The Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
Abstract
The gray wolf is a highly adaptable carnivore and ancestor of domestic dogs. This paper examines its
biology, hunting strategies, and conservation challenges.
Introduction
Gray wolves historically ranged across the Northern Hemisphere but now occupy fragmented habitats
due to human conflict.
Anatomy & Physiology
Weighing between 30–80 kg, wolves have keen senses of smell and hearing, and strong endurance for
long-distance hunting.
Behavior & Ecology
They live in packs led by an alpha pair. Wolves hunt cooperatively, preying on large ungulates. They
are apex predators, regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance.
Conservation Status
Once eradicated from much of Europe and North America, wolves have been reintroduced successfully
in some regions, though human-wildlife conflicts persist. Currently classified as Least Concern, but
vulnerable in many regions.
Conclusion
The gray wolf symbolizes both wilderness conservation and the challenges of coexistence with
humans.