 1: Hypotheses—The utility owns upstream MV protection.

Note 2: The two sensors upstream of the MV circuit breaker can send a trip signal to the breaker. However, the fault will remain uncleared unless another upstream
circuit breaker, controlled by the A3 relay, can also trip.
Note 3: Transformer sensors and the line side of the MLVS can be connected to MV A3 or LV A3 and trip the MV circuit breaker.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Figure 16: Example of BlokSet Panel with Vamp 321 (A5)

3.2.2 Use of optical internal arc detection device (IACD) + Arc Quenching device (AQD according to IEC
60947-9-1)

An arc quenching device (AQD) may be deployed to mitigate the energy released during an internal arc fault. This device
operates by instantaneously creating a low-impedance path between phases, effectively extinguishing the arc and redirecting
the fault current to a bolted short circuit, which is rapidly cleared by the upstream protection device.

Activation is triggered by an optical internal arc detection device (IACD) such as the VAMP A125 or A321, which may also
include current sensing to avoid false positives in brightly lit environments.

Arc quenching device – typical specifications:

• Two-phase connection to the main busbar system
• Rated peak withstand current (Ipk): 220 kA
• Rated short-time withstand current (Icw): 100 kA / 300 ms
• Rated operating voltage: 400–690 V AC, 50 Hz
NB: The Arc Quencher and related components are currently available
for use and sale in the EU, UK, Switzerland, and Norway only.
Figure 17: Example IACD device

This type of mitigation strategy can be more expensive and may stress the installation during activation. For this reason,
Schneider Electric recommends considering AQD solutions only when previous preventive measures, such as detection-only
schemes or fast tripping, do not sufficiently reduce the arc hazard.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Proven solution: Tip

Internal Arc Mitigation Systems
PrismaSet Active has been successfully tested at 66 kA / 400 V AC using a (IAMS), including IACDs such
VAMP A125 relay paired with an Arc Quencher. as PowerLogic Arc Flash relays,
help reduce arc fault energy
independently of fault current and
protection thresholds. Current
Coverage benefit: detection may be added to the light
detection to improve continuity of
IAMS can protect not only the equipment downstream of the main breaker, supply where risk of other luminous
but also upstream connections not otherwise covered by the device, providing arc than internal arc may occur.
broader protection across the switchboard. This detection may have a very low
threshold compared to short-circuit
usual threshold.
Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
4. Limit the consequence of an equipment failure or human error by engineering control Engineering Controls
Admin
Controls
4.1 Switchboard partitioning PPE

While internal separation—defined in IEC/EN 61439-2 Clause 8.101—does not guarantee arc flash protection (see Note 3), thoughtful
switchboard design can reduce the severity of an arc event and limit exposure to adjacent equipment.

One critical zone is the power connection upstream of the main incomer, which remains energized even when the main circuit
breaker is open. Partitioning this area improves safety for nearby working sections and supports emergency containment.

A = Incoming device
B = Main busbar
C = Distribution busbar
D = Outgoing device
E = Terminals for external conductors
F = Enclosure IP2X

Recommended practice:

Use at least Form 2b, 3b, or 4b internal separation for these upstream power zones.

Form 2b Form 3b Form 4b

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

4.2 Protective devices safety clearances

A frequent cause of internal arc faults is inadequate clearance around protective devices. During fault interruption, expelled gases
or arc energy may ignite an upstream arc on nearby busbars if clearances are insufficient.

For standard compliance:

Follow Schneider Electric’s minimum clearance guidelines (e.g., for ComPacT NSX) to prevent arc initiation from thermal or gas
effects.

Clearances with respect to live bare busbars

Minimum clearances for ComPacT NSX100 to 630

Operating voltage Clearances with respect to live bare busbars

Spacing ≤ 60 mm Spacing > 60 mm
F1 F2 F1 F2
U < 440 V 350 350 80 80
440 V & U € 500 V 350 350 120 120
U > 500 V Prohibited: insulating screen required
between device and busbars

Figure 18: Example clearance zones for ComPacT NSX

4.3 Internal arc withstand (IEC TR 61641 2014)

IEC Technical Report 61641 defines a set of performance-based criteria to assess whether a low-voltage switchboard can contain
an arc fault and minimize personal injury or equipment damage.

Evaluation criteria (1-7) as per IEC/TR 61641:

1. Doors and panels remain securely fastened and do not open.

2. No heavy components (>60g) are ejected.

3. No holes form in external parts of the envelope within 2m of access.

4. Cotton indicators do not ignite (except from burning paint/stickers).

5. Protective circuits on accessible enclosures remain functional.

6. The assembly confines the arc to its point of origin; the arc does not propagate to other areas within the assembly.

7. A
 fter the fault is cleared, or after isolation or disassembly of the affected functional units in the defined area, emergency
operation of the remaining assembly is possible.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Classification of assemblies according to internal arc tests (Table A.1 of IEC/TR 61641:2014)

Arcing Class A Personnel protection. (Criteria 1 to 5)

Arcing Class B Personnel + confined arcing zone (criteria 1–6)
Arcing Class C Personnel + confined arc zone + limited post-event operation (criteria 1–7)
Arcing Class I Arc prevention via fully insulated, protected zones

Recommended level:

Schneider Electric recommends Arcing Class C for practical safety and continuity.

