Distributed Generation (DG) and

Microgrid
 What is Microgrid?

Microgrids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed

energy resources, (such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable
loads) that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected
to the main power network or while islanded.
What is Microgrid?
• The main components of a microgrid are DER such as solar
energy or wind turbines, energy storage in the form of
batteries, and an intelligent controller that manages the
energy resources and batteries with a high degree of
sophistication.

• A microgrid controller is the brain of the entire system. The

controller manages the various components to meet a
customer’s energy goals effectively.

• Whether it is to cut demand costs or have electric reliability,

intelligent software makes optimal decisions in using energy
from the grid or to store in batteries.
 Types of Microgrid:
(grid-connected, remote, and networked)
Grid-Connected Microgrids
• They have a physical connection to the utility grid via a switching
mechanism and can disconnect into island mode and reconnect back to the
main grid as needed.
• Grid-connected microgrids that are effectively integrated with the utility
service provider can provide grid services and help address potential
capacity, demand response, reliability, and voltage regulation on the utility
grid.
• Grid-connected microgrids have gained immense popularity at hospitals,
fire stations, and universities.
• With controllers tracking real-time utility prices and leveraging this
variability, microgrids can consistently provide lower energy costs.
Remote Microgrids
• Remote microgrids, also called off-grid microgrids, are
isolated from the utility grid and always operate in
island mode due to the lack of affordable and available
transmission or distribution infrastructure nearby.

• These systems are best suited for powering operations

in distant and hard-to-reach geographic
locations. Customers have 100% electric reliability and
interdependence from the central grid.
Networked Microgrids
• Networked microgrids are composed of several
separate DERs connected to the same utility grid
circuit segment and serve a wide geographic area.
• These systems are typically managed and optimized
by a control system to operate and coordinate each
grid-connected or island mode at different tiers of
hierarchy along the utility grid circuit segment.
• Networked microgrids are deployed for community
microgrids and smart cities.
Microgrid Legacy
Legacy Bulk Electrical System Microgrid

That Was Then… …This is Now

▪ Roadmap to
evolving to
the dynamic
microgrid.
 Traditional Grid Traversing towards
Microgrids

Traditional Grid

Microgrid
Microgrids - Objectives
▪ Improves the resilience of the nation’s electric distribution infrastructure
▪ Operates in and seamless transition between “islanded” and “grid
parallel” modes
▪ Provides interconnection and interoperability for smart grids
▪ Provides cybersecurity for performance and data
▪ Supports power quality enhancements for connected loads
▪ Provides two-way communications (frequency, verification, data latency)
▪ Provides data management and system predictions
▪ Provides Volt/VAR/frequency controls and support for interconnectivity
and island
▪ Enables dynamic local feeder reconfiguration
▪ Improves reliability for critical loads
▪ Provides outage management (i.e., number, duration, and extent)
▪ Balances distributed and central control
▪ Enables price-driven demand response
▪ Reduces peak loads for the interconnected grid
▪ Integrates with intermittent and variable output renewables
▪ Defers generation, transmission, and distribution investments
 How Does A Microgrid Work?
▪ The traditional grid connects homes, businesses and other
buildings to central power sources.
▪ when part of the grid needs to be repaired, everyone is affected.
▪ Microgrid generally operates while connected to the grid, but
importantly, it can break off and operate on its own using local
energy generation in times of crisis like storms or power
outages, or for other reasons.
▪ Microgrids fueled by:
▪ Distributed generators
▪ Batteries
▪ Renewable resources
 Why Would A Community Choose To
Connect To Microgrids?
▪ It provides backup for the grid in case of emergencies.
▪ It can be used to cut costs.
▪ Allows communities to be more energy independent.
▪ It can be connected to a local resource that is too small or
unreliable for traditional grid use
 How Much Can A Microgrid Power?

