Reading Attainment System 5

1. Foods of Tomorrow BOOK 5, SELECTION 1

You may never have heard of jakfruit. Or winged beans. Or mamey. Or carambola.
But in a few years you may be eating them as often as you eat tomatoes or bananas!

1
The thing looks like a huge green football. It is covered with small bumps. It weighs close to 60 pounds. And it
is sitting in your supermarket.
2
This strange object is a jakfruit. It is the largest tree fruit in the world. Inside the bumpy skin it is green and
soft, with a heavy, sweet taste. You can cook it or eat it raw. You can boil its seeds and eat them, too. And as a flavor
for ice cream, it is sensational.
3
In the next bin are oval, brown fruits. Inside, each one is red with a shiny black pit. The taste is smooth and
sweet, a little bit like a chestnut. This fruit is a mamey.
4
Well, maybe mameys and jakfruits aren't in your supermarket just yet. But they soon may be. More and more
strange fruits and vegetables are turning up in food stores. That is, they are strange to most Americans. To people in
other parts of the world, they are as familiar as apples or pears are to us. People in Southeast Asia know the jakfruit
well. And the mamey is called the national fruit of Cuba.
5
How do new foods like jakfruit and mamey come to the United States? Many are first brought here by people
who come from tropical lands. Many of these people settle in Florida and California. There they start growing the foods
they knew at home. Other Americans taste the new foods. If enough people like the taste, the food soon shows up in
supermarkets.
6
At first, supermarkets didn't want to carry the new fruits and vegetables. They were afraid people wouldn't
buy them. Many of the new foods look strange. For example, the delicious passion fruit looks like a wrinkled black egg.
There were other reasons. Many of the best-tasting fruits spoil fast. Or they have thin skins and bruise easily.
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But things have changed. There are new ways to pack fruits and keep them cool. Customers are getting used
to food that looks strange at first. Food store owners are finding that one way to get new customers is to have new
kinds of fruits and vegetables.
8
So get ready for sweet, juicy carambola. When you slice it, the slices look like stars. Get ready for crunchy
winged beans. They look like string beans with wavy edges like wings. Get ready for bumpy green sugar apples. They
taste like bananas and pineapples combined. Get ready for purple potatoes, twisted potatoes, potatoes that look like

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snakes.
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There are at least 3,000 tropical fruits in the world. There are 5,000 varieties of potatoes. Up to now,
Americans have tasted hardly any of them. But the change has begun.
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Jakfruit, anyone?

Reading Skills

1. This selection is about

a. changes in ways of cooking
b. new kinds of meat
c. strange fruits and vegetables

2. The new foods mostly come from

a. Central Europe
b. the Far North
c. the tropics

3. It is brown on the outside, red on the inside. It is

a. jakfruit
b. mamey
c. passion fruit

4. It is the biggest fruit in the world that grows on a tree. It is

a. jakfruit
b. mamey
c. passion fruit

5. (Paragraph 2) What do you do with jakfruit seeds?

a. cook them and eat them
b. make a drink out of them
c. use them in place of salt and pepper

6. (Paragraph 4) The mamey is most popular with

a. Americans
b. Cubans
c. Southeast Asians

7. (Paragraph 5) The story says that many new foods are brought to the U,S. by
a. American soldiers returning home
b. government scientists
c. people from the tropics who move here

8. (Paragraph 8) It is bumpy and green. It tastes

a. crunchy
b. like pineapples and bananas
c. like stars

9. Why did supermarket owners first refuse to sell passion fruit?

a. they didn't like the name
b. they didn't like the taste
c. they thought the fruit looked ugly

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10. Which country would probably have the most foods of the kind this article talks about?
a. Canada
b. Finland, in northern Europe
c. Mexico

Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

bin A box for storing things, often without a top.

Example: The bins were filled with potatoes, lettuce, and other vegetables.

chestnut A kind of nut that is usually roasted or cooked in turkey stuffing.

Example: The chestnut seller was roasting chestnuts in an iron pan.

customers People who buy at a store.

Example: Without customers, a store would go out of business.

tropical Belonging to the tropics, the warm parts of the world.

Example: Much of Africa and South America is covered with tropical forest.

sensational Very wonderful.

Example: Sending a man to the moon was a sensational act.

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence. Then write the word.

1. ____________________ birds are often brighter in color than the birds of the mainland United States and
Canada.

2. Having high prices drives away ____________________.

Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.

3. Paragraph 2 says: "It is green and soft, with a heavy, sweet taste."
In this sentence, what does heavy mean?
a. dense
b. strong and lasting
c. weighing a lot

4. Paragraph 3 says: "Inside, each one is red with a shiny black pit."
In this sentence, what does pit mean?
a. deep hole
b. dent in the skin
c. stonelike seed

5. Which word would you put next after the word chestnut?
a. carambola
b. jakfruit
c. mamey

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6. Paragraph 4 says: "More and more strange vegetables are turning up."
In this sentence, what does turning up mean?
a. bending up
b. flipping right side up
c. showing up

7. Paragraph 5 says: "Many of these people settle in Florida and California."

Write the word that means move to.

8. Paragraph 6 says: "Many of the best-tasting foods spoil fast."

Write the word that means rot.

9. Paragraph 8 says: "Get ready for sweet, juicy carambola."

This time, write the word that means the opposite of sour.

Alphabetical Order. To put words in alphabetical, or a-b-c order, look at the first letters of the words. These words are
in alphabetical order:
1. back 2. may 3. today
car might took
full more town

10. Look again at the words in question 9. Which word would you put next after the word Jelly?

Thinking Skills

Things in Common. Looking at a list of things and seeing what they all have in common is a valuable thinking skill.

1. Look at the following list of words:

mamey jackfruit carambola
The best and most complete way to describe these words to someone is to say that they are all
a. juicy and gooey
b. they taste sweet
c. tropical fruits

2. Look at the following list of words:

beet carrot root turnip
One of these words is a general word. That is, all the others are examples of it or refer to it. Which is the
general word?

Definitions. When you define a word, you often have to start off by thinking about what general kind of thing it is. Look
at the definition of the word bin in the Glossary. It says a bin is a box.

3. What is the best way to describe what general kind of thing a saucer is?
a. a cup
b. a plate
c. round

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4. A definition often starts out with telling something general. Then it goes on to give more information about
the word. Look at the definition of chestnut in the Glossary. Then look at this definition:
spinach A kind of vegetable ...
This definition is incomplete. The best way to complete it would be to add the words
a. that grows in gardens
b. that tastes awful
c. with green leaves that can be cooked and eaten

5. Look at the following definition:

pepper A spice.
Is this definition complete or incomplete?
a. complete b. incomplete

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 Reading Attainment System 5

2. The Ice King BOOK 5, SELECTION 2

The story of the New England inventor who changed the drinking habits of the entire world.

1
Two hundred years ago, people didn't put ice in their drinks. In winter, they wanted their drinks hot. And there
wasn't any ice in the summer. The freezer had not been invented yet.
2
A man named Frederic Tudor changed all this. He came from near Boston, where it is cold in the winter. But
when he was 22 years old, he went to the West Indies. It's very hot there. Tudor felt as if he were roasting all the time.
He thought of the ice on his father's pond. He wished he had some ice to cool the water he was drinking.
3
That's when he got his big idea. He decided to become the Ice King of the world. He would ship ice to all the
hot places everywhere.
4
He went back to Boston. Everyone laughed at him. The idea of selling ice seemed silly. And how could Tudor
keep it from melting?
5
But Tudor kept on working with his idea. He found that sawdust would protect ice from heat. He built special
houses in hot countries to hold the ice. And he bought the rights to cut ice from all the ponds around Boston. By 1850,
he had shipped over 150 thousand tons of ice to nearly every hot country in the world.
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He made a fortune, too. The ice from one small pond sold for thousands of dollars. For Tudor had hit on an
idea. He thought of something the whole world wanted: the iced drink. Even people who had never seen ice before
bought his iced drinks. Some of them didn't even know what ice was. A rich man in India asked if ice grew on trees or
on small bushes.
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The next time you have a cool drink on a hot day, you can thank Frederic Tudor. Today, of course, we don't use
ice cut from ponds. But we still use Frederic Tudor's great idea of putting ice in a drink to cool it.

Reading Skills

1. Why does the story call Frederic Tudor the Ice King?
a. he was a king of a cold country
b. he was a king who was cold-blooded and cruel
c. he was the first man to sell ice in hot countries

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2. When Tudor was young, there was ice

a. all over the world
b. in Boston in the winter
c. in the West Indies

3. When Tudor was young, people in hot countries

a. couldn't have cold drinks
b. had a lot of cold drinks
c. hated cold drinks

4. (Paragraph 5) What does sawdust do to ice?

a. it makes ice
b. it makes ice melt
c. it protects ice from heat

5. (Paragraph 5) Tudor sold ice in hot countries. Where did he get the ice?
a. he made it in the hot countries
b. he made the hot countries cold
c. he shipped the ice from Boston

6. What does the story say about the iced drink?

a. the iced drink was Tudor's idea
b. Tudor hated iced drinks
c. Tudor should have had the idea, but didn't

7. How did Tudor get ice?

a. from a machine
b. from ponds
c. from the North Pole

8. Did Tudor make money?

a. yes, he made lots of money
b. no, he was poor all his life
c. he neither lost nor made money

9. When was the electric ice-making machine invented?

a. before Tudor's time
b. when Tudor was a young man
c. after Tudor died

10. People in hot countries

a. didn't care for Tudor's ideas
b. hated Tudor
c. have a lot to thank Tudor for

Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

fortune A lot of money.

Example: The man made a fortune from his gold mine.

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 Reading Attainment System 5

freezer A box or machine that can freeze ice or food and keep it frozen.
Example: We put ice cream and ice cube trays in the freezer.

invent Think up, or make tor the first time.

Example: People worked for years to invent an airplane that would work.

saw dust The dust that is made by sawing wood.

Example: The buzz saw threw up a lot of sawdust as it cut through the board.

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence. Then write the word.

1. Susan wanted to ____________________ a better mousetrap than anyone else had ever thought of.

2. Roberta has a huge house and three cars. She must be worth a ____________________.

Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.

3. Find the word rights in paragraph 5. As it is used here, rights means

a. fair things
b. not lefts
c. permission

4. Find the word hit on in paragraph 6. As it is used here, hit on means

a. beat on
b. punch
c. thought of

5. Find the word cool in paragraph 7. As it is used here, cool means

a. not friendly
b. not warm
c. with it

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.

6. Look at paragraph 2. Find the word that is a synonym of cooking. Write the word.

7. Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a synonym of foolish. Write the word.

Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophones.

8. Look at paragraph 6. Find the word that is a homophone of sum. Write the word.

Using Apostrophes. The meaning of a word or a sentence may depend on how an apostrophe is used.

9. Find the words "didn't put" in paragraph 1. What is another way to write this?
a. do not put
b. did put
c. did not put

10. Find the words "Frederic Tudor's great idea" in paragraph 7. What is another way to write this?
a. Frederic's Tudor great idea
b. the Frederic Tudor of great idea
c. the great idea of Frederic Tudor

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Thinking Skills

Identifying Similarities. In each question, choose the word that goes best in the blank space.

1. The temperature of ICE is COLD, just as the temperature of ____________________ is HOT.

a. snow
b. steam
c. water

2. A ____________________ is a small LAKE, just as a HILL is a small MOUNTAIN.

a. pond
b. ocean
c. river

Identifying Relationships. Look carefully at the pairs of words in capitals. Try to figure out the relationships between
each pair. Then choose the sentence that does the best job of showing how the words are related.

3. SAWDUST: ICE
a. Sawdust was used to heat ice.
b. Sawdust was used to make ice.
c. Sawdust was used to protect ice from heat.

4. ICE: SOLID
a. A solid is a kind of ice.
b. Ice is water in solid form.
c. Ice was sold by Frederic Tudor.

Analogies. Two pairs of words that are related in the same way are called an analogy. In the question below, figure out
how the pair of words in capitals are related. Then choose the pair of words below it that are related in the same way.