Note: IEC/EN 62271-200 MV standard requires arc testing even for fully insulated compartments. IEC /TR 61641 for LV Class I does
not. While Class I assumes fully insulated zones, this is rarely guaranteed across the full board. Small installation errors or hidden
insulation damage may defeat this protection.

The following Schneider Electric solutions have been tested to support enhanced internal arc protection:

PrismaSet P Form 4 Okken and BlokSeT

For further
Tested according to IEC/TR 61641 with Also tested according to IEC/TR 61641
reading
and without VAMP 125 and arc quencher
Learn more
about internal arc
withstand tests in the
Electrical Installation
Guide.

Figure 19: PrismaSeT and Okken switchboards

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
4. Reinforced maintenance procedure
Admin
Controls
with energy reducing maintenance setting Administrative Control

PPE
When interacting with energized equipment cannot be avoided (for example, during initial commissioning or system troubleshooting),
reducing the arc energy exposure becomes critical. Energy Reduction Maintenance Settings (ERMS) offer a temporary way to
reduce fault-clearing time during live work, decreasing the energy released in the event of an arc fault.

Note: Although ERMS can significantly reduce arc energy by enabling very fast tripping—especially in MasterPacT breakers—it is
considered an administrative control in the hierarchy of risk reduction. This is because it must be manually activated before work
begins, making it dependent on proper execution of procedures.

Available in circuit breakers like MasterPacT MTZ with MicroLogic X or Active, ERMS enables maintenance personnel to manually
engage a special mode that adjusts the protection curve for faster response.

ERMS characteristics:

• Can be engaged directly on a circuit breaker or through a remote switch wired to the breaker

• Reduces both tripping time and instantaneous trip threshold when engaged

• In MicroLogic X offers, enables full adjustability of an alternative LSI(G) protection curve in addition to the standard

• In MicroLogic Active, adds an adjustable fast instantaneous setting

• Requires manual engagement and disengagement—procedures must ensure these steps are followed consistently

• Recognized as an arc energy reduction per NEC 240.87 in the U.S. and as an IAMS solution per IEC 60364-4-42 (clause 427 Note 1)

The following graph shows examples of the tripping curves of the standard
protection functions with and without ERMS engaged:

N Normal: Tripping curve for standard protection functions

with ERMS disengaged (set A or set B if dual settings is
enabled)
R Reduced: Tripping curve for standard protection
functions with ERMS engaged
The ERMS function can be engaged using the
EcoStruxure Power Device app (password-protected)
and/or an external selector switch.

While the ERMS function is engaged:

• A blue ERMS LED (A) is lit on the front face of the
MicroLogic X control unit
• Quick View scrolling is interrupted and the ERMS
engaged message is displayed with a blue backlight
• All screens, except alarm and trip pop-up messages,
page 90, are displayed with a blue backlight

Figure 20: Example of ERMS function as proposed in MasterPacT MTZ MicroLogic X

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Protected area according to ERMS location ERMS implemented upstream of protective

device to reduce arc energy at the switchboard
ERMS implemented in the main incomer of a undergoing maintenance:
switchboard subject of electrical work:

Advantage: Activation and signalization is in the

same zone as in the working zone. Advantage: The downstream switchboard is
protected.
Drawback: The upstream connection of the
main incomer is not protected. Drawback: Activation and signalization may be
in a different location of the working zone.
Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
5. Personal
Admin protective equipment (PPE): Last line of defense
Controls PPE Tip
PPE
None of the previous design or protection measures eliminate the need for a proper arc flash risk ERMS provides
fast-acting
assessment and the selection of appropriate PPE for each task.
protection during
live work, but
The methodology described in Chapter 1 for MV substations applies equally to LV applications. only if operators
engage it. Ensure
However, while access to MV equipment is typically restricted and well-managed, this is often not the it is clearly
case for LV equipment, especially in commercial and industrial environments where final distribution documented in
boards may be located in publicly accessible or frequently occupied areas. maintenance
procedures and
that field staff are
Global practices and the role of labeling
trained on proper
use.
In the U.S., NFPA 70E requires labeling each LV switchboard with incident energy levels and arc flash
boundary zones. Outside the U.S., multiple risk assessment methodologies exist, and no universal
solution applies. However, we recommend displaying a warning message on LV equipment and around
the electrical room.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Schneider Electric recommendation to design LV equipment

according to intended use and new IEC standard

IEC 60364-4-42:2024

Since its 2024 update, IEC 60364-4-42 includes internal arc fault protection requirements in Clause 427, covering:

• 427.1 – Protection of persons

• 427.2 – Protection of the assembly itself

Protection of persons

For assemblies rated ≥ 800 A and installed where the presumed short-circuit current is ≥ 25 kA (AC), Clause 427.1
requires measures to protect workers from internal arc faults. Accepted solutions include:

• Locating assemblies away from regular personnel access

• Using assemblies tested for internal arc withstand
• Implementing an Internal Arc Mitigation System (IAMS)
• Applying fast-acting instantaneous protection—temporary or permanent—such as ERMS

Where energized work is frequent, IEC recommends using IAMS or fast instantaneous protection to reduce
exposure risk.

Protection of the assembly

Clause 427.2 focuses on protecting the equipment itself in critical continuity of service scenarios. Internal arc faults not only
endanger personnel, they can also cause significant damage to equipment and surrounding structures.

