Testing Transformer Differential
Protection
Practical Example of Use
Testing Transformer Differential Protection
Test Universe 3.00 - Manual Version: Expl_TDiffProt.ENU.2 - Year 2015
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Content
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Application Example ............................................................................................................................ 5
2 Theoretical Introduction to Transformer Differential Protection ..................................................... 7
2.1 Protection Principle ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Operating Characteristic ................................................................................................................ 8
2.3 Zero Sequence Elimination ......................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Transformer Inrush ...................................................................................................................... 13
3 Practical Introduction to Transformer Differential Protection Testing ......................................... 15
3.1 Defining the Test Object .............................................................................................................. 16
3.1.1 Device Settings ............................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.2 Defining the Differential Protection Parameters .............................................................................. 17
3.2 Global Hardware Configuration of the CMC Test Set ................................................................. 25
3.2.1 Example Output Configuration for Differential Protection Relays .................................................... 25
3.2.2 Analog Outputs ............................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.3 Binary Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3 Local Hardware Configuration for Differential Protection Testing ............................................... 27
3.3.1 Analog Outputs ............................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.2 Binary Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4 Defining the Test Configuration ................................................................................................... 28
3.4.1 General Approach ........................................................................................................................... 28
3.4.2 Configuration Test........................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.3 Operating Characteristic Test ......................................................................................................... 32
3.4.4 Trip Times Test ............................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.5 Inrush Blocking Test ....................................................................................................................... 38
3.4.6 Testing Three-Winding Transformer Differential Protection ............................................................ 41
Support....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Please use this note only in combination with the related product manual which contains several important safety
instructions. The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.
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Preface
This paper describes how to test the transformer differential protection function. It contains an application
example which will be used throughout the paper. The theoretical background of transformer differential
protection will be explained. This paper also covers the definition of the necessary Test Object settings as
well as the Hardware Configuration for these tests. Finally the Advanced Differential test modules are used
to perform the tests which are needed for this protection function.
Supplements: Sample Control Center file Example_AdvDifferential_Transformer.occ
(referred to in this document).
Requirements: Test Universe 3.00 or later; Advanced Differential and Control Center licenses.
Note: The description of the Differential test module is not a part of this document.
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1 Application Example
220 kV
400/1
Protection functions
(87) Differential Protection
(50/51) Definite Time Overcurrent Protection
Transformer Differential Relay
600/1
110 kV
Figure 1: Feeder connection diagram of the application example
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Parameter Name Parameter Value Notes
Frequency 50 Hz
160 MVA Rated power
Rated voltage, Side 1 (used for the calculation of the
231 kV
transformation ratio of the transformer)
Transformer data
Rated voltage, Side 2 (used for the calculation of the
115.5 kV
transformation ratio of the transformer)
Yyn0 Vector group
400 A / 1 A CT ratio, Side 1
CT data
600 A / 1 A CT ratio, Side 2
Idiff>, Pick-up value of the differential protection (Iref is a
reference current which can be obtained from the relay
0.25 Iref
manual. In this case it is the rated current of the
transformer)
Idiff>>, Second element of the differential protection
Differential characteristic 6.0 Iref
(there is no stabilization above this value)
settings
0.3 Slope 1 of the differential characteristic
0.7 Slope 2 of the differential characteristic
Bias current where the first slope ends and the second
4.0 Iref
slope begins.
Harmonic restraint 2nd harmonic restraint value (relative to the fundamental
20% Idiff
settings frequency differential current)
Table 1: Relay parameters for this example
Note: Testing of the Restricted Earth Fault protection function, Thermal Overload protection function,
etc. is not part of this document.
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