5. ICE : SOLID. Just as

a. STEAM : GAS
b. STEAM: LIQUID
c. STEAM: WATER

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 Reading Attainment System 5

3. Feats of Strength BOOK 5, SELECTION 3

Some of the most unusual feats of strength ever performed-including the heaviest weight ever lifted.

1
The colonel was out to dinner. When he got back, he would get a surprise. There were two large donkeys in his
room upstairs. His men had put them there. They had used ropes to get the donkeys up to the colonel's window. The
donkeys weighed about 700 pounds each. How would the colonel get them out again?
2
Finally the colonel came in. He walked upstairs. The men waited to see what would happen. No one said a
word. The-the colonel came back down the stairs. The men couldn't believe their eyes. The colonel had a reo-pound
donkey under each arm.
3
Colonel Burnaby was the strongest man in the British Army 100 years ago. He could bend a thick iron bar with
his bare hands.
4
Feats of strength have always amazed people. Some of the greatest were done by a man named Angelo
Siciliano. He once pulled a railroad car for a hundred feet. The car weighed 72% tons. Six ordinary men, pulling
together, had not been able to move it.
5
Another time he swam around New York harbor, pulling a boat with some friends in it. He was giving them a
tour of New York. Then there was the time he went to Sing Sing Prison to put on a show. He showed the prisoners how
he could break iron bars. The prisoners were really interested in that bit!
6
You may never have heard of Siciliano. That's because he used a different name when doing his feats of
strength. You may have heard of his other name. It's Charles Alias. Atlas made a lot of money from a mail-order course
on how to get strong.
7
There's one feat of strength that even Atlas couldn't have done. Paul Anderson of Georgia once raised a 6,270-
pound weight off a stand. That's more than three tons. It's the heaviest weight that anybody has ever raised. Nobody
else has even come close.
8
There are a lot of strong men in the world. But some women are pretty strong too. Perhaps the strongest was
a 123-pound woman named Mrs. Maxwell Rogers, in Florida. Her son was fixing a car when the jack collapsed. He was
pinned under the car. Mrs. Rogers grabbed one end of the 3,600-pound car. And she lifted it off her son.
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And she'd never even taken the Charles Atlas course!

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Reading Skills

1. This story tells about

a. one strong man
b. several strong men and one strong woman
c. two strong men

2. The story starts out by telling about

a. an Army officer who was very strong
b. a man who lifted three tons
c. a man who pulled a railroad car

3. How did Burnaby get the donkeys out of his room?

a. carried them on his back
b. carried them under his arms
c. threw them out of the window

4. (Paragraph 1) The donkeys weighed

a. 100 pounds each
b. 700 pounds each
c. 700 pounds together

5. (Paragraph 7) Which man raised the heaviest weight?

a. Paul Anderson
b. Charles Atlas
c. Colonel Burnaby

6. Angelo Siciliano was the real name of

a. Paul Anderson
b. Charles Atlas
c. Colonel Burnaby

7. The story tells how Charles Atlas pulled

a. an automobile
b. a donkey
c. a railroad car

8. Charles Atlas made lots of money from

a. breaking bars
b. a mail-order course on how to get strong
c. pulling trains

9. Why did the men put donkeys in the colonel's room?

a. as a joke
b. the colonel had asked them to
c. to show off their strength

10. Why do you think Mrs. Rogers was able to lift the car off her son?
a. it was an emergency, and she used strength she didn't know she had
b. she lifted weights, and got very strong
c. she was very heavy, and heavy people are strong

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Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

collapsed Fell down.

Example: When she sat down too hard, the old chair collapsed under her.

colonel A kind of army officer, just below a general.

Example: The colonel led the men into battle.

feat Something done that is unusual or wonderful.

Example: One of his feats of strength was pulling a railroad car.

mail-order School work sent to a person by mail.

course Example: You can take a mail-order course to finish high school.

ordinary Normal; usual.

Example: Ordinary men cannot lift a 6,000 pound weight.

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence. Then write the word in the space provided.

1. When she got home she was so tired she ____________________.

2. The nearest school was 100 miles away, so he took a ____________________.

Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.

3. Find the word course in paragraph 6. As it is used here, course means

a. part of a dinner
b. place 10 race
c. set of lessons

4. Find the word Jack in paragraph 8. As it is used here, jack means

a. card in a deck of cards
b. kind of tool to lift a car
c. man's name

5. Find the word pinned in paragraph 8. As it is used here, pinned means

a. held down
b. stuck with a pin
c. wore a pin

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.

6. Look at paragraph 1. Find the word that is a synonym of huge. Write the word.

7. Look at paragraph 7. Find the word that is a synonym of lifted. Write the word.

Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophones.

8. Look at paragraph 3. Find the word that is a homophone of bear. Write the word.

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Alphabetical Order. To put words in alphabetical, or a-b-c order, look at the first letters of the words. These words are
in alphabetical order:
1. back 2. may 3. today
car might took
full more town

9. Which word would you put next after the word colonel?
a. close
b. collapsed
c. course

10. Look again at the words in question 9. Which word would you put next after the word come?

Thinking Skills

Correct Order. Putting things in correct order is an important thinking skill.

1. Look at the list below. Put the items in order of weight, from lightest to heaviest.
a. the car Charles Atlas pulled
b. the car Mrs. Rogers lifted
c. the weight Paul Anderson lifted

2. Look at the list. Put the items in order of distance, from shortest to longest.
a. distance Colonel Burnaby moved the donkeys
b. distance Charles Atlas pulled the boat
c. distance Charles Atlas pulled the railroad car

3. Look at the list. Put the items in order of strength, from least strong to strongest.
a. Charles Atlas
b. Mrs. Rogers
c. Paul Anderson

Cause and Effect. Look at these two sentences:

Billie told a joke. Everybody laughed.
Telling a joke caused everybody to laugh. The telling is the cause. Everybody laughing is the effect. We say that the two
sentences show a cause-effect relationship.

4. Check the pair of sentences below that have a cause-effect relationship in the story. (The first is the reason for
the second, or causes the second.)
a. Colonel Burnaby was in the British Army. He could bend iron bars.
b. Mrs. Rogers lifted a 3,600-pound car. She never took a Charles Atlas course.
c. Charles Atlas broke iron bars. Prisoners who watched were very interested.

5. Again, check the pair that have a cause-effect relationship.

a. The colonel came down the stairs. He was carrying two donkeys.
b. Atlas pulled a railroad car for 100 feet. The car weighed 72% tons.
c. The jack collapsed. Mrs. Rogers' son was pinned under the car.

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4. What Did We Learn About the Moon? BOOK 5, SELECTION 4

We found out we didn't know very much about the moon, until we actually went there!

1
In 1972, a great adventure ended. The spaceship Apollo 17 lifted off the moon and came back to earth. In an,
men had walked on the moon six times. But now the Apollo series of flights was over.
2
More than 50 spaceships have flown to the moon or near it. Twelve men have landed. Their combined time on
the moon has been almost a week. They walked and drove more than 60 miles on the moon. They took more than 30
thousand photos. They brought back almost 850 pounds of rock.
3
Scientists have studied what the spaceships have brought back. And now they can give us some good answers
to the question "Just what did we learn about the moon?" Here are some of the things we now know.
4
We know exactly what the moon looks like. All those moon photos have been put together to form moon
maps. These maps are much better than any map of earth made before this century. In some ways, we know more
about the moon than we do about earth! Most of the earth's surface is covered by oceans. We don't have any maps of
earth's ocean bottoms that are as good as the maps of the moon.
5
If you look at a moon map, you'll see something strange. The back side of the moon doesn't look like the front.
The front of the moon is what we always see from earth. It is covered with craters, mountains, and huge flat spaces
called "seas," even though they contain no water. It is the moon's seas that look like the "man in the moon." The back
of the moon has no seas. So the back side has no man in the moon.
6
We know how old the moon is. It is a little more than 4'12 billion years old. The youngest moon rock is 3
billion years old. That "young" moon rock is older than 99 percent of all earth rocks.
7
This doesn't mean that the moon is older than earth. They're probably about the same age. Earth rocks have
changed, however, and new rocks have been formed too. This hasn't happened on the moon.
8
We know what the moon is made of. Many of the moon's rocks are made of hardened lava. They're like the
rocks made inside volcanoes on earth. Other moon rocks, however, are not quite like anything on earth. Some have
been given names that tell what they're made of, like "VHA" for "very high aluminum."
9
The inside of the moon surprised many scientists. Until now, they thought that the whole moon was a big
lump of cold, solid rock. But it turns out that deep inside the moon, it is hot. It may be as hot as 3,000 degrees. And the
center of the moon may be partly liquid.

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We know why the moon looks the way it does. Most of the moon's landforms were blasted out of the moon's
surface. Huge meteors – space rocks – once smashed into the moon at speeds of about 50 thousand miles per hour.
Where they hit, they plowed up craters and mountains. The biggest ones actually cracked the moon's crust. Melted
rock rose up through the cracks. When the rock cooled, it made the moon's "seas," hundreds of miles wide. But the
crust on the backside was so thick that meteors couldn't crack it. This is why there are no seas on the back side of the
moon.

Reading Skills

1. The moon is made of

a. green cheese
b. rock
c. shiny white metal

2. How old is the moon?

a. about 400 years old
b. about 4 million years old
c. more than 4 billion years old

3. (Paragraph 2) How many rocks have the moon explorers brought back?
a. a cupful
b. a handful
c. more than you could lift at one time

4. (Paragraph 4) Which map is most accurate?

a. a map of earth made in George Washington's day
b. a modern map of the moon
c. a modern map of the ocean bottoms

5. (Paragraph 5) What's missing from the back side of the moon?

a. craters
b. mountains
c. seas

6. (Paragraph 5) The moon's seas are

a. dry
b. filled with water miles deep
c. stormy

7. (Paragraph 7) Which is probably older, earth or moon?

a. earth
b. moon
c. they're about the same age

8. What's VHA?
a. an organization that sent men to the moon
b. a kind of rock
c. a space ship

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9. What caused most of the moon's features?

a. being hit by meteors
b. floods
c. space explorers

10. The inside of the moon is

a. colder than ice
b. hotter than boiling water
c. the temperature of the human body

Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

aluminum A very light metal.

Example: Many soft drink cans are made of aluminum.

crater A shallow, bowl-shaped depression in the ground.

Example: The explorer climbed the volcano and looked into the crater.

landforms Mountains, hills, rivers, cliffs and all the things that give the land its shape.
Example: There are many beau1ifullandforms in our National Parks.

lava Liquid rock from a volcano.

Example: The people ran as the lava flowed down the mountain.

surface The top of something.

Example: Boats float on the surface of the ocean.

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence. Then write the word.

1. Airplanes are often made from ____________________ to save weight.

2. The submarine ducked below the ____________________ of the water.

Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.

3. Find the word rock in paragraph 2. As it is' used here, rock means
a. kind of music
b. move back and forth
c. stone

4. Find the word cold in paragraph 9. As it is used here, cold means

a. illness of the nose and throat
b. not hot
c. unfriendly

5. Find the word rose in paragraph 10. As it used here, rose means
a. decorated circle
b. flower
c. moved upward

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Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.

6. Look at paragraph 2. Find the word that is a synonym of pictures. Write the word.

7. Look at paragraph 5. Find the word that is a synonym of unusual. Write the word.

Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophones.

8. Look at paragraph 3. Find the word that is a homophone of no. Write the word.

Prefixes. The prefix un- often means "not ... " In paragraph 11, unknown means "not known."

9. What does uninterested mean?

a. not in
b. not interested
c. not much

10. What does unmarried mean?

a. maybe
b. not many
c. single

Thinking Skills

Fact and Opinion. In your thinking, you should be able to tell a fact from an opinion.
"The sun is a star" is a fact. It can be proved by a scientist.
"George Washington was a great president" is an opinion. It may be a good opinion, but it's not something a
scientist can prove.

