Class XII Physics - All-in-One Notes
Section 1: Detailed Notes
Electric Charges & Fields: Coulomb’s law, superposition principle, electric field lines, Gauss’s law
and applications.
Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance: Potential due to point charge, equipotential surfaces,
capacitors, energy in capacitor.
Current Electricity: Ohm’s law, resistivity, drift velocity, combination of resistors, Kirchhoff’s laws,
Wheatstone bridge.
Moving Charges & Magnetism: Lorentz force, Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s law, motion of charged
particle in magnetic field.
Magnetism & Matter: Bar magnet, magnetic field lines, earth’s magnetism, susceptibility &
permeability.
Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, eddy currents, self & mutual induction.
Alternating Current: AC voltage applied to resistor, inductor, capacitor, RLC circuit, resonance,
transformer.
Section 2: Quick Revision
• Coulomb’s Law: F = k q1q2 / r²
• Gauss’s Law: ■E·dA = q/ε■
• Ohm’s Law: V = IR; Drift velocity v = I / (neA)
• Biot–Savart Law: dB = µ■/4π (Idl × r)/r³
• Faraday’s Law: emf = -dΦ/dt
• AC: I = I■ sin(ωt); Impedance Z = √(R²+(XL–XC)²)
Section 3: Exam-Oriented Notes
Electric Charges: State Coulomb’s law. Derive expression for electric field due to infinite line
charge.
Potential & Capacitance: Derive energy stored in capacitor. Explain series & parallel combination
of capacitors.
Current Electricity: Explain Wheatstone bridge. State and derive drift velocity expression.
Magnetism: Derive expression for magnetic field on axis of a circular coil using Biot–Savart law.
Electromagnetic Induction: State Faraday’s laws. Derive expression for self-inductance of
solenoid.
AC: Derive expression for impedance in series RLC circuit. Define resonance.