▪ A microgrid can power a single facility

For example, Santa Rita Jail microgrid in Dublin,
California.
▪ Microgrid can power a larger area
For example, in Fort Collins, Colorado.
▪ microgrid is part of a larger goal to create an entire district that
produces the same amount of energy it consumes.
Benefits Obtained from Microgrid
▪ Utilities
▪ Better power control and reliability
▪ Reduced energy losses
▪ Dynamic demand response
▪ Realistic pricing model
▪ Increased demand response capability
▪ Customers
▪ Choices of differentiated services
▪ Reduced prices
▪ Improved reliability
▪ Society
▪ Integration of green energy sources Solar, Wind, Biomass,
Geothermal
Microgrids - Value Proposition
▪ Efficiency
– Reduce fuel consumption
– Supply close to demand minimize distribution losses
– Combined electricity and heat generation
▪ Reliability
– Optimally manage on-site energy resources 24/7
– Power quality and reliability at the local level
▪ Energy Security
– Ensure energy supply for critical loads utilizing on-site generation
– Grid independence capability
▪ Economic Savings
– Peak saving/load shifting and supply management with demand response
– Enables hedging against energy cost fluctuation
– Reduction of cost of electricity with on-site generation and effective energy
management
▪ Sustainability
– Reduction of carbon footprint by integration cleaner fuel resources.
 Microgrid - Applications
▪ Microgrid candidates
– Institutional/campus sites-
hospital, university
– Commercial/industrial facilities
– Remote “off grid” communities
– Military bases
– Data centers
– Municipalities
▪ Microgrid can vary in size (MW)
– Generation resources types
– Storage
– Advanced controls
▪ The investment can be
significant and ROI take years
(a) Microgrid as a LV grid
(b) Microgrid as a LV feeder

(c) Microgrid as a LV house

What is not a microgrid?
Sample cases
 Sendai Japanese Microgrid Projects:
▪ New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
(NEDO) is Japan’s largest public R&D management organization for
promoting the development of advanced industrial, environmental, new
energy and energy conservation technologies.
Kyotango Microgrid Project
▪ A “virtual Microgrid”
as connected to a
utility grid.
▪ This concept is very
useful in the area
where grid system is
fully deregulated.
▪ Gas engines with a
total capacity of
400kW.
▪ MCFC of 250kW and
a lead-acid battery
100kW.
▪ In remote locations,
two PV systems and a
50kW wind turbine
were installed.
 Microgrid Projects in China

Stand-Alone Microgrid at Nanji Island

▪ Total investment of ¥150 million.

▪ 10 sets of 100 kW wind generators.
▪ 545 kW of PV.
▪ 30 kW of marine power generation.
▪ 300 kW of storage batteries.
▪ A 1600 kW standby diesel generator.
Microgrids at Sino-Singapore Eco-city in Tianjin
(for Industrial, Commercial and Residential
Areas) ▪ Distributed energy
resources of 6kW of wind
power and 30kW of PVs.
▪ Energy storage of four
15kW battery banks.
▪ 15kW lighting and electric
car charging pile loads to
form a low-voltage AC.
▪ Microgrid total installed
capacity is expected reach
175MW.
▪ Annual generation capacity
about 390 million kWh to
meet the electricity demand
of about 130 000 families.
 Microgrid Projects in India
▪ Sixty three Solar Micro
Grids Installed in India So
Far.
▪ India now has the world’s
largest solar array at
Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu.
▪ As of mid-2018, India scaled
up its renewable energy
goals from 175 GW to 227
GW over the next four years,
with about 40 GW of that
goal representing rooftop
solar.

world’s largest solar array at Kamuthi, Tamil Nadu

▪ One of the most important energy access programs in India is “24×7 Power to
All,” an intensive effort to improve energy access to individual households
through home solar kits.
▪ The $4.4 billion SAUBHAGYA (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana),
or solar lighting, program, launched in 2017, is delivering low-cost or free home
solar kits to many rural households.