1. Which of these statements states a fact? (choose one)

a. Moon ships have brought back almost 850 pounds of rock.
b. The trips to the moon were part of the greatest adventure of all time.
c. What we have learned from moon rocks wasn't worth the money spent to get them.

2. Which of these statements states an opInion? (choose one)

a. Earth rocks tend to be more interesting than moon rocks.
b. Many moon rocks are made of hardened lava.
c. Twelve men had landed on the moon when the moon program ended in 1972.

Logical Thinking. Thinking logically means taking information and drawing the right conclusions from it.

3. Look at these statements: Moon craters were made by meteors hitting the moon.
Copernicus is the name of a moon crater.
Which conclusion is correct?
a. A meteor made the crater Copernicus.
b. Copernicus is a meteor.
c. Some craters were made by Copernicus.

17
 Reading Attainment System 5

4. Look at these statements: The "seas" of the moon look like the Man in the Moon, from earth.
The back side of the moon contains no seas.
Which conclusion is correct?
a. The back side of the moon does not look like the Man in the Moon.
b. The back side of the moon looks like earth.
c. The Man in the Moon contains no "seas."

5. Look at these statements: Rock melts above 800 degrees.

The inside of the moon in 3000 degrees.
Which conclusion is correct?
a. The inside of the moon is hot enough to melt rock.
b. The moon is made of rock.
c. The inside of the moon is 800 degrees.

18
 Reading Attainment System 5

5. The Ship That Couldn't Sink BOOK 5, SELECTION 5

The tragic story of the giant ocean liner that people said could never sink.

1
The millionaire John Jacob Astor kissed his bride and helped her into a life boat. “Good-bye, dear. I’ll join you
later,” he said. Then he stepped back on the deck as other woman crowded into the life boat. He calmly lit a cigarette.
That was the last time Mrs. Astor ever saw her husband.
2
The Astors were passengers on the brand new ship Titanic. The Titanic was the most modern ship in the world.
It was big and very fast. Most important, it was a ship that couldn’t sink.
3
The ship had water-tight rooms. Each room could be closed off. If water got into one part of the ship, the ship
would still float like a cork. The other parts would be full of air. That's the way it was supposed to work.
4
The Titanic left England on April 10, 1912, headed for New York. There were 2,340 people on board. They
hoped to reach New York in less than a week.
5
On the evening of April 14, the Titanic was moving through calm waters at full speed. Suddenly there was a
deep rumbling sound. The ship had hit an iceberg, a huge chunk of ice floating in the sea. But most people paid no
attention. Even when they found out the ship had hit the iceberg, they went on playing cards, or dancing. They knew
there was no danger. The Titanic couldn't sink.
6
But then the ship began to tilt. Sailors began to take the covers off the life boats.
7
Panic followed. People began to fight to get to the life boats. But there were only half enough boats to go
around. Two boats sank when they were put in the sea. Others turned upside down as they were being lowered.
8
The ship's officers had to fire their guns to keep the crowds back. They tried to get the women and children
into the life boats first. Some women refused to leave their husbands.
9
There were still more than a thousand people on deck. But there were no more life boats. Then an amazing
thing happened. The band began to play and people started to sing. They sang "Nearer My God to Thee," and other
hymns. They kept on until the Titanic turned on its end and sank.
10
That night 1,595 people died. Only 745 people were saved. They were picked up by another ship that was
nearby.
11
What made the "ship that couldn't sink" go down? The iceberg had torn a huge hole in the bottom of the ship.
The shock of the crash made the water-tight rooms break open. Soon, there were not enough water-tight rooms left to
keep the ship floating.
12
The Titanic's officers had been told that there were icebergs around them. But they did not slow down the
ship. They didn't believe there were icebergs so late in the spring. The Titanic was trying to set a speed record on its
first trip. It set a different kind of record. The "ship that couldn't sink" never even finished that first trip.

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 Reading Attainment System 5

Reading Skills

1. This story is about a ship that

a. fell out of the sky
b. never sank, even after it was hit
c. sank in the sea

2. What hit the ship?

a. a bomb
b. an iceberg
c. another ship

3. The ship was named

a. the Astor
b. the Nautilus
c. the Titanic

4. (Paragraph 3) Why did people think the ship would never sink?
a. it had water-tight rooms
b. it was too big 10 sink
c. it was too fast to sink

5. (Paragraph 5) When the ship was hit, what happened?

a. at first, the people on board weren't worried
b. the crash killed hundreds of people
c. the ship sank in two minutes

6. (Paragraph 8) How did the officers keep the crowd back?

a. they asked nicely
b. they fired guns
c. they used ropes

7. As the ship went down, the band played

a. hymns
b. jazz
c. Rock and Roll

8. How many people died?

a. a few hundred
b. more than a thousand
c. no one died

9. What does the story tell us about John Jacob Astor?

a. he hated his wife
b. he was a brave man
c. he was a coward

10. Why did so many people die?

a. there were not enough life boats
b. they sang and danced too much
c. they were killed in the crash

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 Reading Attainment System 5

Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

hymns Songs of praise to God.

Example: We sings hymns in church on Sunday.

iceberg A large chunk of ice floating in the sea.

Example: Only a small part of an iceberg can be seen on top of the water.

millionaire A person who has a million dollars or more.

Example: A millionaire can live like a king.

panic Sudden fright.

Example: There was panic as people tried to get out of a burning building.

water-tight Shut tight against water.

Example: If ships are water-tight, they won't sink.

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence. Then write the word.

1. Grace worked hard and saved her money, but she never got to be a ____________________.

2. The ship sank because it hit an ____________________.

Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.

3. Find the word board in paragraph 4. As it is used here, board means

a. food
b. piece of wood
c. the ship

4. Find the word fire in paragraph 8. As it is used here, fire means

a. shoot
b. start a fire
c. take away a job

5. Find the word spring in paragraph 12. As it is used here, spring means
a. bounce
b. time of year
c. water hole

6. Look at paragraph 8. Find the word that is an antonym of agreed. Write the word.

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.

7. Look at paragraph 5. Find the word that is a synonym of smooth. Write the word.

8. Look at paragraph 10. Find the word that is a synonym of close. Write the word.

Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.

21
 Reading Attainment System 5

Suffixes. The suffix -ette often means "a little ..." In paragraph 1, cigarette means "a little cigar." The word barette
means "a little bar that women use to hold their hair."

9. What does dinette mean?

a. a big dinner
b. finished eating
c. a little dining room

10. What does kitchenette mean?

a. a kind of ship
b. a place to sleep
c. a small place to fix food

Thinking Skills

Correct Order. Putting things in correct order is an important thinking skill.

1. Look at the list below. Put the items in order of time, from earliest to latest.
a. The band begins to play.
b. People panic.
c. Titanic runs out of lifeboats.

2. Look at the list. Put the items in order of size, from smallest to largest.
a. iceberg
b. lifeboat
c. Titanic

3. Look at the list. Put the items in order of size, from smallest number to largest number.
a. number of passengers lost
b. number of passengers saved
c. total number of passengers

Cause and Effect. Look at these two sentences:

Billie told a joke. Everybody laughed.
Telling a joke caused everybody to laugh. The telling is the cause. Everybody laughing is the effect. We say that the two
sentences show a cause-effect relationship.

4. Check the pair of sentences below that have a cause-effect relationship in the story. (The first is the reason for
the second, or causes the second.)
a. The band began to play. People started to sing.
b. People fought to get into the lifeboats. There were only half enough boats to go around.
c. Two lifeboats sank. Others turned upside down.

5. Again, check the pair that have a cause-effect relationship.

a. There were more than 1000 people on deck. There were no more lifeboats.
b. The ship's officers were told about the icebergs. They didn't slow down the ship.
c. The shock of the crash tore open the water-tight rooms. The ship began to sink.

22
 Reading Attainment System 5

6. Japanese Fighting Arts BOOK 5, SELECTION 6

The fighting arts of Japan, which depend on control of the mind as well as control of the body.

1
The greatest Japanese fighting man of all time was a man named Musashi Miyamoto. He lived 300 years ago.
He was the best sword fighter in Japan. He was as fast as a cat. And he had great control. They say he could catch a fly
with a pair of chopsticks. And the fly would not be hurt.
2
But this fighter was one of Japan's greatest painters, too. He painted beautiful pictures of birds and flowers.
3
It seems strange to us that one man could be both a great fighter and a great painter. Fighters have to be
tough and brave. Painters don't. But Musashi thought the two things were a lot alike. An artist has to control his mind
and body. And so does a fighter. Musashi thought fighting was an art.
4
The Japanese still feel that way about fighting. It's an art to them. There are many different kinds of Japanese
fighting arts. In all of them, the most important things to learn are control of the body and control of the mind.
5
The first men to think this way about fighting were religious men – priests and monks. Many of the priests and
monks had to make long trips. In those days, there were lots of thieves who attacked travelers. The priests and monks
had to learn how to defend themselves. And they found out that the man who controls his mind can beat the man who
is just a strong fighter.
5
So it was the religious men who found the secret of control. The warriors learned it from the monks. Soon
many kinds of fighting arts developed. Here are some of the ones still in use today.
7
Judo. Judo is a type of wrestling. People who learn judo use special holds and throws to beat an opponent.
8
Karate. Karate is something like boxing. But in karate, you can kick as well as hit. A person trained in karate
can throw a terrific punch. But in a match, he or she must show control. The opponent must not be hurt.
9
Aikido. Aikido is strictly for self-defense. An Aikido player never hits first. So two people can't use Aikido
against each other! But just try to hit someone who knows Aikido! He or she will spin away like a top. If you try to grab
an Aikido expert, you will get thrown on your ear.
10
Kendo. Kendo is like sword fighting. But it's done with bamboo swords instead of real ones. There's plenty of
action. The fighters jump, duck, and slash with their swords.

23
 Reading Attainment System 5

11
It's very hard for an American to get really good in one of the Japanese fighting arts. We can train our bodies.
But it's hard for us to train our minds the right way. Maybe we should throwaway our fly swatters. Then we could
practice catching flies with chopsticks as Musashi did 300 years ago.

Reading Skills

1. Which fighting art is most like boxing?

a. judo
b. karate
c. kendo

2. The Japanese think of judo and karate as

arts and ways of life
simple games for children
ways of attacking people

3. Musashi Miyamoto was

a judo expert
a karate expert
a sword fighter and artist

4. The secret of the Japanese fighting arts is

control of mind and body
exercise and strength
sneak attack

5. (Paragraph 1) Musashi Miyamoto used to

catch flies with sticks
kill flies with his bare hands
kill flies with a sword stroke

6. (Paragraph 5) The people who discovered the secret of the Japanese fighting arts were
artists and painters
religious men
robbers and thieves

7. Someone who wanted to start a fight could not use

aikido
judo
karate

8. Which modern fighting art uses swords?

aikido
judo
kendo

9. Why is it hard for Americans to get really good in the Japanese fighting arts?
it's hard tor us to train our minds the right way
we're not big enough
we're not strong enough
10. What do you think Musashi's paintings looked like?

24
 Reading Attainment System 5

messy
neat and clear
stupid

Vocabulary Skills

Glossary

chopsticks
Sticks that the Japanese and Chinese use to eat with instead of forks.
Example: Chopsticks can pick up small grains of rice, but they can't cut meat.
A member of a religious group that lives away from other people.
Example: A monk spends much of his time praying.
Someone you fight against.
Example: Leah fought hard, but her opponent won.
A religious leader.
Example: The priest blessed the people who came to pray.
Connected with religion, or with God. Example: Religious people go to church a lot.
A type of fighting.
Example: In wrestling, a fighter grabs the person he's fighting and tries to throw him to the ground,
monk
opponent
•
priest
religious
wrestling

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. Ed was big and strong. He was built for _
2. The tennis match lasted three hours, but May's wouldn't quit.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word cat in paragraph 1. As it is used here. cat means
machine used to build roads
man
small animal
Find the word match in paragraph 8. As it is used here, match means
fight
go with
something to light a cigarette

Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is an antonym of "least." Write the word.

