Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Development of embedded system in monitoring temperature and
humidity as supporting smart farm
To cite this article: Fitri Puspasari et al 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1511 012017
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International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
Development of embedded system in monitoring temperature
and humidity as supporting smart farm
Fitri Puspasari1,2*, Imam Fahrurrozi1, Unan Yusmaniar Oktiawati 1 , Trias Prima
Satya1
1
Department of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vocational Schools,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
Email:1,2*[Link]@[Link]
Abstract. Enabling the environment is an important factor in developing livestock business.
The temperature and humidity of the cage are very important aspects to consider. Inappropriate
livestock cage temperature can affect livestock productivity and survival. The purpose of this
research is to design a web-based temperature and humidity monitoring system, in the form of
automatic regulation and measurement. In this research, embedded systems techniques are
applied to build temperature monitoring systems by combining sensors and microcontrollers.
Monitoring the temperature and humidity conditions of the enclosure is done through a sensor
network and the classification of conditions is carried out by an intelligent system that
produces web-based decision support. The sensor used to measure temperature and humidity in
this monitoring system is the DHT22 sensor, while the controller is used NodeMCU. The
results of this study are measurement data can be displayed on web pages that can be accessed
in realtime. NodeMCU devices can be used as controllers for temperature and humidity data
and successfully send data to a database that can be displayed on the website interface.
Monitoring humidity and temperature is a great and easy way to record and track any changes
which can help decision-makers to prepare or follow suit procedures to prevent conditions that
can cause livestock.
1. Introduction
In the field of animal husbandry, many factors must be considered, generally in the management of the
cage. Weather conditions are an important factor for the survival of livestock and its production
processes, especially in the tropics region like Indonesia. One weather factor is temperature and
humidity. Where conditions are too hot in the cage environment can trigger stress conditions in
livestock. Stressful conditions can cause livestock to experience growth disturbance, decreasing
production to lead to death [1]. High temperature and humidity of the cage is a vital sign that gives an
indicates of stress conditions in farm animals. Assessment of vital factors can be used to monitor the
temperature and humidity conditions of the cage so that it can help reduce growth disturbance in farm
animals.
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International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
To be able to monitor the temperature and humidity of the cage is needed a tool that can give a sign
that the cage is very uncomfortable for cattle. So there is immediate action from the cage owner. In
this age of advanced technology, electronic technology has now reached the generation of the Internet
of Things. Internet of Things (IoT) is a sophisticated technology that can be used to monitor and
control hardware via the internet with good time efficiency and covers a large number of coverage
areas [2]. The use of embedded device systems is also widely applied to the internet, one of which is
the use of a microcontroller that replaces the old electronic circuits where generally the electronic
circuits are complicated. By using IoT, every electronic device in the home and industry can be
controlled and monitored, and can even be monitored remotely [3].
This study aims to design a telemetry measurement system in the form of temperature and humidity
monitoring based on a web display. This monitoring system is expected to assist farmers in reducing
the risk of death or decreasing livestock productivity due to the increase in ambient temperature. The
method used in this experiment is an embedded-systems technique by combining sensors and
microcontrollers (embedded controller). The telemetry system is an effort to obtain information on
temperature and humidity conditions in livestock pens. The sensor used to measure temperature and
humidity in this monitoring system is the DHT22 sensor, while the controller is used the NodeMCU
Microcontroller.
The ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller was chosen as the controller unit because it has a small
size and has a Wi-Fi chipset in it. While the selection of DHT22 sensors, because DHT22 is a sensor
that has a good reading quality, is judged by the response of fast data readings and small size with
relatively cheap prices [4]. Some studies on temperature and humidity measurements include the
creation of a monitoring and control system of temperature and humidity on plant growth via GSM
using a DHT22 sensor [5], design of a temperature and humidity with DHT22 and Arduino-based [6];
[7], Utilization of DHT22 sensors for monitoring temperature and humidity in glass crumbs [8],
designing temperature and humidity gauges using Arduino-based DHT11 sensors [3], and measuring
and monitoring soil moisture in agriculture by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) based on Android
[9].