Where service continuity is essential, IEC recommends installing an Internal Arc Mitigation System (IAMS) that conforms to IEC TS
63107.

Support for operational continuity

Operational continuity is the ability of an electrical system to remain functional under fault conditions. This depends on:

• Redundant design

• Preventive maintenance

• Protection strategies like IAMS or ERMS

IEC 60364-4-42:2024 supports these goals with clear provisions that balance safety and resilience—especially in environments
where downtime carries financial, operational, or safety consequences.

The Schneider Electric decision tree in the following pages offers practical guidance on applying these requirements in LV
switchboards.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

How to use the decision trees

To improve electrical worker safety during facility operation, safety considerations must begin at the design stage.

Design step Electrical worker safety questions to address

Pre-design Can the main LV switchboard be fully de-energized periodically for maintenance or not?
How is the facility supplied if the main LV switchboard is off?

Schematic concept design Where will the electrical equipment be located?

How will access control to the equipment be ensured?
Is the LV substation:
- In an outside prefabricated substation?
- In an indoor dedicated electrical room?
- In an indoor technical room shared with other equipment (e.g., MV panel)?
What are the foreseeable frequent, occasional, and unplanned operations on the LV live
equipment?

Design development Decide which arc flash measures to implement based on the above considerations. See, for
(detailed design) example, the decision tree for main LV switchboard substations.

Construction document (biding) Include arc flash analysis in short-circuit and protection study.
See specification recommendations (page 52).

Construction administration Commissioning is a high-risk step. Perform a dedicated risk analysis and implement specific
safety provisions.

The following three decision trees are based on the maximum prospective three-phase short-circuit current, Ik3 max, at 400Vac in
installations supplied by a single source. More complex architectures (e.g., multisource) require adapted applications of the same
principles.

The basic rationale behind the decision tree is that the higher the short-circuit current, and the more frequent the operation or
maintenance, the more robust the preventive measure must be.

Electrical worker operations considered in the decision trees fall into two categories:

1. Operation in front of the (live) panel (Service Index: first digit, as described at the beginning of Part 2).

- Necessary action for the operation or maintenance of the circuits and loads supplied by the panel:
• Circuit operation (open/close/padlock of circuits)
• Power meter reading
Tip
2. Maintenance and evolution of the (live) panel (Service Index: second and third digit). Commissioning
activities,
- Necessary operation for service and maintenance of the panel itself especially first
or devices in the panel energization,
• Fuse replacement, breaker reset require special
precautions and
• Cable terminal inspection, thermographic scans are not covered in
• Test of circuit breakers or automation, such as transfer switches. these trees. These
activities are
- Adding or removing devices from the panel critical and require
special care.

Life is On | Schneider Electric 39

 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Commissioning:

Especially before first energization or re-energization after a long stop:

1. Clean the panel thoroughly before first energization, as loose screws, washers, small pieces, and cable filings can move or fall and
are a common cause of internal arc faults.

2. Visually inspect all compartments.

3. Operate switching devices several times on the dead equipment before the first energization (the open/close operation may cause
small loose elements to fall).

4. Rack in/rack out withdrawable devices several times on dead equipment before first energization (rack in/rack out operations may
cause small loose elements to fall).

5. Ensure all barriers and doors are secured.

6. Perform dielectric testing.

7. Use remote operation or maintain a safe distance during energization.

Troubleshooting:

Troubleshooting also requires careful attention. Though the basic rule is to work on de-energized equipment, sometimes auxiliary
power is needed:

1. Switchboard auxiliary supply

Some troubleshooting and testing requires energizing part of the switchboard. For example, auxiliary circuits (trip coils, motors, trip
units, etc.) may need power for testing.

To eliminate the risk of internal arc fault during LV switchboard troubleshooting, ensure its design allows auxiliary circuit operation,
and test with the main circuit dead. This means supply for switchboard auxiliaries’ circuits shall be taken either:

• Upstream of the main circuit breaker or switch disconnector, in which case, there must be clear labeling or indication of the part
that remains live when the main is open

• From a UPS supplied by the main circuit downstream of the main circuit breaker or switch

• From manual transfer-switching equipment supplied by the main busbar or a backup terminal, where an external supply, such as a
portable generator, can be connected

2. Installation of Portable Power Quality (PQ) measuring equipment

For troubleshooting analysis, measuring voltage and current with a mobile PQ meter may be necessary. This requires a live
installation.

• Probes should be installed with equipment de-energized when possible.

• For the switchboard to be operated without interruption, it should be designed:

- To allow safe access to cables (Form 2b/Form 4b) and provide simple and protected access to bus voltage (through a
spare MCB, for example)

- With built-in power monitoring, including power quality for high ampacity circuits, mobile measurement will be difficult or
impossible on cables or bars due to their size.

MasterPacT MTZ MicroLogic X offers on-site digital modules for harmonic analysis where mobile equipment is impractical.

40 se.com/electrical-safety
 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Decision Tree
Arc A – For
flash Ik3max
preventive < 25
measure kA in LV equipment
selection
Schneider Electric recommendation for internal<25kA
400Vac Ik3max arc preventive
(belowmeasure
theselection
limit of for IEC
LV equipment 400Vac Ik3max <25kA (below the
60364-4-42)
limit of IEC 60364-4-42).