Electricity distribution lines in an Indian village

▪ India also has a village electrification program called DDUGJY (Deen
Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana), which was launched in 2014 to
drive improvements to the electric grid in rural areas.
▪ Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA) has
installed and operated more than 500 solar microgrids.
▪ Husk Power has built over 75 microgrids in India and Africa connecting
15,000 homes and businesses.

Solar lighting is just the beginning

India’s first industrial solar microgrid
commissioned in Gujarat
▪ Swedish-Swiss
multinational
giant ABB today
announced it has
commissioned
India’s first
industrial solar
microgrid at its
Vadodara
manufacturing
facility in Gujarat
TOPOLOGIES OF
MICROGRID
Conventional Microgrid Topologies
 Problems In Conventional Microgrid
Topology and Operation
▪ Diesel Generator Set
▪ Fuel Consumption of diesel engine depends upon shaft speed rather than
loading.
▪ Conventional system has speed governor for frequency regulation
▪ Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (WRSG) is used with AVR –
maintenance issue
▪ DFIG is equipped with two converters – complex control and maintenance
issue.
▪ WRSG is operated at constant speed to maintain frequency, so fuel
consumption is almost same at all loads.
▪ DFIG operates at variable speed, fuel can be saved but the control is complex
and again maintenance issue.
Problems in Conventional Microgrid
Topology and Operation
▪ Wind Energy Conversion System
▪ DFIG – Complex control and maintenance issue
▪ PMSG requires full rating back to back converter for MPPT – Cost
incurred
▪ MPPT algorithm requires mechanical sensor like wind speed or shaft
speed
▪ Solar Energy Conversion System
▪ Connected to AC bus via boost converter and Voltage Source Converter
(VSC)
▪ Battery Energy Storage System
▪ Connected to AC bus via battery charge controller and a VSC.
 Conventional Microgrid Topology

▪ All sources are connected to the AC side – Synchronization issue

▪ Who will regulate voltage and frequency? Droops may be used in the
system, but the tuning is again a problem. With high R/X ratio, the
conventional droops are unstable. Also droops lead to de-rating of the free
sources.
▪ Many inverter based system are there which reduces the fault current level
and causes problem in protection system
Conventional Microgrid Topology
Conventional Small Hydro based Generation System
▪ Self Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) are invariably used for small hydro
system
▪ As turbine is uncontrolled and SEIG has poor voltage and frequency
regulation characteristic, the voltage and frequency has to be regulated firmly
using external means.
▪ Mostly electronic load controllers are proposed for the frequency regulation in
the small hydro system as the BESS is a very costly option.
▪ But for the integrated system, the cost of the BESS can be justified.
 Motivation for Improvement
Brushless Voltage Frequency
Generator Regulation and Power
(SyRG) Quality Improvement
Constant Speed using One VSC
Constant Frequency
Operation

Variable Speed
Constant Frequency
Operation

Integration at
DC Side of the
Variable Speed
Constant Frequency VSC
Operation
Proposed Microgrid
Topologies
Topologies based on fixed speed DG and variable
speed WT coupled to PMBLDC
AC Bus AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr DE PMSG Tr

Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
D um p Load
Load PM Exciter AVR
PM BLDC (b)
BLDC ac− dc AC Bus
(a)
Wind
Wind Turbine DE SG Tr
Turbine
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
PM
BLDC (e)
AC Bus
AC Bus
PM Wind
DE BLDC Tr Turbine
DE SyRG Tr Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
D um p PM
Load BLDC (d)
PM
BLDC (c) Wind
Turbine
Wind
Turbine
 Topologies based on fixed speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to DFIG
AC Bus AC Bus
DE SCIG DE PMSG

dc - ac Loads dc - ac Loads
ac− dc ac− dc
Exciter AVR

AC Bus
Tr D um p Tr D um p DE SG
Load Load Loads
DFIG DFIG ac− dc
dc - ac
(a) (b)
Wind Wind
Turbine Turbine

Tr D um p
Load
DFIG
(e)

AC Bus Wind
PM Turbine
AC Bus DE BLDC
DE SyRG
dc - ac Loads
dc - ac Loads ac− dc
ac− dc

