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Complex Numbers Notes

Complex numbers are defined as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. Key concepts include the complex conjugate, modulus, argument, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The polar form of a complex number can be expressed using Euler's formula, and various properties and loci in the Argand plane are also discussed.

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28 views2 pages

Complex Numbers Notes

Complex numbers are defined as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. Key concepts include the complex conjugate, modulus, argument, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The polar form of a complex number can be expressed using Euler's formula, and various properties and loci in the Argand plane are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Akshit Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Complex Numbers - Notes

1. Definition:
A complex number is a number of the form Z = x + iy
where:
- x = real part (Re(Z))
- y = imaginary part (Im(Z))
- i = imaginary unit, i^2 = -1

2. Complex Conjugate:
If Z = x + iy, then conjugate is Zbar = x - iy
- Reflects Z across the real axis in the complex plane.

3. Equality of Complex Numbers:


Z1 = Z2 if and only if their real parts and imaginary parts are equal.

4. Modulus (Magnitude):
|Z| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2)

5. Argument (Angle):
arg(Z) = tan^(-1)(y/x) (adjust quadrant accordingly).

6. Polar Form:
Z = r(cos(theta) + i sin(theta)) where r = |Z| and theta = arg(Z).
Using Euler's formula: Z = r e^(i theta).

7. Algebra of Complex Numbers:


Addition: (x1 + iy1) + (x2 + iy2) = (x1 + x2) + i(y1 + y2)
Subtraction: (x1 + iy1) - (x2 + iy2) = (x1 - x2) + i(y1 - y2)
Multiplication: (x1 + iy1)(x2 + iy2) = (x1x2 - y1y2) + i(x1y2 + x2y1)
Division: Multiply numerator and denominator by conjugate of denominator.

8. Properties:
- Z + Zbar = 2Re(Z)
- Z - Zbar = 2i Im(Z)
- |Z|^2 = Z * Zbar

9. Locus of Complex Numbers:


The set of points in the Argand plane satisfying a condition on Z.

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