1 Data

3
Capacity of tank 1000 m
Height of supporting tower 16 m
Number of column 8
Depth of Foundation 1 m below the ground level

2 Permissible stresses

M-20 grade concrete and Fe - 415 grade for steel, for calculation
relating to resistance to cracking (IS : 3370 )

For M-20 grade of concrete and Fe-415 grade of steel

σ ct 1.2 N/mm 2
σ cb 1.7 N/mm 2
σ st 150 N/mm 2

For strength calculations the stresses in concrete

σ cc 5 N/mm 2
σ cb 7 N/mm 2
m 13
Q 0.879
j 0.906

3 Dimensions of tank
D inside dia of tank
Asummig the average depth 0.75D

Height of cylinderical portion of tank 8 m

Depth of conical dome 2 m
Diameter of supporting tower 8 m
Spacing of bracing 4 m

4 Design of top dome

ThickNess of dome slab t 100 mm

Live load on dome 1.5 kN/m2
Self weight of dome 2.4 kN/m2
Live load 1.5
Finishes 0.1
Total load w 4 kN/m2

R Radius of top dome

Diameter at base D 12 m
Central rise r 2 m
R 10 m
cos θ 0.8
o
θ 36 56'
Meridional thrust T1 22.22 kN/m
Circumferential force 31.44 kN/m
Meridional stress 0.22 N/mm 2 < 5 N/mm
2

Hoop stress 0.1 N/mm 2 < 5 N/mm 2

The stresses are within safe limits.
Providing nominal reinforcement of 0.3%
2
A st 300 mm

Provide 8 mm Ф at 160 mm centres both cicumferentially and meriodionally

 5 Design of top ring beam

Hoop tension Ft 106.656 kN

2
A st 710.66667 mm

Ф ( A st = 904 mm 2 )
mm Ф
Provide 8 bars of 12 mm

2
Cross sectional area of ring beam Ac 77081.333 mm

Provide 300 mm by 300 size top beam, with 8 bars of 12 mm Ф

as main reinforcement and 6 mm Ф stirrups at 200 mm Cemtres.

6 Design of cylindrical tank wall

Maximum hoop tension at base of wall Ft 480 kN/m

2
A st 2733.33 mm /m height

2
Provide 20 mm Ф at 180 mm centres on each face ( Ast ( A st = 3492 mm )
2
Steel are required at 2 m below top A st 683.33333 mm

Provide 10 mm Фat 180 mm centres on each face :

2
ThickNess of side wall at bottom t 425524.8 425.525 mm

Adopt 400 mm thick walls at bottom gradually reducing to 200 mm at top

Distribution steel

2
At bottom, A st 800 mm

Provide 10 mm Ф at 10 mm centres on both faces.

2
At top A st 600 mm

Provide 10 Ф at 250 mm centres on both faces.

The details of reinforcements provuded in the cylindrical tank walls at different heights

Distance Main hoop steel (each face) Vertical distribution steel

from Top mm c/c mm c/c
0-2 m 10 to 180 10 to 250
2-4 m 16 to 200 10 to 250
4-8 m 20 to 180 10 to 180
 7 Design of bottom ring beam

Load on ring beam

(a) Load due to top dome 13.3 kN/m

(b) Load due to top ring beam 2.16 kN/m
(C) Load due to cylinderical wall 57.6 kN/m
(d) Self weight of ring beam (assuming a section 1.2 m by 0.6 m ) 17.28 kN/m

Total Vertical Loads V1 91 kN/m

Horizontal force H 91 kN
Hoop tension due to vertical loads Hg 121.33 kN
Hoop tension due to water pressure Hw 288 kN
Total hoop tension 409.33 kN

2
A st 5560 mm
2
Provide 18 bars of 20 mm ( A st = 5560 mm )

2
Maximum Tensile Stress : 1.052658 N/mm < 1.2 N/mm 2

Provide a ring beam of 1200 mm wide by 600 mm deep with 18 bars of 20 mm Ф and .
distribution bars of 10 mm Ф from cylindrical wall taken round
the main bars as stirrups at 180 mm centres