Tr D um p
Tr D um p Load
Load DFIG
DFIG (d)
(c)
Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
Topologies based on fixed speed DG and variable
speed WT coupled to PMSG
AC Bus AC Bus
DE SCIG DE PMSG

dc - ac Loads Loads
ac− dc ac− dc dc - ac

Exciter AVR
Tr D um p Tr D um p
Load Load
PMSG PMSG AC Bus
(a) (b) DE SG
Wind Wind Loads
Turbine Turbine ac− dc dc - ac

Tr D um p
Load
PMSG
PM AC Bus (e)
AC Bus DE BLDC Wind
DE SyRG
Loads Turbine
Loads ac− dc dc - ac
ac− dc dc - ac

Tr D um p
Tr D um p Load
Load PMSG
PMSG (d)
(c)
Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
Topologies based on fixed speed DG and variable
speed WT coupled to SyRG
AC Bus AC Bus
DE SCIG DE PMSG
Loads Loads
ac− dc dc - ac ac− dc dc - ac

Exciter AVR
Tr D um p Tr D um p
Load Load AC Bus
SyRG SyRG
(a) (b) DE SG
Loads
Wind ac− dc dc - ac
Wind
Turbine Turbine

Tr D um p
Load
SyRG
(e)
Wind
AC Bus AC Bus Turbine
SyRG PM
DE DE BLDC
Loads Loads
ac− dc dc - ac
ac− dc dc - ac

Tr D um p
Load Tr D um p
SyRG Load
(c) SyRG
(d)
Wind
Turbine Wind
Turbine
 Topologies based on fixed speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to SCIG
AC Bus AC Bus
DE SCIG DE PMSG
Loads Loads
ac− dc dc - ac ac− dc dc - ac

Tr D um p Tr D um p Exciter
Load Load AVR
SCIG SCIG
(a) (b) AC Bus
DE SG
Wind Wind
Turbine Turbine Loads
ac− dc dc - ac

Tr D um p
Load
PM AC Bus SCIG
(e)
DE BLDC
Wind
AC Bus Loads Turbine
DE SyRG ac− dc dc - ac

dc - ac Loads
ac− dc

Tr D um p
Load
Tr D um p SCIG
Load (d)
DFIG
(c) Wind
Turbine
Wind
Turbine
 Topologies based on fixed speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to SG
AC Bus AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr DE PMSG Tr
Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac dc−ac
ac−dc

Exciter AVR
D um p AC Bus
AVR D um p
Load
Exciter

AVR
Load

Exciter
SG (a)
SG
DE SG Tr
(b)
Wind Loads
Turbine ac−dc dc−ac
Wind
Turbine

AVR D um p
Load

Exciter
SG (e)
AC Bus
Wind
Turbine
AC Bus PM
DE BLDC Tr
DE SyRG Tr Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

AVR D um p
Load
Exciter

AVR D um p
Load SG
Exciter

(d)
SG (c)
Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to DFIG
ac− dc AC Bus
ac− dc AC Bus

DE SCIG
DE PMSG Tr
Tr
Loads
Loads ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p Exciter
D um p Load AVR
Load ac− dc AC Bus
DFIG (b)
DFIG (a)
Wind
DE SG Tr
Wind Turbine Loads
Turbine ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
ac− dc AC Bus DFIG (e)

ac− dc AC Bus PM
DE BLDC Tr Wind
Turbine

DE SyRG Loads
Tr ac−dc dc−ac
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
D um p DFIG
(d)
Load
DFIG (c) Wind
Turbine
Wind
Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to PMBLDC
ac− dc AC Bus ac− dc AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr DE PMSG Tr
Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac ac−dc dc−ac

D um p Exciter AVR
D um p Load
Load PM ac− dc AC Bus
PM BLDC (b)
BLDC (a)

Wind
DE SG Tr
Wind Turbine
Turbine Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
PM
BLDC (e)