Find the word top in paragraph 9. As it is used here, top means

high
lid
a toy that spins
Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and tittle are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 2. Find the word that is a synonym of artists. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 5. Find the word that is a synonym of robbers. Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.

25
 Reading Attainment System 5

Prefixes. The prefix self· often means" ... without others" or " ... for one's own self."
In paragraph 9, self·defense means "defending one's own self."
What does self·starting mean?
by itself
a good start
starting by itself
What does self·service mean?
bad service
helping yourself
selling yourself

Thinking Skills :,~~:....

Fact and Opinion. In your thinking, you should be able to tell a fact from an opinion.
"The sun is a star" is a fact. It can be proved by a scientist
"George Washington was a great president" is an opinion. It may be a good opinion, but it's not something a scientist
can prove.

6. JAPANESE fIGHTING ARTS

Which of these statements states a fact? (choose one)
Musashi lived about 300 years ago.
He was one of Japan's greatest painters.
His paintings of birds and flowers are very beautiful.
Which of these statements states an opinion? (choose one)
Fighting is an art.
Judo is a kind of wrestling.
Karate is similar to boxing.
Logical Thinking. Thinking logically means laking information and drawing the right conclusions from it.
3. Look at these statements:
Aikido moves are strictly for self-defense. This move is found only in aikido.
Which conclusion is correct?
This is a defensive move.
This move allows you to attack.
This move cannot be used in fighting.
4. Look at these statements:
A karate expert must be specially trained. Jeannette is not specially trained.
Which conclusion is correct?
Jeannette is a karate expert.
Jeannette is not a karate expert.
Neither of the above.

5. Look at these statements:

A judo expert only uses holds and throws. Susan knows only blows and kicks.
Which conclusion is correct?
Susan is a judo expert.
Susan is not a judo expert.
Neither of the above.

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 Reading Attainment System 5

7. The Dead Who Live Forever BOOK 5, SELECTION 7

How the Egyptians used to preserve bodies so they would last thousands of years-and why they did it.

1
No one can do it any more. We call it a lost art. But in old Egypt they knew how to make a mummy that would
last thousands of years.
2
Mummies are dead bodies that have been preserved for many, many years. They have lasted so long they are
still around today – mainly in museums. You may wonder why anyone would want to preserve a body and keep it so
long. In Egypt people thought there was a life after death. Death was just the way to a new life. Of course you would
need your old body in the new life. You would want it to look good!
3
All who could pay had their bodies preserved. We've found mummies of men, women and children. There are
mummies of dogs and cats too. How could a mummy last for thousands of year? How did they save the body?
4
First they made a cut in the side. All of the insides were taken out. The heart was left in. They took out the
brain through the nose. Taking it out through the nose seems to have been important, but we are not sure why. They
preserved the insides. They put them in jars. Each part was put in its own jar.
5
Then they put a kind of salt allover the body to help it dry out fast. The hot sun of Egypt helped too. When the
body was dry, they washed it. Then they placed rags inside the body. The rags had something on them to help preserve
the body. All this work took 2 or 3 months!
6
Next, the body was wrapped in bandages. First the bandages went around the toes, legs and arms. Each part
was wrapped separately. Then they wrapped the whole body. There might be as many as 20 layers on one mummy.
When the mummy was wrapped, it was time to bury it. But they didn't just put it in the ground.
7
The mummy was placed in a coffin. The rich had fancy coffins. The poor had plain ones. They had as many
coffins as they could – three or four or even more. Each was painted, and they were set one inside another. Sometimes
there was even gold on the coffin. The famous mummy of King Tut had a gold mask, and four coffins. The coffin went
into a tomb. Food was put in the tombs for the mummies. There might be paintings there too. There might be tools or
clothing or jewels. All this was for the dead person to use in the life after death.
8
We've found many of these coffins, and the gold and jewels too. They show us how life was lived in Egypt at
that lime. But today, no one can make a mummy the way they did in Egypt. We know most of how it was done, but no
matter how we try, we can't do it. We can't preserve a body for a thousand years. The Egyptians said, "You will live
again. You will live forever." Today we still have the mummies they made.

Reading Skills

1. Mummies are
a. dead bodies
b. coffins
c. a kind of salt

27
 Reading Attainment System 5

2. In Egypt they made mummies to

a. scare people
b. paint the body
c. preserve the body

3. Mummies last for

a. 2 or 3 months
b. a week
c. thousands of years

4. (Paragraph 4) The brain was taken out through the

ear
nose
top of the head

(Paragraph 6) The body was wrapped in

gold
bandages
paintings
Ii
(Paragraph 7) The paintings, tools, and food in the tombs were put there for 8. a short lime only
the life after death
people who came afterwards
Jars were used in which to keep 8. the tomb
the nose
the insides

The rich people had

more coffins
more tombs
more bandages
In the tombs we find
mail
books
paintings
Mummies help us know
how to live forever
what life was like in Egypt
how to dig up tombs

Vocabulary Skills

GLOSSARY---------------------------------

preserve
To keep in good condition.
Example: They try to preserve art in a museum.
Kept or set apart.
Example: In the zoo the lions and the deer have to be in separate cages.
A grave, or place 10 bury a body. Example: Put the coffin in the tomb.

28
 Reading Attainment System 5

To cover or protect.
Example: Bakers wrap bread in special paper.
separate
tomb
wrap

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
Put your math homework and your spelling in _
book.
parts of your
2. Photos help _
our memories of the past.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Paragraph 1 says:
"We call il a lost art."
In this sentence, what does art mean?
sketch
way to do things
picture
Paragraph 2 says:
"They have lasted so long they are still around today ... " In this sentence, what does lasted mean?
remained
sale of a shoe
the end

7. THE DEAD WHO UVE fOREVER

Which word would you put next after the word mummy? a, coffin
preserve
tomb

Paragraph 5 says:
"They took a kind of salt."
In this sentence, what does salt mean?
put away
a sailor
a spice for food
Paragraph 3 says:
"All those who could afford it, had their bodies preserved."
Write Ihe word that means had the money to pay .
•
Paragraph 5 says:
"Then they put a kind of salt all over the body 10 help it dry out fast."
Write the word that means quickly.

Paragraph 4 says:
"All of the insides were taken out ... "
This time, write the word that means the opposite of none.
Alphabetical Order. To put words in alphabetical, or a-b-c order, look at the first letters of the words. These words are
in alphabetical order:
~, back 2. may 3. today
car might took
full more town

29
 Reading Attainment System 5

-
\
Look again at the words in question 9. Which word would you put next after the word cut?
coffin
preserve
tomb

•
,

7. filii DliAD WilD UVE FOREVER

Thinking Skills :~~:'o"'

Identifying Similarities. In each question, choose the word that goes best in the blank space.
The MISSISSIPPI is the main river of , just as
the NILE is the main river of EGYPT.
Africa
Missouri
the United States
A MUMMY is a dried and preserved BODY, just as
~ are dried and preserved GRAPES.
apples
Egyptians
raisins
Identifying Relationships. Look carefully at the pairs of words in capitals.
Try to figure out the relationships between each pair. Then choose the sentence thai does the bestjob of showing how
the words are related.
3. SALT: MUMMY
Mummies ate salt.
Salt was found with mummies.
Salt was used to preserve a mummy.
4. HEART: BLOOD
The heart controls the flow of blood.
The heart is made of blood.
The heart has blood in it.
Analogies. Two pairs at words that are related in the same way are called an analogy. In the question below, figure out
how the pair of words in capitals are related. Then choose the pair of words below it that are related in the same way.
HEART: BLOOD
LUNGS: AIR
LUNGS: BREATHE
LUNGS: CHEST

30
 Reading Attainment System 5

8. The Gossamer Condor

The story of the first time a human being flew like a bird-using muscle power.

1
People have always wanted to fly like birds. The Greeks used to tell a story about a boy who made wings out of
wax and feathers. He flew too near the sun, and the sun's heat melted the wax. The boy fell into the sea and was killed.
2
In real life, people have tried to fly by putting wings on their arms. They would run and flap their wings, but
they would not get ott the ground. A bird is much stenger than a person when it comes to flapping wings.
3
Even after people could fly in gasoline-powered airplanes. some people still tried to fly by their own power.
They tried many things, but human-powered planes could not rise off the ground.
4
A rich British businessman, Henry Kremer, offered a prize of over $1 00,000 to anyone who could design a
human-powered plane. Years went by. No one could build such a plane.
5
Then an American team directed by Dr. Paul MacCready took on the challenge. The problem with the old
planes was the weight. If Dr. MacCready could build a plane light enough, a man might be strong enough to make it fly.
6
The main problem was human muscles. Human arms are weak. But human legs are strong. So Dr. MacCready's
plane would be pedaled like a bicycle.
7
Dr. MacCready saw how kids built model airplanes out of balsa wood sticks and tissue paper. These were light
but strong. He would do the same thing, using plastic. He made a frame using light-weight tubes and plastic foam
struts. He then covered the frame with sheets of clear plastic very much like those used in the supermarket to wrap
food in.
8
The day came to fly the plane. It was as strange an aircraft as anyone had ever seen. Its wings were longer
than the wings on a jet airliner. But the plane weighed only 70 pounds (32 kilograms)! You could see right through the
wings and the body. It looked almost like a ghost plane. They called it the Gossamer Condor. Gossamer means
something very thin and light, like a spider web. A condor is a big bird with long wings.
9
The pilot, Bryan Allen, was ready to fly. He had prepared himself to pedal the plane by racing bicycles. He was
thin but strong. Allen climbed into the see through cabin under the wings. He sat on a bicycle seat and began pedaling.
This turned a large plastic propeller.
10 Allen pedaled harder and harder. The propeller turned and pushed the plane
into the air. He did what no other man had ever done. He flew using his own muscles. Allen flew for 7V;:: minutes at a
speed of 11 miles per hour (17.6 kilometers an hour). When the flight was over, he climbed out of the plane and fell to
the ground exhausted. But Dr. MacCready and his group had won the Kremer prize.
8. THE GOSSAMER CONDOR
GLOSSARY---------------------------------
challenge
Something that is hard to do or get.
Example: John found buildinq model planes a challenge.
Tired.
Example: The winners of the basketball game were exhausted after playing for 2 hours.
A thin sheet or coating.
Example: Record jackets are usually covered with a sheet of plastic film when you buy them.
A thin, light web.
Example: Women's stockings are gossamer.
Being ready to do something.
Example: Mary was prepared to win the swimming meet.

exhausted
film
gossamer
prepared
I
v
"
dh

31
 Reading Attainment System 5

1\ d
od
1- j
1

jj, INt I>V;;;;AMtH \;V","[Link]

,
Reading Skills
BOOK S SEUCTJON8

,
i
The story is about
a strange bird
a strange man
a strange plane
Why could the Gossamer Condor fly when other human-powered planes could not?
it was bigger than other planes
it was much lighter than other planes
it could flap its wings
-

(Paragraph 6) The Gossamer Condor was powered by

bicycle pedals
arm muscles
a gas engine
J
,
•
(Paragraph 8) The Gossamer Condor got its name because
you could see through it. and it had long wings
it was powered by humans, and had a large propeller
it used bicycle pedals, and it won the Kremer prize
•
(Paragraph 8) Which has the longest wings?
the Gossamer Condor
a jet liner
a large bird
•
6, (Paragraph 6) The outside of the Gossamer Condor was made out of
sheet metal
clear plastic
tissue paper
!
The frame of the Gossamer Condor was made out 01
hollow tubes and plastic foam
balsa wood and glue
bamboo and rubber

8. THE GOSSAMER CONDOR

32
 Reading Attainment System 5

The Gossamer Condor was pushed into the air by

a blast of air
bicycle wheels pushing on the ground
a big plastic propeller
Who was Henry Kremer?
the pilot of the Condor
the builder of the Condor
the rich man who gave the prize
5
The Gossamer Condor won the prize by:
flying very fast
flying farther than an ordinary plane
C. simply getting off the ground and flying around a field

Vocabulary Skills ;'~~;,o ..