8 Design of coical dome

Average diameter of conical dome 10 m

Average depth of water 9 m

Weight of water above conical dome 5652 kN

Assuming thick slab 600 mm
Self weight of slab 1280 kN

Load from top dome, top ring beam, cylindrical wall and bottom ring beam
W 3428.88 kN
Total load at conical slab 0 kN
Load/unit lenth V 2 412.61943 kN/m
2
Meridional thrust 0.9733333 N/mm < 5 N/mm2(safe)

Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at the top of the conical dome
slab since diameter D is maximum at this section.
Water pressure p 80 kN/m2
2
Weight of conical dome slab per m q 14.4 kN/m2
θ 45°
D 12 m
H 765 kN
2
Ast 5100 mm
Provide 25 mm υ at 180 mm centres Ast 5470 mm2
on both side of slab
2
Distributio of steel 1200 mm

Provide 10 mm υ at 130 mm centres on both faces along the meridions

2
Max. tensile stress 0.877268 N/mm <1.2 N/mm 2 (safe)
9 Design of bottom spherical dome

ThickNess of dome slab assumed 0.3 m

Diameter of base D 8 m
Central rise r 1.6 m
if R=radius of the dome R 5.8 m

self weight of dome slab 420 kN

3
Volume of the water above the dome 460 mm

weight of water 4600.6 kN

total load on dome 5020 kN
load per unit area w 100 kN/m2

meridional thrust T1 336 kN/m

cosϴ 0.725

2
Meridional stress 1.12 N/mm
Circumferential force 83.96 kN/m
2
Hoop stress 0.28 N/mm

Provide nominal reinforcement of 0.3%

2
A st 900 mm

Provide 12 mm at 120mm centres circumferencially and along the meridions

10 Design of bottom circular Girder

thrust from conical dome T1 413 kN/m

acting at an angle of α 45 to the horizontal
thrust from spherical dome T2 357 kN/m
acting at an angle of β 44.5 to the horizontal
net horizontal force on ring beam 37.5 kN/m
hoop compression in the beam 152 kN

assuming the size of the ring girder at 600 mm wide by 1200 mm deep

2
hoop stress 0.21 N/mm
vertical load on ring beam 528.10 kN/m
self weight of beam 17.28 kN/m

total load 545.38 kN/m

Total Design load on the ring girder W 14074 kN

The circular girder is support on 8 column

maximum negative B.M. at support section 467 kN.m

maximum positive B.M. at support section 231 kN.m

Torsional moment 34 kN.m

shear force at support section V 880 kN

shear force a tsection of maximum torsion is (at an angle of 9.5 o from column support
V` 521 kN
 Design of support section

d 932 mm
adopt effective depth d' 1150 mm
2
A st 3008 mm
provide 6 bars of 25mm υ (A st =2946mm 2 )

2
Ԏv 1.28 N/mm
100*A st /bd 0.44

since Ԏc < Ԏv , shear reinforcement are requred.

shear taken by concrete 186 kN

Balance shear 694 kN

Using 12mm υ - 4 legged stirrups , spacing is--

Sv 112 mm

adopt 12 mm υ - 4 legged stirrups at 110 mm centers near supports.

Design of mid span of section

maximum positive moment M 231 kN-m
2
A st 1488 mm
2
but minimum area of steel in the section is : 2160 mm

provide 5 bars of 25 mm at mid span section . Stirrups 10mm 4 legged at 300mm centres.

Design of section subjected to maximum torsion:

T 34 kN.m D 1200 mm
V 521 kN b 600 mm
M 0 d 1150 mm

Mt 60 kN.m
M e1 60 kN.m
2
A st 386 mm

2
But minimum area of tension steel is: A st 2160 mm
2
Provide 5 bars of 25mm υ A st 2453.13 mm

Equivalent shear force Ve 612 kN

Ԏ ve 0.89 N/mm
2

100*A st /bd 0.36

Since Ԏ c >Ԏ v , shear reinforcements are required.

using 12mm υ 4- ligged stirrups with side cover of 25mm

and top and bottom covers 50mm
spacing is -- Sv 127 mm

adopt 12mm υ – 4- legged stirrups at 180mm centres.