AC Bus Wind
ac− dc Turbine
ac− dc AC Bus

DE PM
BLDC Tr
DE SyRG Tr
Loads
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p D um p
Load Load
PM PM
BLDC (c) BLDC (d)

Wind Wind
Turbine Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to SyRG
AC Bus AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr DE PMSG Tr

Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
D um p Load Exciter AVR
Load SyRG (b) ac− dc AC Bus
SyRG (a)
Wind
Wind Turbine DE SG Tr
Turbine Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
SyRG (e)

AC Bus Wind
AC Bus Turbine

DE SyRG Tr DE PM
BLDC Tr
Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac ac−dc dc−ac

D um p D um p
Load Load
SyRG SyRG (d)
(c)

Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to SCIG
ac− dc AC Bus ac− dc AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr
DE PMSG Tr
Loads
Loads ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

Exciter AVR
ac− dc AC Bus
D um p
D um p Load
Load SCIG (b)
DE SG Tr
SCIG (a) Loads
Wind ac−dc dc−ac
Turbine
Wind
Turbine

D um p
Load
SCIG (e)
ac− dc AC Bus
Wind
ac− dc AC Bus Turbine
DE PM
BLDC Tr
DE SyRG Tr Loads
Loads ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
Load
D um p
Load SCIG (c)
SCIG (c)
Wind
Turbine
Wind
Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to PMSG
ac− dc AC Bus ac− dc AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr DE PMSG Tr

Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

Exciter AVR
D um p ac− dc AC Bus
D um p Load
Load PMSG (b)
PMSG DE SG Tr
(a)
Wind Loads
Turbine ac−dc dc−ac
Wind
Turbine

D um p
Load
PMSG (e)

ac− dc AC Bus
Wind
Turbine
ac− dc AC Bus
PM
DE BLDC Tr
DE SyRG Tr Loads
ac−dc dc−ac
Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

D um p
D um p Load
Load PMSG
PMSG (d)
(c)
Wind
Wind
Turbine Turbine
 Topologies based on variable speed DG and
variable speed WT coupled to SG
ac− dc AC Bus
ac− dc AC Bus

DE SCIG Tr
DE PMSG Tr

Loads Loads
ac−dc dc−ac ac−dc dc−ac

D um p AVR D um p Exciter AVR

AVR Load
Load

Exciter
AC Bus
Exciter

ac− dc
SG (a) SG (b)
DE SG Tr
Wind Wind
Turbine Turbine Loads
ac−dc dc−ac

AVR D um p
Load

Exciter
SG (e)
ac− dc AC Bus
ac− dc AC Bus Wind
PM Turbine
DE BLDC Tr
DE SyRG Tr Loads
Loads ac−dc dc−ac
ac−dc dc−ac

AVR D um p
D um p Load
Exciter

AVR
Load
Exciter

SG (d)
SG (C)

Wind
Wind Turbine
Turbine
Topologies based on variable speed DG connected to
the DFIG and variable speed WT
ac− dc AC Bus ac− dc AC Bus
ac− dc AC Bus

DE DFIG DE DFIG
DE DFIG Loads
Loads
Loads ac−dc dc− ac ac−dc dc− ac
ac−dc dc−ac

Tr Tr
Tr D um p D um p
D um p Load Load
Load SCIG PMSG
(b)
DFIG
(a) (c)
Wind Wind
Wind Turbine Turbine
Turbine

ac− dc AC Bus
ac− dc AC Bus ac− dc AC Bus
DE DFIG
DE DFIG DE DFIG
Loads
Loads Loads ac−dc dc− ac
ac−dc dc− ac ac−dc dc− ac