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. Judy did not think that learning to rirJlj a bicycle was a _
2. The window was covered with a
of dirt.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word light in paragraph 5, As it is used here, light means
lamp
not dark
not heavy
Find the word strong in paragraph 7. As it is used here, strong means
smelly
not easy to break
powerful
Find the word ghost in paragraph 8. As it is used here, ghost means
scary
dead
see-through

airliner
bomber
sailplane
glider

8, THE GOSSAMER CONDOR

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and lit· tie are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 7. Find the word that is the synonym of skeleton.
Write the word.
Look at paragraph 8. Find the word that is a synonym of odd, Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.
Look at paragraph 9. Find the word that is the antonym of fat. Write the word.
Prefixes. The prefix air- often means something to do with flying or planes. In paragraph 8, aircraft is a machine that
flies.
What is an airline?
a big path
a bag of air
a company that flies planes

33
 Reading Attainment System 5

Whot does airport mean?

a place for ships
a place where airplanes land
an air blower

Thinking Skills :~,~~:.o...

Things in Common. Looking at a list of things and seeing what they all have in common is a valuable thinking skill.
1. Look at the following list of words:
The best and most complete way to describe these words to someone is to say that they are all
airplanes
machines
things in the air

8. THE GOSSAMER CONDOR

2. Look at the following list of words:
condor
bird
hawk
eagle
ostrich
One of these words is a generalword. That is, all the others are examples of it or refer to it. Which is the general word?
Definitions. When you define a word, you otten have to start off by thinking about what general kind of thing it is.
Look at the definition of the word film in the Glossary. It says a film is a sheet or coating.
What is the best way to describe what general kind of thing oil is?
a liquid
it feels funny when you get it on your hands
something oily
A definition often starts out with telling something general. Then it goes on to give more information about the word.
Look at the delinition of gossamer in the Glossary. Then look at this definition:
denim a kind of cloth ...
This definition is incomplete. The best way to complete it would be to add the words
that's often blue, but doesn't have to be
thai a lot of my clothes are made of
made from cotton, widely used to make jeans
5. Look at the following definition:
paint A coating.
Is this definition complete or incomplete?
complete
incomplete

9. Beware the Swindler!

BOOK S, SELECTION 9
The crooks who make money from people who are easily fooled-and how they do it.

I A man named P T. Barnum once said, "There's a sucker born every minute."
That coulc be true. It seems that for every crook who goes out to swindle someone, there are loads of people just
looking to be swindled. They think they can get something for nothing.
2 Some swindlers "sell" things they don't own. For example, one swindler sold
the information booth in Grand Central Railroad Station in New York. The man who bought it hoped to use it as a fruit

34
 Reading Attainment System 5

stand.
3 Then of course there's the swindle where crooks sell the Brooklyn Bridge to
anyone who will buy it. That may be the most famous swindle of all. The Brooklyn Bridge has been "sold" to hundreds
of different suckers.
4 These are small-time swindles. In the big swindles, crooks get away with mil-
lions of dollars. Take the case of Whitaker Wright, who lived in England. He was a friend of the King's family, so rich
people trusted him. Wright said that he had a gold mine in Australia. He asked people to give him money to mine the
gold. He got more than 110 million dollars.
5 He went yachting. He bought one big house, and built another. He had a pool
room built under a lake on his land. People could look up and see fish rr:rougn the glass ceiling.

9. BEWARE THE SWINDLER!

GLOSSARY----------------------------------,
gadget
A very general name for any kind of tool.
Example: A bottle opener is a gadget for opening bottles.
Someone who invents or makes something lor the first time.
Example: Thomas Edison was the inventor of the light bulb.
Put money into something, with the hope that it will payoff later.
Example: If you invest your money in stocks and bonds, you may get back more money than you put In.
inventor
invest
swindle
Cheat, or con.
Example: If you sell someone the Brooklyn Bridge you swindle him, because the Brooklyn Bridge isn't for sale.

~ But after a while people began to wonder why no gold was being mined. Wright had swindled them. There was no
qold.
7 Then there was the inventor named John Keely. He had a wonderful little machine called the "Keely Engine." Keely
said that it could run a train. He claimed the train could go 100 miles with just one quart of water as fue/. And he said
the train would go a mile a minute.
8 Keely spent his whole life getting people to invest money in his machine. He
put on shows in his workshop. There, he poured water into his machine. The machine then tore up thick ropes. And it
bent iron bars out of shape.
p When Keely died, the truth was found out. In his basement Keely had another machine. This was a huge, powerful
machine that really did all the work, It was hooked up to the small Keely Engine overhead,
10 Another clever swindler was P. F. Jernegan. He talked people into giving him 300 thousand dollars for a gadget he
had invented. The gadget was supposed to pick up gold from the sea. It was just a metal rod. But when it was dropped
in the sea and lifted out again, it was covered with qcld.

9. BEWARE THE SWINDLER!

11 Jerneqan's trick was easy. He had a friend who was a deep-sea diver. His
friend would dive down and change the first rod for one coated with gold. Jernegan, however, was an unusual swindler.
Later, he felt sorry and gave back much of the money he had taken.
12 You might think that people today are too smart for swindlers. It's not true.
Swindlers have joined the space age. Now they are making money by selling land on the moon. As long as people try to
get something for nothing, swindlers will make money from suckers.
•
I

35
 Reading Attainment System 5

Skills
BOOK 5 SELECTION 9
•
This story tells about
one swindle
two swindles
several swindles
I
•
i
The victims of the swindler hope that
the swindler will be successful
there's a sucker born every minute
they can get something for nothing
-
(Paragraph 2) What did the man who "bought" the booth in Grand Central Station want to do with it?
move it
use it as a fruit stand
use it for information
(Paragraph 3) A well-known swindle that has been done hundreds of times is the "sale" of
the Brooklyn Bridge
a fruit stand
an information booth
,
I
(Paragraph 4) What was Wright's swindle?
he said he had a gold mine
he said he had a pool room built under a lake
he said he would build a big house

9. BEWARE THE SWIII/DLER!

~.IParaaraDh 11) How did Jernegan work his swindle?
a enver cnangad roe roc
the rod was covered with gold paint
C, there was gold at the bottom of the sea
(Paragraph 11) Which swindler paid back some of the money he swindled out of people?
8. Jernegan
Keely
Wright
How have swindlers joined the space age?
they are working as space flyers
they sell land on the moon
they sell land on the sun
What do you think swindlers think most people are?
friends
suckers
swindlers like themselves
P.T. Barnum, 8 circus man, was the man who first said "There's a sucker born every minute." What kind of a man do
you think Barnum was?
a bit of 8 swindler himself

36
 Reading Attainment System 5

a man who knew nothing about swindles

a man who was always the victim of swindles

Vocabulary Skills :~;:roN'

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. This old car keeps breaking down; it's time to in a new one.
2. Alexander Bell, whO made the first telephone, was a(n) _
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word sucker in paragraph 1. As it is used here, sucker means
baby
foolish person
kind of candy

9, 8£WARE THE SWINDLERI

What does investor mean?
someone who has a vest
someone who puts money in
someone who wants in

Find the word loads in paragraph 1. As it is used here, loads means

heavy weights
lots
piles on
Find the word hooked in paragraph 9. As it is used here, hooked means
caught
swindled
C. tied, or joined
Synonyms. synonyms are words thai have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 10. Find the word that is a synonym of only. Write the word.
7, Look at paragraph 11. Find the word that is a synonym of crook. Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.
Look al paragraph 10. Find the word that is an antonym of stupid. Write the word.
Suffixes. The suffixes -or and -er often mean "someone who ... " In paragraph 7, inventor means "someone who
invents." In paragraph 11, swindler means "someone who swindles."
1 O. What does miner mean?
a, someone who does mining
someone who is mean
someone who is mine

9. BEWARE THE SWINDLER'

Thinking Skills :~~:""

Identifying Similarities. In each question, choose the word that goes best in the blank space.
A SWINDLER gets money by CHEATING people, just as
a gets money by ROBBING them.
crook
sucker
thief
You get GOLD from a(n) , just as

37
 Reading Attainment System 5

you get POTATOES from a GARDEN.

mine
ocean
swindler
Identifying Relationships. Look carefully at the pairs of words in capitals.
Try to figure out the relationships between each pair. Then choose the sentence that does the bestjob of showing how
the words are related.
3. TRAIN: LOCOMOTIVE
A train is made from locomotives.
A train needs a locomotive.
A train is pulled by a locomotive.
4. SWINDLER: SUCKER
A swindler is a sucker himself.
A swindler looks for a sucker to be his victim.
A swindler thinks a sucker is a fool.
Analogies. Two pairs of words that are related in the same way are called an analogy. In the question below, figure out
how the pair of words in capitals are related. Then choose the pair of words below it that are related in the same way.
SWINDLER: SUCKER
CAT: DOG
CAT: KITTEN
CAT: MOUSE

•
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(0,0);(21500,0);(21500,21500);(8438,21500)posrelh0posrelv0pib

BOOK S. SElECTION 10
,
How a substance made by your body prepares you to go into action when you get angry.
I
10. at Does Anger Do
to You?
-
"
~
1 Anger is strong stutt Did you ever look at an angry cat? It shows anger all over
its body. Its fur stands out. Its muscles are tense. It's set for action. And for an angry cal, action means a fight!
2 Anger hits people just about the same way. Suppose you get mad at someone.
Your heart starts to pound, Your face gets red. You feel tunny in your stomach. You may start to sweat.
J Why? How does anger do that? Anger is the body's way of getting ready to
fight. When you're going to fight, you have to think fast and move fast. Your body has to be ready. And anger gets your
body set for action .
4 What makes all this happen? It is something called adrenalin. It comes from
the lower part of your back. And when you are angry, your blood carries it all over your body.
5 A shot of adrenalin is like stepping down hard on the gas pedal in a car. It gets
things moving fast. Here are some of the things adrenalin does to you:
I
i

38
 Reading Attainment System 5

•
,
i

10. WH"T DOES loNGER DO TO VOU?

GLOSSARY--------------------------------,

adrenalin
Something made by the body which makes you react faster.
Example: When you get mad, your body puts out adrenalin to speed you up.
Go-power, or the force that makes something run. Example: I don't have the energy to work all day without a break.
energy
muscles
The parts of the body that let you move.
Example: If you exercise a lot, your muscles will be in good shape.
The belly.
Example: When you eat a big dinner, your stomach feels full.
Stiff, or tight.
Example: When your muscles get tense, they get very hard.
stomach
tense

a. It speeds up your brain. You don't think any better. You don't even think as clearly. But you think faster, and your
brain lets you act faster.
b. It hits your heart. Your heart beats faster. And this pumps blood faster to where your body needs it.
c. It makes you breathe faster. In a fight, you need plenty of air. Otherwise you would run out of breath.
d.1t slows down the blood supply to your stomach. You don't fight with your stomach. It doesn't need the blood that
much.
[Link] makes the hairs on the back of your neck stand up. This doesn't do you much good. But if you had fur, like a cat,
you'd look bigger and meaner.
f. It makes your body send sugar into your blood. Sugar is the body's energy. The blood carries the sugar to your
muscles. You get fast energy.
6 Anger sets you up to go into action. It helps you if you have to act-and act
fast.
7 But what about the times when you get angry, but don't go into action? An
angry person who does not act may get the shakes. He or she may start to shake even after a fight. That's because the
body is still charged up, but not doing anything. Too much anger may actually harm the body. A person who is angry
much of the time may get stomach trouble, for instance.