Start Selection of AF preventive

measure for an LV 400Vac panel
Ik3max < 25kA

Main incomer
or upstream
Installation
No
protection: Characteristics
ComPacT NSX
<=630A

Operation in
front of live
No OR don’t know
panel is
forbidden
Remote
Operation
Worker
Yes Yes
Operations

Maintenance or Maintenance or
evolution of evolution of
live panel is live panel is
forbidden forbidden

Yes No OR don’t know Yes No OR don’t know

forbidden

IEC/EN 61439-2 Eqt + IEC/EN 61439-2 Eqt + IEC/EN 61439-2 Eqt +

17
IEC/EN 61439-2/3 Eqt ERMS on the main incomer Arcing class C TR 61641 Arcing class C TR 61641
ERMS on the main incomer

17. IEC/EN 61439-3 equipement rated current is limited to 250A

Life is On | Schneider Electric 41

 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Decision TreeArcBflash
– For 25 kA
preventive ≤ Ik3max
measure selection<
in 50 kA
LV equipment
400Vac
Schneider Electric recommendation for arc flash 25kA<=
preventive measureIk3max < LV
selection for 50kA
equipment 400Vac 25kA ≤ Ik3max < 50kA

Start Selection of AF preventive

measure for an LV 400Vac panel
25kA <= Ik3max < 50kA

Main incomer
or upstream
protection: No
ComPacT NSX
<=630A

Yes Installation
Panel Characteristics
accessible to
IEC/EN 61439-2 Eqt ordinary
person

No Yes

Operation in
front of No OR don’t know
live panel is
forbidden

Remote
Operation Worker
Yes Operations
forbidden

Maintenance or Maintenance or
evolution of evolution of
live panel is live panel is
forbidden 18 forbidden18

Yes No OR don’t know Yes No OR don’t know

IEC 61439-2 Eqt + IEC 61439-2 Eqt +

EC/EN 61439-2 Eqt +
IEC/EN 61439-2 Eqt + 19 Arcing class C TR 61641 OR Arcing class C TR 61641 AND Optical
Arcing class C TR 61641 Internal Arc Detection TS 63107
Arcing class C TR 61641 19 Optical Internal Arc
ERMS on the main incomer 19 ERMS on the main incomer
Detection TS 63107

18. Cable inspection and/or thermography could be allowed if access to cable compartment does not require cover dismounting (doors).
Thermography could be done on dead equipment as temperature is not dropping instantaneously.
19. Or reinforced access control and signaling (eg, arc flash boundary zone)

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Decision Tree C – Arc

Forflash preventive
Ik3max ≥ measure
50 kA selection in LV
equipment 400Vac Ik3max >= 50kA
Schneider Electric recommendation for arc flash preventive measure selection for LV equipment 400Vac Ik3max ≥ 50kA

Start Selection of AF preventive

measure for an LV 400Vac
panel 50kA <= Ik3max

Main incomer or
upstream No
protection:
ComPacT NSX
<=630A

Installation
Yes Characteristics
Panel
accessible to
IEC/EN 61439- Eqt ordinary
person

No Yes

Not recommended by
Schneider Electric
Operation in
front of No OR don’t know
live panel is
forbidden

Remote
Operation Worker
Yes
Operations
forbidden

Maintenance or Maintenance or
evolution of evolution of
live panel is live panel is
forbidden forbidden

No OR don’t know No OR don’t know

Yes Yes

IEC 61439-2 Eqt + IEC 61439-2 Eqt +

IEC 61439-2 Eqt + Arcing class C TR 61641 AND
Arcing class C TR 61641 + Arcing class C TR 61641 +
Optical Internal Arc Detection Optical Internal Arc Detection
ERMS on the main to be used in case of IEC TS 63107
exceptional « normal » operation IEC TS 63107
(ERMS on the main incomer) + Arc Quenching Device

Life is On | Schneider Electric 43

03 Power and distribution
circuits – Busway
system design

MasterPacT MTZ ERMS

Canalis KT

Tap off
unit

ComPacT NSX

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Real-world arc event during busway

tap-off energization
A 400A tap-off unit was installed and energized in a
1600A busway system. During the first close, an arc flash
event occurred, blowing off the panel cover and severely
injuring the operator. Investigations revealed a foreign
object inside the unit and improper panel securing
(missing screw).

Addressing arc flash hazards in busway systems:

An introduction
Busway systems offer efficient power distribution
Elimination but introduce specific arc flash hazards. This section applies the Hierarchy of
Controls to busway design, operation, and maintenance, starting with strategies to eliminate risk and ending with measures to
Substitution
mitigate risk where full elimination isn't possible. Elimination
Engineering
Controls
1. Eliminate the hazard: Design for Admin
de-energized work
Controls

The most effective arc flash protection is toPPE

eliminate the conditions under which an arc can occur. For busway systems, this means:

• Treating the busway like a distributed switchboard, not just a wiring method.
Design for clear isolation, physical containment, and safe operation.

• Designing for de-energized work wherever possible. Plan busway routes and tap-off
locations to enable shutdowns without service interruption, particularly during expansion
or modification.