Tr
Tr Tr D um p
AVR
D um p D um p Load

Exciter
Load Load
PM SG
SyRG
(d) BLDC (f)
(e)
Wind
Wind Wind Turbine
Turbine Turbine
 Standalone Microgrid Topologies
▪ DFIG Wind +Battery Standalone Microgrid.
▪ PMSG Wind +2-Stage Solar + Battery Standalone Microgrid.
▪ SEIG Hydro + PMBLCG Wind + Battery Standalone Microgrid.
▪ SyRG Hydro + 2-Stage Solar + Battery Bidirectional Standalone
Microgrid.
▪ SCIG Hydro + 2-Stage Solar + Battery Bidirectional + Dynamic
Load Standalone Microgrid.
▪ SG Diesel + 2-Stage Solar+ Battery Standalone Microgrid.
▪ SyRG Diesel + PMBLCG Wind + Battery Standalone Microgrid.
▪ DFIG Wind + 1-Stage Solar +DG +Battery Standalone Microgrid.
 Doubly Fed Induction Generator Based Wind
Energy Conversion System in Standalone Mode
Linear/
Nonlinear
Loads

isa iLabc iLn

isb vsab vsca
DFIG
isc vsbc PCC
RC
Gear filter

irabc RSC BES LSC Lfabc

+ Vb +
-
Cdc - Vdc
Wind
turbine 3-phase
transformer (Δ/Ү )
S. Puchalapalli and B. Singh, “A single input variable FLC for DFIG based
WPGS in standalone mode,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, Early Access
The expression for the torque is written as,

The reference speed from MPPT and actual speed, are compared and then the speed
error is applied to PIC of speed PIC(ω) and also to the novel single variable tuned FLC
block.
• The PIC is used to track the reference speed for the rotor of DFIG.
Input membership function
The tuned proportional and integral gains, are applied to PIC of
speed to generate reference q component of rotor i*qr

The d component of rotor reference current is as,

These reference dq components are transformed in to abc

coordinates through inverse Park transformation by means of angle
of transformation θsp
The fuzzy rules are similar to the RSC subsection
The tuned Kpv and Kiv are given to the FLC, which produces i*ds as,

The active reference part of stator current i*qs is related with the iqr
as follows.

The reference stator currents i*sa, i*sb, and i*sc are brought in
comparison to sensed stator winding currents isa, isb and isc, then the
current error is applied to the hysteresis band current control, which
produces pulses for IGBT devices within the LSC.
 Experimental System Parameters:

Wound rotor induction machine Wind turbine

Parameter Value Parameter Value Parameter Value
Rating 5 kVA Lls 6.832 mH r 2.08 m
Voltage 400 V Rr 1.708 Ω η 4.36
λ* 8.1
Poles 4 Llr 6.832 mH
Cp 0.48
Rs 1.32 Ω Lm 219 mH
Rated wind
fs 50 Hz Inertia 0.1878 kg-m2 12 m/s
speed
Stator
12 A Rotor current 18 A ωrmin 110 rad/s
current
ωrmax 204 rad/s
Rotor Connection of
200 V Y
voltage stator & rotor
 Experimental System Parameters:

DC machine Battery energy storage (BES)

Parameter Value Parameter Value Parameter Value
Rating 5 kW Eb 240 V Ebmax 270 V
Va 230 V Ebmin 210 V kWh 5
Ia 21.8 A 40 units of 12 V, 7 AH batteries
Vf 230 V
Rated speed 1500 rpm
Ra 1.3 Ω
Rf 220 Ω
La 7.2 mH
Lf 7.5 mH
Kϕ 1.3314
System Steady State Performance at Nonlinear
Load

V-I waveforms V-I waveforms V-I waveforms of LSC Stator power Load power
of stator of load

LSC power Harmonic spectrum Harmonic spectrum Harmonic Harmonic spectrum

of load current of stator current spectrum of LSC of PCC voltage
current
Observations
• The stator voltages and currents are sinusoidal and balanced
even under presence of nonlinear and unbalanced load
conditions
• The extraction of maximum power from the variable wind
speed is effectively achieved under low and wide span of
wind speed variation
• The terminal voltage and frequency of the DFIG based
WPGS, are maintained constant irrespective of wind speed
variations
• The THDs of stator currents-voltages have been achieved
within the limits of the IEEE-519 standard
Thank You