10. WHAT DOES ANGER DO TO YOU?

8 Anger can be useful. It's useful when you need to act first, think later. It's not
much help when you need more than just fast action. You can't think clearly when you are mad. That's why athletes
won't let themselves get mad. They may lose control. And they might lose a match or a game.
9 For anger is the way the body gets ready for real trouble. That's the only use
tor anger. Outside at the times when anger is really needed, it doesn't help you at all.
Reading Skills
SOOK 5 ~I!U!CTION '0
1 , This story is about
how anger changes the way your body works
how famous people have made anger work for them
why you should never get in a fight

39
 Reading Attainment System 5

What good is anger?

it gets your body set for action
it keeps you out of trouble
it keeps your nerves calm
What does adrenal in do to you?
slows your body down
speeds your body up
nothing
(Paragraph 4) Where does adrenalin come from?
a pill
the lower part of your back
you have to buy it in stores
(Paragraph 5b) What does adrenalin do to the heart?
makes it beat faster
makes it beat slower
makes it stop beating
(Paragraph 5f) What does sugar do for your body?
gives you fast energy
makes you hungry
slows you down

fO. WHAT DOES ANGER 00 TO YOU?

What happens if you get angry, but don't go into action?
you get sleepy
you may get the shakes
nothing
How does adrenalin make an angry cat look big and mean?
he grows bigger
his fur stands up
his teeth get white
Suppose a man had lots of aorenauo in his blood C:l1I the time. What do you think would happen?
he might get stomach trouble
he'd be very healthy
it wouldn't do anythina to him
Anger is only good
if you don't like to fight
if you get angry au the time
if you need it for real trouble

Vocabulary Skills :~~~:"'"

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. Betty can jump almost six feet in the air. Look at the power in her leg
2. I'm tired. I don't seem to have much ----.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word set in paragraph 1. As it is used here, set means
group of people
place where a movie is made
ready
•
Find the word pound in paragraph 2. As it is used here, pound means

40
 Reading Attainment System 5

beat very hard

place to keep dogs
how much something weighs

10. WHAT DOES ANGER DO TO YOU?

Find the word back in paragraph 4. As it is used here, back means

back up a car
move away
part of the body
Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 1. Find the word that is a synonym of hair. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 5b. Find the word that is a synonym of quicker. Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.
Look at paragraph 5e. Find the word that is an antonym of front. Write the word.
Using Apostrophes. The meaning of a word or a sentence may depend on how an apostrophe is used.
Find the words "the body's energy" in paragraph Sf.
What is another way to write this?
the body is the energy
the body of the energy
enemy for the body
Find the words "does not" in paragraph 7.
What is another way to write this?
didn't
doesn't
don't
Thinking Skills :;o::~:"'"
Faet and Opinion. In your thinking, you should be able to tell a fact from an opinion,
"The sun is a star" is a fact. It can be proved by a scientist.
"George Washington was a great president" is an opinion. It may be a good opinion, but it's not something a scientist
can prove.

10. WHAT DOES ANt;l~R 00 TO YOU?

Which of these statements states a tact? (choose one)
Anger causes your body to produce adrenalin.
Anger is a bad, harmful emotion.
You should try not to get angry too often.
Which of these statements states an opinion? (choose one)
An angry eat's fur stands out.
Anger slows down the blood supply to your stomach.
My little brother looks silly when he gets mad.
Logical Thinking. Thinking logically means taking information and drawing the right conclusions from it.
3. Look at these statements:
An angry eat's hair stands out. Sam is an angry cat.
Which conclusion is correct?
Sam's hair is standing out.
Sam's hair is lying smooth.
Sam is an outstanding cat.
4. Look at these statements:
Every time Rocky has lost his temper, he has lost a fight. Rocky won his last fight.
Which conclusion is correct?

41
 Reading Attainment System 5

Rocky lost his temper during his last fight.

Rocky didn't lose his temper during his last fight.
Rocky never loses his temper.
5. Look at these statements:
Someone who constantly gets angry makes a bad teacher. Mr. Nomura is a good teacher.
Which conclusion is correct?
Mr. Nomura gets angry all the time.
Mr. Nomura does not get angry all the time.
Neither conclusion is correct.

BOOK 5, SELECTION II

Floors up

Hundreds ot teet above the ground, bridges and skyscrapers are being built by Mohawk Indians.

! Think of just about any big building or bridge in the country. The Empire State
Building in New York, for example. Or the George Washington Bridge. Or the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.
Indians helped build every one of them. Some of the best steel workers in the world are Mohawk Indians. They work at
heights where most people would get dizzy and fall.
z Hundreds of years ago, the Mohawks were one of the most powerful Indian
tribes in the eastern part of the United States and Canada. Other Indian tribes were afraid of them. But whites took
over their lands. And the Mohawks were left with just a few small villages to live in.
3 One of these Indian villages is in Canada. In 1886, the life of the Mohawks in
this village changed for good. A steel company was putting up a bridge across a large river near the Mohawk village.
The company hired a few Mohawks as laborers.
4 The Mohawks were told to stay off the bridge itself. But they didn't. At every
spare moment, they were climbing up and down the steel beams of the bridge. They seemed to have no fear at all.
5 So the company picked out a few of the Mohawks and gave them special train-
ing. They were trained to do "high steel" work. They learned to put steel beams together high above the ground. The
Mohawks took to the work. It seemed as if they were born to work on high steel.
,

11. fORTY flOORS UP

GLOSSARY-----------------------------------

framework
The beams of a building or bridge.
Example: After the framework was up, they added the walls and floors.
laborer
A worker.
Example: The laborer carried bricks.
A metal bolt used to join two pieces of metal. Example: The rivets held the beams together so they couldn't move.
A person who joins steel beams with rivets. Example: The riveter had helped put up five bridges.
A very tall building.
Example: The skyscraper was 100 stories high.
rivet
riveter
skyscraper
6 Soon other Mohawks got trained in high steel work. They went all over Canada.
When a high steel bridge went up, there was sure to be a Mohawk gang working on it. When a building with a steel

42
 Reading Attainment System 5

framework went up, Mohawks were sure to be there, too.

r In the 1920's they started moving to the United States. Their base was Brook-
lyn, New York. Some Mohawks brought their wives and children down to Brook· Iyn. The families stayed in Brooklyn
while the men went from job to job around the country.
B The Mohawks are still working on steel buildings and bridges all over the U.S.
and Canada. Most of them are riveters. That's the most dangerous job in high steel work.
9 The Mohawks are very proud of the dangerous work they do. One of them
said, "I heated a million rivets. When they talk about the men who built our cities, one of the men they mean is me."

11. FORTY FLOORS UP

What changed the Indians' way of life?

a steel company moved near one of their villages
there was a flood in one of their villages
they still live the same way as always

The Indians talked about in this story come from

Canada and the U.S.
India
South America
What tribe of Indians does the story talk about?
Apaches
Cherokees
Mohawks
What kind of work do these Indians do?
clean buildings
make plans for buildings
put steel beams in buildings
What kind of buildings do the Indians work on?
brick barns
tall steel buildings
wood houses
(Paragraph 4) Why did the Indians take to this kind of work?
they had big feet
they had no fear
they were very tall
(Paragraph 7) The story says that many of the Indians have moved to
Brooklyn, New York
the Rocky Mountains
the South

The work the Indians do is

easy
dangerous
not much use
Where do the Indians do their work?
all over the U.S. and Canada
in small towns in Canada
in their villages
Why are the Indians proud of the work they do?

43
 Reading Attainment System 5

they have done the kind of work everyone likes to do

they have helped build our cities
they have kept to the old ways of life

Vocabulary Skills :~'~~;'ON"

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. The two beams were not held together tightly because of one broken
2. Her office was on the top floor of the _
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word just in paragraph 2. As it is used here, just means
exactly right
fair
only
Find the word beams in paragraph 4. As it is used here, beams means
bars used in building
rays
smiles
Find the word base in paragraph 7. As it is used here, base means
bottom
place to stay or to come back to
mean, nasty

skyscraper
church
house
school
barn

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a synonym of extra. Write the word.
I
Look at paragraph 7. Find the word that is a synonym of kids. Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.
-
Look at paragraph 9. Find the word that is an antonym of ashamed.
Write the word.
Suffixes. The suffix -er often means "someone who ... " In paragraph 1, workers means "people who work." tn
paragraph 8, riveters means "people who rivet. "

What does talker mean?

more talk
someone who talks
C. someone who doesn't talk
What does fighter mean?
more fight
someone right
someone who fights
•
,
,
i
Thinking Skills :~'~~:~N"

44
 Reading Attainment System 5

Things in Common. Looking at a list of things and seeing what they all have in common is a valuable thinking skill.
1. Look at the following list of words:
The best and most complete way to describe these words to someone is to say that they are all
buildings
homes
places

II. FORTY FlOORS UP

2. Look at the following list of words:
tower
monument
structure
wall
bridge
One of these words is a general word. That is, all the others are exam-
ples of it or refer to it. Which is the general word? _
Definitions. When you define a word, you often have to start off by thinking about what general kind of thing it is.
Look at the definition of the word framework in the Glossary. It says a framework is beams.
What is the best way to describe what general kind of thing a skeleton is?
bones
the insides of a person
scary
A definition otten starts out with telling something general. Then it goes on to give more information about the word.
Look at the definition of rivet in the Glossary. Then look at this definition:
paper clip a fastener ...
This definition is incomplete. The best way to complete it would be to add the words
that fastens things together
made of bent wire, used 10 hold papers together
that comes in a box that holds a hundred of them
5. Look at the following definition:
church A building where people go to worship.
Is this definition complete or incomplete?
complete
incomplete

BOOK 5, SELECTIO,.. 12
.'

The story of the first U.S. Air Force, more than 40 years before the airplane was invented.
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45
 Reading Attainment System 5

•
.
_-- _

The First American Air Force

The world's first airplane was flown in 1903. But for more than 100 years before that, people had been flying. They
didn't use airplanes. They used balloons.

Balloons were tricky. When people went up in one, they never knew where they were going to come down. They went
where the wind blew.
3 One day in 1861, a man named Thaddeus Lowe went up in a balloon in Ohio.
He wanted to study the weather. But the wind caught his balloon. And he was blown all the way to South Carolina.
r
i
,
4 At that time, the Civil War between the North and South was going on. When
Lowe stepped out of his balloon in South Carolina, a group of Southern troops arrested him. They thought he was a spy
from the North. They were all set to hang him on the spot.
5 Lowe had to do some fast talking. He was finally able to show the Southerners
that he wasn't a spy at all. And he was allowed to go back North.
6 But his trip to the South gave Lowe an idea. A man in a balloon could look over
a whole battlefield and spot all the enemy troops. He could help his army make plans for attack.
1 Lowe brought his idea to President Lincoln. With the President watching, Lowe
went up in another one of his balloons. And when he was high in the air, he sent messages down to Lincoln by
telegraph.

GLOSSARY~-------------------------------'
battlefield

Civil War
A place where a fight between armies takes place. Example: The soldiers marched onto the battlefield,
A war fought between the Northern and Southern states more Ihan a hundred years ago.
Example: In the Civil War, men from Ohio fought men from Alabama.
A large Army group.
Example: The general led the corps into battle.
Something that sends code messages over an electric wire.
Eliample: Telegraph code is made up of dots and dashes.
corps
telegraph
8 Lincoln liked Lowe's idea. He had Lowe set up an Army balloon corps. It was
only a small air force. But it was the first air force in American history.
9 For two years, Lowe and his men went up in balloons. They sent down word of
what they saw to Ihe Northern armies below. Of course, they were careful to keep ropes tied to their balloons. Lowe
didn't want his men to float off to South Carolina, as he had done once.
10 It is not clear to this day just how much good they did. There was usually a lot of
smoke on the battlefield. It was hard to see things below.
11 The balloons cost a lot of money to use, too. And it was hard to cart around the
tanks of gas that were used to fill the balloons.
12 The Northern generals weren't interested enough to keep the balloon corps
going. So in 1863, after two years, the balloon corps came to an end. The U.S. Armed Forces did not have an air corps
again until World War I. By that time, the airplane had been invented.