However, plugging in aElimination

tap-off unit on a live busway is one advantage of this kind of solution. This operation requires consideration
of arc flash risk as follows:
Substitution

Engineering Substitution
Controls
Admin
2. Substitute the hazard:
ControlsReduce arc fault energy
PPE
Short-circuit amplitude and delay settings of a busway protection shall consider minimum arc fault current in the further tap off unit
in addition to protection of conductors and protection against electric shock. See Chapter 2 – careful selection of protection setting,
including ZSI.

Life is On | Schneider Electric 45

 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering
Controls
3. Re-inforced maintenance procedure
Admin with energy reducing maintenance setting Administrative Controls
Controls

When hazards cannot be entirely engineered

PPE out, administrative controls reduce risk by guiding safe behavior:

• Apply Energy-Reducing Maintenance Settings (ERMS) upstream of the busway above 630A, especially for first energization or
modifications to tap-off units. This temporary mode shortens protection delay, limiting arc energy. Label each tap-off with incident
energy level and required PPE.

• Clearly define access zones for energized tap-off areas using signage and colored markings.

• Implement standard operating procedures for tap-off installation and maintenance, including mandatory verification of physical
integrity and ERMS activation.

• Train personnel on the elevated risks of distributed arc initiation points and how to use ERMS and remote operation features
correctly.

Recommended use of ERMS:

• Initial energization of the busway
• Plugging in a new tap-off
• First close of any breaker after modification

Elimination
Figure 21: ERMS-enabled tap-off installation example
Substitution

Engineering
Controls
4. Personal
Admin
Controls
protective equipment (PPE): last line of defense
PPE
PPE
None of the previous design or protection measures eliminate the need for a proper arc flash risk assessment and the selection of
appropriate PPE for each task.

The methodology described in Chapter 1 and 2 for LV equipment apply to busway.

46 se.com/electrical-safety
 Secondary Control
switchboard Panel UPS

04 Final distribution
Sec SWB MasterPacT MTZ ERMS PanelSet
IEC/EN 61439
PrismaSeT P VSD
Canalis KT

boards and circuits Tap off

unit

ComPacT NSX

Distribution HQ Distribution
Board Board

LV DB
IEC/EN 61439-3
PrismaSeT G

47 se.com/power-availability
 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Real-world arc event from

overlooked risks in final circuits
A technician investigated a wiring mistake in a tripping
coil of a modular device in a distribution board. A loose
wire arced to the nearby busbar, causing severe burns
and localized panel damage.
This type of incident is not uncommon in final circuits,
where the perceived risk is low—but the exposure is
high. These boards are often where technicians perform
modifications, additions, or replacements, sometimes
while energized.

Enhancing safety in final distribution boards:

An introduction
In addition to the recommendations in Chapter 2 (including the decision tree for LV equipment with
Ik3max <25 kA), final distribution boards require special consideration. While the risk of arc flash may be Tip
Arc flash doesn’t
lower due to reduced fault current and the presence of current-limiting breakers, electrical shock hazards
require high
remain significant, and arc events are still possible. current. In final
boards, worker
Internal arc risks can be underestimated in installations where final distribution boards are combined with proximity and
or fed from non-limiting upstream circuit breakers, such as ComPacT NS 630–1600 N/H or MasterPacT incomplete
protections
MTZ. Even at lower fault currents, prolonged clearing times can release dangerous energy.
increase the
likelihood and
Certain wiring accessories on the market may also encourage hot-plug behavior for modular devices severity of injury.
without considering arc flash risk. Schneider Electric accessories, such as Linergy FM and Linergy DX,
are engineered for ease of wiring but are not intended for live insertion.

Although final distribution boards typically carry lower fault current, they are among the electrical system’s
most frequently accessed and modified parts. Because they’re compact and often wall-mounted in
accessible areas, they present unique risks:

• Frequent interaction during maintenance or reconfiguration

• High likelihood of energized work, especially in retrofit or expansion

• Lack of form separation or arc containment in smaller enclosures

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Elimination

Substitution
Elimination
Engineering
Controls
1. Eliminate risk: Avoid live modifications
Admin
Controls
PPE
The safest option is to ensure final distribution boards are never modified or serviced while energized.

• Design for isolation. Ensure that final circuit rows can be de-energized independently
without disrupting the entire panel.

• Separate and protect. Isolate final distribution rows from upstream circuits and protect them
with a dedicated current-limiting device.

• Restrict live work. Standard designs do not support energized modifications. These operations must only occur on
Elimination
de-energized equipment.
Substitution

Engineering Substitution
Controls
2. Substitute withAdmin
less hazardous components
Controls
Reduce the likelihoodPPE
of misuse by replacing unsafe practices and components:

• Avoid accessories that enable hot-plug behavior. Some market offerings promote modular changes under load,
increasing arc risk.

• Use Schneider accessories like Linergy FM and Linergy DX only for safe, de-energized wiring—never for live insertion.
Elimination
• Provide spare, pre-installed modules or accessible empty slots to reduce the temptation of unplanned expansion.
Substitution

Engineering
Controls
3. Limit the consequence of an equipment failure or human error by engineering control
Admin
Engineering Controls

Controls
Include physical barriers and visual cues to reduce exposure:
PPE

• Form separation between phases and rows adds containment in compact enclosures.

• Internal shutters and barriers prevent accidental contact with live terminals.

• Visual indicators show whether devices are open or closed.