11 Design of coulmn of supporting tower

The supporting tower comprises of 8 m coulmn equally spaced on a circle of 8 m dia.

(a) Vertical load on each column 1759.25 kN

(b) Self weight of column of height 16 m
(c) Diameter 650 mm
(d) Self weight of bracing(3 number of 4 m interval,
size of bracing is 500 mm*500mm) 7.065 kN
Total vertical load on each coulmn 1944 kN

Wind force on colmn

Intensity of wind pressure 1.5 kN/m2
Reduction cofficient for circular shapes 0.7

(a) Wind force on conical dome 21 kN

(b) Wind force on bottom ring beam 10.08 kN
(c) Wind force on five column 54.6 kN
(d) Wind force on bracing 18 kN
(e) Wind force on top dome and cylindrical wall 113.4 kN

Total horizontal wind force 217.08 kN

Asumming contraflexure points at mid height of column and

fixity at the base due to raft FDN, the moment at the base of column is computed as;
M 438 kN.m

Moment at the base of the column due to wind load M1 3299 kN.m
Reactions devloped at the base of exterior column
M1 353.625 kN

Total load on Leeward column at base 2297.625 kN

Moment in each column at base 54.75 kN.m

Design ultimate moment in each column Mu 82.5 kN.m

Design ultimate axial load Pu 3446.4375 kN
Compute the parameters 0.4078624

For circular column with compression and bending and 8 longitudinal bars
and the ratio (d'/D) 0.1
The corresponding % reinforcement is: p 0.4 %

But minimum reinforcement in coulmn 0.8 %

2
Providing 1% reinforcement A sc 3316.625 mm

Provide 8 bars of 25 mm diameter (A sc = 3927 mm 2 )

Diameter of lateral ties not less than 6.25 mm

Adopt 8 mm diameter lateral ties

Pitch of lateral ties shall be the least of :

(i) Least lateral dimension 650 mm
(ii) (16*25) 400 mm
(iii) 300 mm

Hence adopt 8 mm diameter lateral ties at 300 mm centres.

 12 Design of bracings

Service moment in brace M 155.54 kN.m

Design ultimate moment Mu 234 kN.m

Section of brace 500 mm * 500 mm

b 500 mm
Effective depth d 400 mm

Limiting moment of resistance of the section is:

M u, lim 279.45 kN.m < Mu

Hence the section is under reinforced.

Compute the parameters: 2.31

Percentage reinforcement Pt 0.757

2
A st 1703.25 mm
2
Provide 4 bars of 25 mm diameter ( A st = 1964 mm ) both at top and
bottom since wind direction is reversible.
Length of brace L 6.112 m
Maximum service load shear force in brace is computed as:
V 101.96078 kN
Design ultimate shear force Vu 153 kN

2
τv 0.68 N/mm
τc 0.873
permissible shear stress as; τc 0.59 N/mm2
Since τ v > τ c Shear reinforcement are required.
Shear force carried by concrete 132.75 kN
Balance shear force 20.25 kN
Using 10 mm diameter two-legged stirrups, spacing is computed as:
S v 1283.533 mm

But S v not grater than 0.75 d or 300 mm ( whichever is less)

Sv 337.5 mm > 300 mm

Hence provide 10 mm diameter two-legged stirrups at 300 mm centres

13 Design of foundation

A circular girder with a raft slab is provided for the tower foundations.
Total load on foundation 15552 kN
Self weight of Foundation at 10 % 1555
Total load 17107 kN
Safe bearing capacity of soil at site 250 kN/m2

Area of foundation 68.428 m 2

Providing a raft slab with equal projection on either side of a cicular ring beam
Width of raft slab b 2.7229299 m