46
 Reading Attainment System 5

12. THE FIRST AMERICAN AIR FORCE

This story tells about an air force that flew
airplanes
balloons
rockets

Reading Skills :,':';~:~'"

What did this air force do in war?
it dropped bombs on the enemy
it shot down enemy planes
it spied on the enemy from the air

I
The story says that in 1861, Thaddeus Lowe flew in a balloon from Ohio to South Carolina. How did the balloon fly so
far?
it used huge engines
it was shot out of a rocket
the wind carried it
(Paragraph 6) Lowe felt balloons could be used in war. Why?
because they could carry big bombs
because they could fly fast
because they could fly high in the sky
-
(Paragraph 10) How much good did Lowe's air force do?
it did no good at all
it won the war
no one knows how much good it did
I
I
(Paragraph 12) How long did Lowe's air force last?
just a few years
until World War I
until World War II
When did Lowe start his air force?
during the Civil War
during World War I
during World War II

12. TH~ PIRST AM£RI(;AN AJH ~UH""~

Why didn't Lowe want his balloons to wind up in South Carolina?
it was too hot there
it would cost too much to fly them that far
mere was a war uri, CHIU South Carolina was enemy country
Why did Lowe tie ropes to his balloons?
so that his men could climb from balloon to balloon
to keep them from blowing up
to keep them from floating away
How did Lowe get his idea for an Air Force?
he found the idea in a book
it came to him on a trip he made by mistake
President Lincoln told him about it

47
 Reading Attainment System 5

Vocabulary Skills ::'&~;,""

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. There were many dead men left on Ihe _
2. She got in touch with her friends by _
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word spot in paragraph 6. As it is used here, spot means
a dot
pick out
a place
Find the word float in paragraph 9. As it is used here, float means
drift
a platform in a parade
stay on top of the water
Find the word tanks in paragraph 11. As it used here, tanks means
armed trucks used in war
large cans
prisons

12, THE FIRST AJIIERICAN AIR fORCE

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a synonym of soldiers. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 9. Find the word that is a synonym of messages, Write the word.
Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophones.
Look at paragraph 8. Find the word that is a homophone of core, Write the word.
Using Apostrophes. The meaning of a word or a sentence may depend on how an apostrophe is used.
Find the words "Lowe's idea" in paragraph 8. What is another way to write this?
Lowe is the idea
the idea Lowe had
the Lowe of idea
Find the words "did not have" in paragraph 12. What is another way to write this?
did have's
didn't have
haven't done

Correct Order. Putting things in correct order is an important thinking skill.

Look at the list below. Put the items in order of time, from earliest to latest.
Lowe is blown to South Carolina.
Lowe meets with Lincoln.
Lowe starts the balloon corps.

12. 'H~ ~IH~I ..... "HI ..... ,.. "'" rv" .... ~
Look at the lis1. Again, put the items in order of time.
_ Army Air Corps is started.
_ Army Banoon Corps is started.
_ Army Balloon Corps comes to an end.
Look at the list. Put the items in order of size, from smallest number of people to largest number of people.
a. army
_ corps
_ pair

48
 Reading Attainment System 5

Cause and Effect. Look at these two sentences:

Billie told a joke. Everybody laughed.
Telling a joke caused everybody to laugh. The telling is the causs. Everybody laughing is the effect. We say that the two
sentences show a causeeffect relationship.
Check the pair of sentences below that have a cause-effect relationship in the story. (The first is the reason for the
second, or causes the second.)
Lowe sent messages to Lincoln from the balloon. He used a telegraph.
Lincoln liked Lowe's idea. He had lowe set up a baJloon corps.
11 was only a small air force. But it was the first one in American history.
Again, check the pair that have a cause-effect relationship.
It's not clear how useful balloons were. There was usually a lot of smoke on the battlefield.
The balloons cost a lot of money. It was hard to cart around the tanks of gas that filled the balloons.
The generals lost interest in the balloon corps. In 1863 it came to an end.

..
The story of the volcano that destroyed a city of 30 thousand people in a few seconds.

Death Cloud at [Link]

,
St. Pierre is a town on the island of Martinique, in the West Indies. It is a small town. But in 1902, 30 thousand people
lived there.
Sf. Pierre is at the foot of a special kind of mountain that sometimes blows up.
This kind of mountain is called a volcano. And in the late spring of 1902, the volcano started to act up.
For days, ashes fell on the houses and streets of the city. The smell of gas was in the air. People had to keep wet cloths
over their faces. Otherwise they couldn't breathe. Horses fell down in the streets and died. Worst of all, the ground
shook all the time.
Some people packed up and left. But most did not They had been told that the volcano was safe. The St. Pierre
newspaper put out a story saying it was foolish for people to leave town. The governor of the island even moved to St.
Pierre to show that everything was all right.
,
•

GLOSSARY-------------------------------
fury
Wild anger, or terrible force.
Example: The fury of the storm scared us all.
The feeling you get from looking at or hearing about something awful.
Example: He looked on with horror at the murder taking place before his eyes.
Someone who is in jail.
Example: The prisoner looked through the bars of his cell.
What's left of something after it has been destroyed. Example: You can see the ruins of the old house on the hill.
A mountain that can blow up, sending out hot rocks and gas.
Example: When the volcano blew up, it destroyed the city.
horror
prisoner

49
 Reading Attainment System 5

ruins
volcano

In the city jail, a young prisoner wondered what was going on outside. His name was Ludger Sylbaris. He had no
window in his cell. There was just a small opening in his door. He got his food through this opening. And his jailor would
look in through the opening to make sure he was still there.
On the morning of May 8, 1902, Ludger waited for his breakfast. It was 8 o'clock. And at that moment, the side of the
volcano cracked open. Out roared a huge cloud of white-hot steam and gases. The cloud roiled down the mountain in
wild fury.
In his cell, Ludger saw none of this. He was standing with his back to the grating. Suddenly, a blast of heat entered the
cell through the tiny opening. Ludqer's skin started to burn. He jumped around in pain. He screamed for help. No help
came.
s
e
r
8 Ludger spent three more days in that cell. He did not know what had hap-
pened. From his cell he could see nothing. There was not even any sound outside. He had no food, but he did have a
little water. That kept him alive.
9 On the fourth day he heard voices outside. He shouted, "Save me!" His voice
was heard. He was taken from the jail.
10 It was some time before he could tell his story to the men who saved him. Then
he found out the real horror of what had happened.

11 Ludger Sylbaris was the only man left alive in S1. Pierre. The rest of the 30
thousand people were dead. The hot cloud from the volcano had killed them all. Only a smoking ruin was left of the
town.
12 When visitors go to St. Pierre today, they find themselves in a small town. Next
to the small town, they can see what is left of the old city. They can see the ruins where 30 thousand people died.
Reading Skills :~~~:~'"
What caused the death cloud at St. Pierre?
an atom bomb
a man
a volcano
The story tells how the life of Ludgar Sylbaris was saved. Ludger was
the governor
a prisoner in the jail
the richesl man in town
3 (Paragraph 1) Where is S1. Pierre?
in Europe
in the U.S.
in the West Indies
(Paragraph 4) The newspaper said that
everyone should leave
it didn't know what the trouble was
it was foolish to leave
(Paragraph 4) When the trouble at St. Pierre started, the governor of the island
left 81. Pierre in a hurry
moved to St. Pierre
told everyone to leave St. Pierre
(Paragraph 8) Ludger was left without help for
a few hours

50
 Reading Attainment System 5

three days
almost a year

How many of the people of SI. Pierre were saved?

only one
hundreds C. thousands
How many of the people of St. Pierre were killed?
only one
hundreds
thousands
What is St. Pierre today?
a big city
just a hole in the ground
a small town
The story shows that Ludger Sylbaris was
lucky
smart
stupid

Vocabulary Skills :~~~;~'"

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. The crook has been caught. She's now a
2. After the bombs fell, the buildings were in ----
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word foot in paragraph 2. As it is used here, foot means
bottom
measure of length
part 01 the body
Find the word cracked in paragraph 6. As it is used here, cracked means
broke
hit
made a loud noise with a whip

What does instructor mean?

more instruction
someone who installs
teacher

Find the word saved in paragraph 10. As it is used here, saved means
put in the bank
rescued
used less time
Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 2. Find the word that is a synonym of type. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a synonym of silly. Write the word.
Antonyms. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Tall and short are antonyms.
Look at paragraph 3. Find the word that is an antonym of dry. Write the word.
Suffixes_ The suffix -or often means "someone who ... "
In paragraph 4, governor means "someone who governs." In paragraph 5, jailor means "someone who jails."
1 O. What does sailor mean?
sail

51
 Reading Attainment System 5

someone who makes a living from sailing on ships

someone who is a sail

Fact and Opinion. In your thinking, you should be able to tell a fact from an opinion.
"The sun is a star" is a fact. It can be proved by a scientist.
"George Washington was a great president" is an opinion. It may be a good opinion, but it's not something a scientist
can prove.

13. DEATH CLOUD AT sr PIERRE

Which of these statements states a fact? (choose one)
The story of what happened to 81. Pierre is a horrible one.
The governor should have told everyone to leave 81. Pierre.
81. Pierre was destroyed by a volcano.
Which of these statements states an opinion? (choose one)
Only one man was left alive in 81. Pierre.
He was a prisoner in a small jail cell.
St. Pierre did not deserve the terrible fate that it suffered.
Logical Thinking. Thinking logically means taking information and drawing the right conclusions from it.
3. Look at these statements:
No town at the foot of a volcano is safe. Our town is at the foot of a volcano.
Which conclusion is correct?
Our town is safe.
Our town is not safe.
Neither conclusion can be made from the information given.
4. Look at these statements:
The volcano has acted up before, and our city was not harmed. The volcano is acting up now.
Which conclusion is correct?
Our city will be harmed. Think of SI. Pierre.
Our city will not be harmed. This may be another false alarm.
Neither conclusion can be made fram the information given.
5. Look at these statements:
Someone outdoors could not have survived the volcano. Ludger Sylbaris survived the volcano.
Which conclusion is correct?
Ludger Sylbaris was outdoors.
Ludger Sylbaris was not outdoors.
Neither conclusion can be made tram the information given.

BOOK 5, SELECTION 14
--

A young Indian woman in her teens guided one of the most important American expeditions in the West.
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-
-

'r"

52
 Reading Attainment System 5

,.,. .
'(
.' . '.
-
--

_- _ -
-
14. Sacajawea
1 No other American woman has been honored as much as Sacajawea (say
SACK-uh-juh-WAY-uh), A river and a mountain pass and peak in Montana are named for her. In Oregon and North
Dakota there are statues of her. Three Forks, Montana, has a boulder with a bronze tablet dedicated to her. Who was
this woman?
2 Sacajawea was a Shoshone Indian, She was born in Idaho. When she was in
her teens, she was captured by another tribe. She was then sold to a trapper named Charbonneau (say SHAR-bun-no),
who married her. Since her husband knew Indian languages, other white men hired him as an interpreter.
J Before the West was fully part of the United States, two explorers named Lew-
is and Clark were sent to explore it. They wanted to find the way through the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. They
needed interpreters to help them cross the Indian lands. They hired Charbonneau. Sacajawea came with them. In the
end, it was Sacajawea who made the trip successful.