• Apply the Service Index during design to define which rows will require frequent access or extension.

• Select Compact NSX up to 630A and MasterPacT MTZ with ERMS for higher rating

Real-world risk
This type of installation shall
not be modified or serviced
while energized.

No live work Live work on the MCB

rows may be considered

Figure 22: Comparison between a basic switchboard design (Form 1) and a configuration using upstream ERMS and form
separation (Form 2b/2). Small design choices can meaningfully reduce arc flash risk during common operations.

Life is On | Schneider Electric 49

 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Modular accessories and engineered limitations

Wiring systems such as Linergy FM and Linergy DX support safe, compact, and efficient connections in final distribution boards.
However, they are not designed for live insertion. Treat these systems as fixed during operation—design panels with clear barriers,
Elimination
lockout points, and layout provisions to ensure that any modification or expansion is done only when de-energized.
Substitution

Engineering
Controls
4. Administrative
Admin controls: Enforce procedures and awareness Administrative Controls
Controls
Policies and training
PPE are critical when live work cannot be avoided:

• Enforce work permits and LOTO. Require lockout-tagout for all modifications or diagnostics.

• Label incident energy and PPE category. Even small boards should indicate arc flash risk.

• Warn against unauthorized changes. Use signage and internal policy to discourage ad hoc modifications.

5. PPE: The last line of defense PPE

None of the previous recommendations or solutions will replace or eliminate the need for a thorough risk analysis and the selection
of appropriate PPE for each task. The methodology described in Chapter 1 for MV substations also applies here.

Final note

The risk of arc flash isn’t defined by current alone. Final distribution boards often combine lower fault levels with higher human
exposure. Apply the same design discipline here as with high-power switchboards. And, as emphasized in Chapter 1, risk analysis
and proper PPE remain essential—regardless of panel size or current rating.

50 se.com/electrical-safety
05 A
 dditional technical
support tools and
resources

se.com/power-availability 51
 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Provision for enhanced worker safety

in enhanced
Provision for large HV/LV electrical
worker safetyinstallation
in large
HV/LV electrical installation

MV switchgear Software

Arc PowerLogic
Sensor PowerLogic
TH110 PD100
EcoStruxure
Power Monitoring

MV
IEC/EN 6227 1-200 IAC A-FL
Arc
SM AirSeT Sensor

PowerLogic
A3

Back-up generator (Opt)

Arc
Sensor

Trihal MV/LV
transformer

Local sources
Main LV
TSE PowerLogic A3 (Opt)
switchboard MasterPacT MTZ
ERMS

MasterPacT MTZ MasterPacT MTZ

Main LV SB ERMS ERMS
IEC/EN 61439
Class C IEC/TR 61640 +
Optical Arc Detection
Okken + A3

Secondary Control
switchboard Panel UPS

Sec SWB MasterPacT MTZ ERMS PanelSet

IEC/EN 61439
PrismaSeT P VSD
Canalis KT

Tap off
unit

ComPacT NSX

Distribution HQ Distribution
Board Board

LV DB
IEC/EN 61439-3
PrismaSeT G

52 se.com/electrical-safety
 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

In addition to compliance with installation rules for overload, short-circuit (including earth fault), and overvoltage protection, we
recommend the following for improved mitigation of arc hazards.

General
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit

Perform safety audit including arc flash risk assessment using recognized methodology. X
Location of electrical switchgear shall be suitable to the foreseeable electrical worker X
activities.
Electrical installation shall be properly documented with up-to-date single line diagram and X X
equipment labeling and instruction notice.
When dead and live electrical equipment may be in the same or close location, they shall X X
be clearly identified, for example, with voltage presence indication, with large and clear
labeling, or even different colors of enclosures.
Arc flash risk shall be included in short-circuit and selectivity study, in particular for the X X
incoming (or upstream) protective device of an MV switchgear or LV switchboard:
• S
 hort-circuit protection threshold shall be set below the minimum prospective internal arc
fault current in the equipment.
• S
 hort-circuit protection time delay shall be set at the minimum value, ensuring selectivity
when required. Consider the application of ZSI.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Medium/High Voltage equipment (>1000 V)

Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit
MV equipment shall be located in a dedicated room. When not practical, protection against X X
internal arc shall be reinforced with internal arc fault mitigation system.
MV equipment shall comply with IEC/EN 62271-2 IAC with the relevant IAC category X
according to the intended use and with a minimum of IAC “A-FL.”
MV equipment in outdoor prefabricated substation shall comply with IEC/EN 62271-202 IAC X
with the relevant IAC category according to the intended use and with a minimum of IAC “AB.”
MV equipment shall be equipped with actuators and sensors for remote operation and X X
monitoring.
MV equipment shall be equipped with an internal arc fault mitigation system based on a X X
combination of the following components according to the application:
• Arc flash controller unit(s)
• Arc flash monitoring unit(s)
• Current sensing unit(s)
• Arc flash sensor(s) and cable(s)
• Trip multiplying unit(s) when relevant
MV equipment shall be equipped with relevant interlock for MV/LV transformer enclosure and X X
LV main circuit-breaker.
MV internal arc fault mitigation system shall be able to monitor and control the MV/LV X X
transformer terminals (if not fully insulated) and the main LV switchboard.

