Geometry in Architecture
Name: [Your Name]
Class: 10
Roll No.: [Your Roll Number]
School Name: [Your School]
Academic Year: 2025
1. Introduction
Architecture, both ancient and modern, relies heavily on geometry. Geometry enables
architects to design stable structures, optimize space, and bring visual harmony. The Taj
Mahal, Eiffel Tower, and Greek temples all showcase this connection.
2. Objective
This project explores how geometry plays a crucial role in architectural designs. It
identifies geometric principles in iconic buildings and explains how these concepts help
in structural integrity, space utilization, and aesthetics.
3. Mathematical Concepts in Architecture
Key Concepts:
• Symmetry – balance in design
• Proportion – scaling of parts
• Angles – especially right and acute angles for strength
• Polygons – triangles, squares, and hexagons for patterns
• Solid Geometry – cylinders, cones, and spheres in domes and towers
Important Formulas:
• Area of Triangle = ½ × base × height
• Volume of Cylinder = π × r² × h
• Pythagoras Theorem = a² + b² = c²
4. Use of AI Tools
AI tools made research and diagram creation easier:
• ChatGPT – Helped explore how geometry is applied in buildings.
• GeoGebra – Used to draw shapes and simulate 3D geometry.
• Desmos – Graphed symmetry and proportions in structures.
• Excel – Created data tables for dimensions and ratios.
Tasks Done Using AI:
• Concept research
• Graph and shape creation
• Summarizing key geometric features in designs
5. Real-Life Application in Architecture
1. **Taj Mahal (India):** Uses reflective symmetry and domes with circular geometry.
2. **Eiffel Tower (France):** Triangular frameworks for strength and wind resistance.
3. **Sydney Opera House (Australia):** Composed of geometric shells (spherical
triangles).
4. **The Parthenon (Greece):** Rectangles and Golden Ratio used in design.
Geometry ensures strength, stability, and aesthetic balance in architectural structures.
6. Calculations, Graphs & Diagrams
Example: Volume of a Dome (Hemisphere)
Formula: Volume = (2/3)πr³
Let r = 7 meters
Volume = (2/3) × π × 343 ≈ 718.4 cubic meters
Graphs and Diagrams created using GeoGebra and Desmos include:
• A dome structure
• A floor plan with rectangular and circular sections
• A triangle-based truss
7. Conclusion
Geometry is not just a subject in math but a vital tool in architectural design. This project
enhanced my understanding of how buildings are designed using principles of shape,
proportion, and symmetry.
Architects use geometry to ensure that buildings are not only beautiful but also strong and
functional.
8. References / Tools Used
• ChatGPT (OpenAI) – Concept explanation
• GeoGebra – Diagrams and simulations
• Desmos – Graphs and transformations
• MS Excel – Data and calculations
• Wikipedia – Real-life architecture examples
• NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook
