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Data Visualization Unit1

The document covers the foundations of data visualization, emphasizing the importance of visual perception and how it aids in designing effective charts. It discusses key concepts such as preattentive attributes, Gestalt principles, and the challenges of information overload, along with solutions for effective visual representation. Additionally, it outlines the visualization reference model, visual mapping, visual analytics, and key design principles for creating visualization applications.

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deepa yaganti
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62 views4 pages

Data Visualization Unit1

The document covers the foundations of data visualization, emphasizing the importance of visual perception and how it aids in designing effective charts. It discusses key concepts such as preattentive attributes, Gestalt principles, and the challenges of information overload, along with solutions for effective visual representation. Additionally, it outlines the visualization reference model, visual mapping, visual analytics, and key design principles for creating visualization applications.

Uploaded by

deepa yaganti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT – I: FOUNDATIONS OF DATA

VISUALIZATION
1. Introduction to Visual Perception
Visual perception is how humans interpret visual information from their surroundings. In
data visualization, understanding human perception helps in designing charts that are
quickly and accurately interpreted.

Key Concepts:
- Preattentive Attributes: Visual features detected instantly by the human brain without
conscious effort (Color, Shape, Size, Orientation).
Importance: Helps highlight important information and improves interpretation speed.

2. Visual Representation of Data


Transforming raw data into visual formats (charts, graphs, maps) to reveal patterns and
insights.
Types of Data: Categorical, Numerical, Temporal, Spatial.
Common Representations: Bar charts, Line charts, Scatter plots.
3. Gestalt Principles
Gestalt principles explain how humans perceive patterns:
1. Proximity – close objects grouped together
2. Similarity – similar objects seen as related
3. Continuity – eye follows smooth paths
4. Closure – mind fills missing parts
5. Figure-Ground – distinguish object from background

4. Information Overload
Occurs when too much data is presented, making interpretation difficult.
Causes: Overcrowded charts, unnecessary decoration.
Solutions: Filtering, Aggregation, Focus+Context.

5. Creating Visual Representations


Visual encoding maps data attributes to visual variables:
- Position, Length/Size, Color, Shape
Choosing the right chart ensures clarity and accuracy.
6. Visualization Reference Model
Stages: Data → Transformation → Mapping → View → Interaction
This pipeline explains how raw data becomes interactive visualization.

7. Visual Mapping
Assigning data variables to visual variables (e.g., sales → bar height, region → color).

8. Visual Analytics
Combines automated data analysis with interactive visualization.
Examples: Business dashboards, anomaly detection, scientific exploration.
9. Design of Visualization Applications
Key Principles:
- Clarity: Avoid clutter
- Consistency: Uniform colors/fonts
- Interactivity: Filtering, zooming
- Relevance: Focus on user needs
Tools: Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Tableau, Power BI.

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