2. Methods
In general, the prototype design of a web-based temperature and humidity measurement system is
explained through the following block diagram (Figure 1.). Some references in the design of
temperature and humidity monitoring tools include: The Intelligent Agriculture System consists of
sensors and systems system settings. The control system includes blowers, irrigation systems, and roof
systems. This system helps farmers to make the right decision [10]. Some types of operating systems
that can be used include Arduino [8], msp430 microcontroller [11], ATMega8 microcontroller with
ZigBee transceiver [12], [13], STM32 NUCLEO platform [14].
2
International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
Figure 1. Block system diagram
This research method consists of 2 main parts, namely hardware systems and software systems.
The main components used in hardware design are NodeMCU, DHT22 sensors, and several other
electronic components. Hardware is a physical component used to form a series of electronic systems
used to make the system consists of several main parts, namely the main circuit (mainboard), sensors
and connectivity. Each of these components requires an interface as a communication channel between
components. This hardware design is a NodeMCU module design. Below this is the instrument design
scheme in the NodeMCU module (Figure 2.).
Figure 2. Schematic of humidity and temperature measuring instrument
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International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
While in software design consists of several programs that function to control the hardware.
Program modules created for hardware are a program module for automatic temperature control that
uses a temperature sensor as an important input of the whole system as well as an interface program to
display data through the web. The overall input and output initialization are done when designing
software and hardware. The measured temperature and humidity data from the analog input are
converted to digital using the DHT22 sensor. Then check whether there is an input client or server
sari. The results of the temperature and humidity value process are displayed on a web page.
3. Results
In this research, testing has been carried out to check the performance of the hardware and software
system (Figure 3). Figure 3 is the implementation phase of the main circuit or prototype hardware
(Figure 4) test equipment on the server. Tests carried out focused on system accuracy and real-time
monitoring of data for the development of efficient devices. This series of NodeMCU devices is used
as a data reader or input that has been measured by the DHT22 sensor. Input data that have entered
will be stored and encoded to transmit temperature and humidity data to the wifi network.
Figure 3. NodeMCU-based DHT22 sensor
Figure 4. Prototipe DHT22 sensor
Based on table 1, it can be seen that the measured temperature and humidity from the server on the
first measurement starting from 15.15 to 15.50. The next test is to display the results of temperature
and humidity measurements that are monitored via the web. The next test is to display the results of
temperature and humidity measurements that are monitored via the web. The process of sending data
4
International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
for temperature and humidity detection is initiated by the server which is then sent by firebase, after
which the data received will be processed by source code. Following is the appearance of the web
page as a result of the interface design implementation (Figure 5).
Table 1. Data of temperature and humidity measurements of prototypes
Measurement DHT22
duration Temperature
Humidity (%)
(Minute ) (˚C)
0 23,8 48
3 23,7 49,1
6 23,2 49,6
9 23,2 49,7
12 23,3 49,6
15 23,4 49,3
18 23,3 49,1
21 23,2 49,5
24 23,3 50,1
27 23,2 51,3
30 23,3 51,7
33 23,2 51,9
Figure 5. Display of temperature and humidity data via the Web
One of the developments of temperature and humidity measuring devices is that it has successfully
developed a DHT22 sensor by using the ESP8266 NodeMCU Microcontroller which has a Wi-Fi
chipset inside that can send data remotely via the Web and data storage using external memory. The
renewal of the temperature and humidity measuring instruments has also been carried out to anticipate
any negligence in monitoring the temperature and humidity in the cage by adding a sign or notification
5
International Conference on Science Education and Technology IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1511 (2020) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1511/1/012017
that the temperature has been reached by the livestock comfort zone, which is above 28 C. The
development of this measuring instrument can be accessed by everyone, for example, the owner of the
cage and its employees. Another advantage gained from the development of this tool is the cost
required is relatively inexpensive and is portable.
4. Conclusion
The prototype of the NodeMCU microcontroller-based temperature and humidity device was
successfully implemented in a web-based application and could be monitored in real-time. NodeMCU
devices can be used as controllers for temperature and humidity data and successfully send data to a
database that can be displayed on the website interface. This device can be developed in the future by
connecting to a fan or blower in a cage. So that when the cage exceeds the comfort zone, the
microcontroller can immediately order the blower to cool the cage. Major developments in the field of
information and communication technology in the field of monitoring and mitigation have added
significant improvements to traditional techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, and faster data
transfers so that they can save costs, time and energy.
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