Transformers
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit
Transformer shall be IP31, and access to terminal X X
interlocked with related MV cubicle.
Transformer terminals shall be equipped with arc fault X X
detection sensors if not fully insulated.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Main Low Voltage Switchboard, Secondary Switchboard,

and Control Panel (M&SLVS CP)
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit

M&SLVS CP shall comply with IEC/EN 61439. X

M&SLVS CP shall be provided with suitable disconnection and padlocking means. X
M&SLVS CP design shall consider the foreseeable activities during its life cycle using X
service index for operation/maintenance and evolution in dead or live state and proper
internal separation using “form” as defined by IEC/EN 61439-2 Annex BB.
Area for connection of external conductor for main incomer(s) shall provide a separation X
with another part of form 2b, 3b, or 4b.
M&SLVS CP design shall include provision to supply auxiliary circuits with no power on X
the main circuits.
M&SLVS CP design shall either include power quality measurement or include a provision X
for easy and safe installation of mobile PQ meter.
Switching and protective devices intended to be frequently operated shall be capable of X
remote operation or at least shall be operated through closed doors.
Installation of protective devices in M&SLVS CP shall follow manufacturer’s instructions X X
regarding safety clearances to avoid a feeder short-circuit evolving into an internal
arc fault.
Selectivity category B protecting M&SLVS CP shall be provided with ERMS function. X X
M&SLVS CP protected by selectivity category B circuit breaker shall be located in a X
dedicated electrical room with access restricted to skilled persons only.
M&SLVS CP protected by selectivity category B circuit breaker and with a prospective X X
short circuit current between 25kA and 50kA shall be either arcing class C according to
IEC/TR61641 or equipped with IACD according to IEC 60947-9-2 or additional preventive
measure such as reinforced access control to the equipment and signalization including
arc flash boundary zone.
M&SLVS CP protected by selectivity category B circuit breaker and with a prospective X X
short circuit current higher than 50kA shall be arcing class C according to IEC/TR61641
and equipped with IACD according to IEC 60947-9-2.
M&SLVS CP protected by selectivity category B circuit breaker and with a prospective X X
short circuit current higher than 50kA intended to be maintained and modified live shall
also be equipped with AQD according to IEC 60947-9-1.
Internal arc mitigation system (IACD with its sensors and/or AQD and circuit-breaker(s)) X
shall comply with the requirements of IEC/TS 63107.
Power quality measuring equipment shall be installed permanently in an installation where X
de-energization for portable equipment installation will not be possible.
Local sources shall be connected to the MLVS and clearly identified. X X

Busways
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit

Selectivity category B protecting busways shall be provided X X

with ERMS function.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Provision for electrical worker safety for small and

medium commercial or industrial buildings

MasterPacT
MasterPacT MTZ
MTZ
ERMS
ERMS
ComPacT
ComPacT NSX
NSX NSXm
NSXm Acti9
Acti9

Figure 24: Provision for enhanced worker safety for electrical installation <=1000KVA and distribution board

ComPacT
ComPacT NSX
NSX
<=630
<=630

ComPacT
ComPacT NSX
NSX ComPacT NSX / Acti9
ComPacT NSX / Acti9

Note: This type of installation has either zero or one circuit breaker, such as the MasterPacT or ComPacT 630-3200A.

56 se.com/electrical-safety
 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

General
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit

Perform safety audit including arc flash risk assessment using recognized methodology. X
Location of electrical switchgear shall be suitable for the foreseeable electrical worker X
activities.
Electrical installation shall be properly documented with up-to-date single-line diagram(s) X X
and equipment labeling.
Arc flash risk shall be included in short-circuit and selectivity study, particularly for the X X
incoming (or upstream) protective device of LV switchboard:
• Short-circuit protection threshold shall be set below the minimum prospective internal arc
fault current in the equipment,
• Short-circuit protection time delay, if any shall be set at the minimum value.

Main Low Voltage Switchboard (MLVS) in small electrical installation of final

distribution board (FD)
Existing New installation
Specification installation or large retrofit
MLVS or FD shall comply with IEC/EN 61439. X
MLVS or FD intended to be operated by ordinary people shall comply to IEC/EN61439-3. X
MLVS or FD shall be provided with suitable disconnection and padlocking means. X X
Short-circuit protection threshold of the main circuit-breaker shall be set below the minimum X X
prospective arc fault current.
Short-circuit protection time delay if any of the main circuit-breaker shall be set at the X X
minimum value.
M&SLVS CP design shall consider the foreseeable activities during its life cycle using X
service index for operation/maintenance and evolution in dead or live state and proper
internal separation using “form” as defined by IEC/EN 61439-2 annex BB.
Area for connection of external conductor for the main incomer(s) shall provide a separation X
with another part of form 2b, 3b, or 4b.
M&SLVS CP design shall include a provision to supply auxiliary circuits with no power on the X
main circuits
M&SLVS CP design shall either include power quality measurement or include provision for X
easy and safe installation of mobile PQ meter.
Switching and protective devices intended to be frequently operated shall be capable of X
remote operation or at least shall be operated through closed doors
Installation of protective devices in M&SLVS CP shall follow the manufacturer’s instructions X
regarding safety clearances to avoid that a feeder short-circuit evolves into internal arc fault.
Selectivity category B protecting M&SLVS CP shall be provided with ERMS function. X X
Final distribution circuit should not be directly connected to a busbar protected by selectivity X
category B circuit-breaker.
M&SLVS CP protected by selectivity category B circuit breaker should be located in a X
dedicated electrical room with access restricted to skilled persons only.
Local sources should be connected to the MLVS and clearly identified. X X