14. SACAJAWEA
dedleated
Set apart for a d",finile purpose·. honoring; showing special respect.
Example: They dedicated the school to Martin Lu-
ther King.
A trip for a special purpose.
Example: The purpose of the expedition was to find a way through the mountains.
Plant whose seeds are used in medicine and cooking.
Example: He grew fennel in his garden.
A person who translates, or changes, words from one language to another.
[Link]: The interpreter translated the English signs for the Spanish-speaking parents.
Measuring the land carefully.
Example: They were surveying the land so they could divide it into house lots.
expedition
fennel
interpreter
surveying

In 1805 the group set out in canoes on the Missouri River. Charbonneau and Sacajawea were in the first canoe with
their baby. They had important papers, maps, surveying instruments, meoJCine and other supplies. Suddenly gusts of
wind blew and almost turned the boat over. Some of the important goods fell overboard. Sacajawea grabbed the
supplies from the water. She almost fell in. When the wind died down. everyone fen relieved and thankful. Had
Sacajawea not been so quick. aJ tre -:0"-3111 papers and supplies would have been lost.
Sacajawea kne ..... rv ... [0 .. e in the wild. She knew how to get food from the plants along the WEJ 8-s '{I"e'It ... nere to
find wild carrots, fennel and potatoes. And she made ccoo sa::l~tr.i IDe bones of wild animals the men shot.
Her greatest he D 10~"":€ E.Q: :\111)0came as they approached Shoshone country. She could "reaa rre r:;o..;rZllS.
Where the white men saw only jagged peaks, she saw [Link]"lo...a.r Sl"lCDF.$SIte led the group through hidden passes to
the land of her birth.
One day Sacajawea was fta<llg with her husband when she saw a group of Indians coming toward trem. Sre jumped up
and down, pointing to them. They were a band of Shoshones-Sacaiawea's native tribe.
,

53
 Reading Attainment System 5

s
•
,

14. SACAJAWE"A
Reading Skills
BOOK 5 S(LECTIO'" 14

8 While Sacajawea was renewing old friendships, Lewis and Clark sat in a tent
with the chief. Sacajawea was sent for. When she saw the chief she jumped up and hugged him. Then she threw her
blanket over his head. She began to cry. The chief was her brother.
s Because of Sacajawea, the Lewis and Clark expedition through Shoshone
country was made much easier. Sacajawea's brother gave them Shoshone horses. Shoshone guides led them through
hidden passes and over high mountains. But Sacajawea helped them all the way to the Pacific Ocean. She and her
family returned with Lewis and Clark through the Northwest Territory.
10 The rest of Sacajawea's life is a mystery. No one is sure whether she died at
25 or whether she became a guide who took more people through the mountain passes of the Far West. One story says
she lived to be 100. All agree she has deserved a special place in American history.

1 . Sacajawea was
a Charbonneau Indian
a Shoshone Indian
part Indian and part white
Sacajawea was
an active, smart teen-ager
a strong, middle-aged woman
a wise old woman
Sacajawea knew many things about
living outdoors
city living
planning big expeditions
(Paragraph 2) Charbonneau was
an Indian
an interpreter
a slave
(Paragraph 4) Sacajawea saved important supplies from being
burned up
lost in a river
ripped up by bears

14_ SAGAlAWtA
(Paragraph 6) Sacajawea was able to help the expedition cross Idaho because she
grew up there
heard stories about safe roads
studied maps
When Sacajawea saw that the chief was her brother, she
threw her blanket over his head
danced around him singing
talked to him in English
What did the Shoshones do for Lewis and Clark? a, they guided them to the Pacific Ocean
they guided them over the mountains
they traveled with them for a year

54
 Reading Attainment System 5

Sacajawea deserves an honored place in American history because

she was the sister of a great chief
she helped to make the Lewis and Clark trip a success
she lived to be 100 years old
Why was it difficult for the Lewis and Clark expedition to get to the Pacific? 8. they had to cross a huge desert
mountains and rivers barred the way
sickness killed most of them

Vocabulary Skills :~,~~:""

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
[Link]. _
to Africa was a success.
2. She used a instrument to find the boundary of her property.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word tablet in paragraph 1. As it is used here, tablet means
small piece of medicine
pad of writing paper
small, flat surface with 8 written dedication

14. SACAJAWEA
Find the word died in paragraph 4. As it is used here, died means
became quiet
stopped living
stopped working
Find the word passes in paragraph 6. As it is used here, passes means
gaps in mountains
goes past
throws a ball
synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Sma" and lIttle are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 6. Find the word that is a synonym of forms. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 10. Find the word that is a synonym of earned. Write the word.
Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophonp.s.
Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a homophone of blue. Write the word.
Prefixes. The prefix re- often means "again." In paragraph 8, renewing means "making new again,"
What does repeat mean?
do, make or say again
make errors
make errors again
, o. What does rejoin mean?
pull apart
unite again
pull apart again
Thinking Skills :~,~~:"' ..
Correct Order. Putting things in correct order is an important thinking skill.

14. SACAJAWEA

Look at the list below. Put the items in order of time, from earliest to latest.
_ Sacajawea is captured.
_ Sacajawea is reunited with her brother.
c. Sacajawea marries.

55
 Reading Attainment System 5

Look at the list. Put the items in numerical order, from smallest to largest.
a. number of bronze tablets mentioned in the story that are dedi-
cated to Sacajawea
b. number of landforms mentioned in the story that are named for
Sacajawea
_ number of statues of Sacajawea mentioned in the story
Look at the list. Put the items in order of location, from farthest east to farthest west.
_ Missouri River, where the expedition started
_ Pacific Ocean
c. ROCky Mountains, wntcn Ina expedition crossed
Cause and Effect. Look at these two sentences:
Billie told a joke. Everybody laughed.
Telling a joke caused everybody to laugh. The telling is the cause. Everybody laughing is the effect. We say ihat the two
sentences show a causeeffect relationship.
Check the pair of sentences below that have a cause-effect relationship in the story. (The first is the reason for the
second, or causes the second.)
8. Sacajawea was born in Idaho. She was captured by another tribe.
She was sold to 8 trapper. His name was Charbonneau.
Charbonneau knew Indian languages. He was hired as an interpreter.
Again, check the pair that have a cause-effect relationship.
Sacajawea had grown up in Idaho. She was able to guide the expedition through the Idaho mountains.
She may have died at 25. She may have become a guide for other people.
One story says she lived to be 100. All agree she deserves a special place in American history.

BOOII.~, SE~fCTION 15

The king who built a sma" tribe into the most powerful nation in southern Africa.
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." .. -
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.~, -
-
- ..

15 Shaka ~an1or King of the Zulus

1 "Great as the sky!"

"Huge as the sea!" "Great as the mountains!"

2 These are some of the things that the Zulu people called their greatest king,
Shake.
3 For a time, in the early 1800's, Shaka was the most feared king in Africa, He
led his people, the Zulus, to victory over tribe after tribe in the southeast of Africa. Some tribes ran for more than a
thousand miles to get away from the might of Shaka.
4 When Shaka was born, the Zulus were only a tiny tribe. Shaka was the son of
the Zulu chief. But his father fought with his mother and made her leave the tribe. She and her young son had to hide
with another tribe, the Mtetwas.
5 Shaka grew up to be a great fighter. He became the head of the Mtetwa army.

56
 Reading Attainment System 5

Soon he conquered his own people, the Zulus. And when his father died, he became the Zulu chief.

1~. SHAKA-WARRIOR KING OF THE ZULUS

,
GLOSSARY-----------------------------------,
conquer
Take over by force, or win in war.
Example: The big country may conquer the little country after a short war.
Something made for the first time.
Example: The airplane was an American invention.
A piece of metal or wood carried in front of a fighter to protect him.
Example: The spear hit the man's shield, and didn't touch him at all.
6 Shaka now had an army of 500 Zulu men. He trained them in new ways of
fighting. The old Zulu way was to throw spears at the enemy. Shaka invented a new weapon. It was a short, stabbing
spear He taught each of his 500 men how to use it. They would run up to their enemies and use their shields to knock
away the enemy shields. Then the stabbing spear was used. It was a deadly way to fight.
7 The Zulu army beat all its enemies. And when Shaka beat another tribe in war,
he made all of the men of that tribe join his army. The more wars he won, the larger his army grew. Soon the Zulus
were a mighty nation. Their army had 80 thousand men in it.
8 For a while, it looked as if Shaka would take over all the tribes in the south of
Africa. Nothing could stop his army. But Shaka had two brothers who wanted to become kings themselves. They
plotted against him. And one day, they stabbed him to death. They killed him with his own invention, the stabbing
spear.
9 The king was dead, but the kingdom lived on. When the British came, the Zu-
lus fought them. It took a long, hard war for the British to defeat the Zulu army. And today, the Zulus are still the largest
native group in the south of Africa.
invention
shield
tribe
A small group of people who live together. Example: The tribe of Indians was advised by a group of wise women.
A soldier.
Example: The warrior fought in many battles.
warrior

!5. 5HAKA_WARRIOR KING OF THE ZI,.ILUS

Reading Skills
BOOK 5 SELECTION 15
1 . Shaka was a king of
an African nation
an American Indian tribe
a tribe in the South Seas
(Paragraph 4) When Shaka was a boy, he left the Zulus. Whom did he go with?
his father
his mother
he went by himself
(Paragraph 5) How did Shake come back to the Zulus?

57
 Reading Attainment System 5

he begged to come back

he conquered the Zulus
the Zulus begged him to come back

(Paragraph 6) When Shaka became chief, how big was the Zulu army?
only a lew hundred men
very large
there was no Zulu army
(Paragraph 6) What kind of weapon did Shaka invent?
a bow and arow
a gun
a short stabbing spear

(Paragraph 7) How did Shaka's army grow?

everyone wanted to join the Zulu army
men from defeated tribes were forced to join the Zulu army
Shaka made the Zulus have lots of children
How did the Zulus use Shaka's new weapon?
they shot it at the enemy
they stabbed their enemies
they threw it at the enemy

15. SHAKA_WARRIOR KING OF THE ZULUS

How did Shaka die?
he died from a long sickness
he died in a war with the British
his brothers killed him

After Shake's death, what happened to the Zulus?

they finally became a kingdom
they fought the British
there were no more Zulus
How do you think the other tribes felt about Shake?
they felt sorry for him
they thOught he was a weak Iiqhter
they were afraid of him

Vocabulary Skills ::,~;",,,

Glossary Check. Find the Glossary word that should go in each sentence.
Then write the word.
1. The spear didn't touch him because he carried a _
2. The powerlul army set out to _
the people of other countries.
Word Meanings. The meaning of a word depends on how the word is used.
Find the word great in paragraph 1. As it is used here, great means
big, important
main
very good
Find the word great in paragraph 5. As it is used here, great means
large
main
very good

58
 Reading Attainment System 5

Find the word beat in paragraph 7. As it is used here, beat means

hit
tick like a heart
won wars against

15, SHAII'A-WARRIOR 1I'1/1I;,I"OF THE ZULUS

Synonyms. Synonyms are words that have the same meaning. Small and little are synonyms.
Look at paragraph 4. Find the word that is a synonym of small. Write the word.
Look at paragraph 7. Find the word that is a synonym of bigger. Write the word.
Homophones. Homophones are words that sound the same. To and two are homophones.
Look at paragraph 5. Find the word that is a homophone of dyed. Write the word.
Alphabetical Order. To put words in alphabetical, or a-b-c order, look at the first letters of the words. These words are
in alphabetical order:
back 2. may 3. today
car might took
full more town
Which word would you put next after the word Shaka?
shield
should
stab

Look again at the words in question 9. Which word would you put next after the word spear?
Thinking Skills :;,~~;'o."
Identifying Similarities. In each question, choose the word that goes best in the blank space.
EDISON invented the LlGHTBULB, just as
SHAKA invented the _
Shield
stabbinq spear
Zulu army

15. SHAKA-WARRIOR KING OF THE ZULUS

A is the leader of an ARMY, just as

an ADMIRAL is the leader of a NAVY.
general
soldier
warrior
Identifying Relationships. Look carefully at the pairs of words in capitals.
Try to figure out the relationships between each pair. Then choose the sentence that does the bestjob of showing how
the words are related.
SHAKA : ZULUS
Shaka was defeated by the Zulus.
Shaka was the king of the Zulus.
Shaka was a Zulu.
SHAKA : CONQUEROR
Shaka is famous as a conqueror.
The name "Shaka" means "conqueror."
Shaka was never conquered.
Analogies. Two pairs of words that are related in the same way are called an analogy. In the question below, figure out
how the pair of words in capitals are related. Then choose the pair of words below it that are related in the same way.
SHAKA : CONQUEROR [Link] : ENGLAND
SHAKESPEARE: PLAYS

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 Reading Attainment System 5

SHAKESPEARE: WRITER

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