Adopth a raft slab having 5 m, inner diameter and 11 m outer diameter (b=3m)
 Design of circular girder of Raft slab

Total load on circular girder W 15552 kN

Load per metre run on girder 390666.24 kN/m

Maximum service long negative moment at support is : 516.326 kN.m

Design ultimate negative moment M u (-ve) 774 kN.m
Maximum service positive moment at mid span is : 255.053 kN.m
Design ultimate positive moment M u (+ve) 382.5 kN.m
Maximum service torional moment ( at 9.5° from either support )
is : 37.3248 kN.m

Design ultimate torisional momemt Tu 55.95 kN.m

Working shear force at support section is : V 971.516 kN
Design ultimate shear force at section section Vu 1458 kN
Working shear force at section of maximum torison V 561.851 kN
Design ultimate shear force 842.776 kN

The support section is designed for a maximum negative moment

Mu 774 kN.m
Shear force Vu 1458 kN
Assume width of girder section b 750 mm
Diameter of column D 650 mm
Effective depth d 611 mm

The depth required for shaer force is nearly 1.5 times that required for the moment
Hence adopt effective depth d 1000 mm
Effective cover 70 mm
Compute the parameter: 1.1932015

Percentage of reinforcemet pt 0.356

2
A st 2483.1 mm
2
Provide 6 bars of 25 mm diameter A st 2946 mm
2 2
τv 2.09032 N/m < τ c, max = 2.8 N/mm

τc 0.38 N/m
2

Since τ v > τ C , shear reinforcement are required.

Shear force resisted by concrete 265.05 kN

Balance shear force Vus 1192.95 kN

Using 12 mm diameter four-legged stirrups, spacing is computed as :

Sv 127.218 mm

Adopt 12 mm diameter stirrups at 120 mm centres.

Reinforcement required for mid span section to resist the bending moment
Mu 382.5 kN.m will be less than the minimum.

Hence provide minimum reinforcement computed as:

2
A st(min) 1428.61 mm

Provide 3 bars of 25 mm diameter at mid span section

section subjected to max. torisional moment ,shear should be designed for the moments:

Tu 56 kN.m D 1000 mm
Vu 843 kN b 750 mm
Mu 0 d 930 mm
Mt 76.8627 kN.m
M e1 76.8627 kN.m

The magnitute of moment being very small, provide minimum reinforcenet of:
2
A st(min) 1429 mm
2
Provide 3 bars of 25 mm diameter A st 1473 mm
Equivalent shear force is :
Ve 962.47 kN
τv 1.38 N/mm
2

0.211
Permissible shear stress : τc 0.28 N/mm
2

Since τ v > τ c , shear reinforcement are required

Balance shear 577.95 kN

using 12 mm diameter 4-legged stirrups at 190 mm centres.

Design of Raft slab

Maximum projection of raft slab from face to column 1.125 m

Soil pressure 6.48 kN/m2
Consider 1 m width of raft slab along the circular arc,
Maximum B.M 3.92 kN.m
Design ultimate B.M Mu 5.88 kN.m
Effective depth required is computed as: d 45.0466 mm
Provide an overall depth of 500 mm and effective depth,
d 450 mm to limit the shear stress within the permissible limits.
Compute 0.02904

Percentage of reinforcement as: pt 0.27

2
A st 1215 mm

Provide 25 mm diameter bars at 200 mm centres to reduce

the shear stress to be within safe permissible limits
2
A st 2454 mm
2
Distribution reinforcement 600 mm

Provide 12 mm diameter bars at 180mm centres.

Ultimate shear force at a section 450 mm from face of coulmn is computed as:
Vu 195 kN
2
τv 0.0446333 N/mm
0.5453333
2
Design shear strength of concrete τc 0.48 N/mm

Since τ v >τ c , no shear reinforcement are required.

The thickNess of footing is retained at 500 mm up to a distance of 500 mm

from the coulmn face and thaerafter gradually decreased to 350 mm at the edge.
The details of reinforcement in the various structural elements of
the Intze type tank are detailed.