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

Glossary
Term Acronym Definition

Arc flash Free burning arc fault causing a current through air arising from a fault
between conductive parts having different potentials within electrical
equipment. The initiation of a high current arc inside electrical
equipment generates various physical phenomena, causes potentially
(very high) overheating and especially high overpressure inside the
enclosure, which can endanger people in the close proximity of the
assembly (e.g., burns, but also doors sudden opening, projection
of hot materials or gases outside the enclosure) and damages the
equipment.
Assembly internal arc fault IEC 61439 and IEC 60364 wording for the event commonly known as
“arc flash.”
Energy-reducing Maintenance Setting ERMS Function embedded in some overcurrent protective devices such as
MV protective device or low voltage circuit breaker which reduces
overcurrent tripping threshold and time delay during a maintenance
operation. It is typically manually engaged and disengaged through a
switch, communication, or the protective device itself.
Zone selective interlocking ZSI Feature provided by two or more low-voltage circuit breakers with
electronic trip units. The trip unit detects a fault, sends a signal
upstream, and checks for a signal that arrives from downstream.
If there is a signal from downstream, the circuit breaker remains
closed for the full duration of its tripping delay. If there is no signal
from downstream, the circuit breaker trips with no intentional delay,
regardless of the tripping-delay setting. This solution allows time-
based selectivity between two (or more) overcurrent protective
devices in series without increasing tripping time for a fault between
the two devices. This is comparable to MV logic selectivity blocking
scheme.
Internal arc detection device IACD Device intended to detect an internal arc fault, which provides a signal
for the operation of a separate mitigation device or automatically
mitigates the arc fault. Typically, an optical arc detection system.
Arc quenching device AQD Device intended to eliminate arc faults by creating a lower impedance
current path, causing the arcing current to transfer to the new current
path.
Internal arc reduction device IARD Device intended to reduce the energy released by an internal arc
fault. Typically, a circuit-breaker or an arc quenching device (AQD).
Internal arc mitigation system IAMS System consisting of an internal arc fault control device (IACD) and
an internal arc fault reduction device (IARD) that operates in case of
an internal arc fault. Typically, a combination of an optical IACD and a
circuit breaker or arc quenching device.
Lock out, tag out LOTO Lock out, tag out or lockout–tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure used
to ensure that dangerous equipment is properly shut off and cannot
be started up again before the completion of maintenance or repair
work.
Internal arc withstand (LV) IAC* The ability of a low-voltage switchboard or enclosure to safely contain
the effects of an internal arc fault, protecting nearby personnel and
limiting equipment damage. Compliance is typically demonstrated
through testing based on IEC 61439.
Internal arc withstand (MV) IAC* The capacity of medium-voltage switchgear to withstand and contain
the energy released by an internal arc fault. Defined under IEC
62271-200 using the IAC (internal arc classification) label, which
includes test parameters like arc duration, accessibility type (e.g., A or
B), and fault current level.

* While “IAC” is primarily defined for MV, some manufacturers also use the term to describe tested arc withstand performance in LV
equipment.

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 Electrical Worker Safety Guide

References
Normative references
1. ISO 45001 2018 Occupational health and safety management systems — Requirements with guidance for use

2. EN 50110 – 1 2023 Operation of electrical installations - Part 1: General requirements

3. EN 50110 – 2 2023 Operation of electrical installations - Part 2: National annex

4. IEC TS 63527 (Project) Safe management and operation of electrical installations

5. NFPA70E 2024 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (USA)

6. CSA Z462, Electrical Safety in the Workplace (Canada)

7. IEC 61936-1 2021 Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC –Part 1: AC

8. IEC 62271-200 2021 High-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and control gear for
rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

9. IEC 60364-4-42:2024 Low-voltage electrical installations –Part 4-42: Protection for safety – Protection against thermal effects

10. NFPA70 2024 National Electric Code (USA)

11. IEC/EN 61439, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies (All parts)

12. IEC TR 61641, Enclosed low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies – Guide for testing under conditions of arcing due
to internal fault

13. IEC TS 63107:2020, Integration of internal arc-fault mitigation systems in power switchgear and control gear assemblies (PSC-
assemblies) according to IEC 61439-2

14. IEC/EN 60947-9-1:2019, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear – Part 9-1: Active arc-fault mitigation systems – Arc quenching
devices

15. IEC/EN 60947-9-2:2021, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear – Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems – Optical-based
internal arc-detection and mitigation devices

16. IEEE1584 2018 Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations (USA)

17. DGUV-I 203-077 2021 Thermal hazards due to electric fault arcing – Guide for selecting personal protective equipment (Germany)

18. ENA NENS 09 2014 National guideline for the selection, use and maintenance of personal protective equipment for electrical arc
hazards (Australia)

Bibliography
[1] Electrical Arc Flash Management Guideline - Australian Energy Council 2019

[2] A Comparative Analysis of Arc-Flash Calculations: IEEE 1584 And DGUV-I 203-077 Paper No. PCIC Energy Eur24_17

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