The National Green Tribunal

Called as Dedicated Green Court, A quasi-judicial body, Established on 18.10.2010 under the
National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
NGT Act 2010 repealed
- The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
- The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997
Established for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection
and conservation of forests and other natural resources
It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes
involving multi-disciplinary issues.
The Tribunal may help in reducing the burden of litigation in the higher courts.
The Tribunal is mandated to try for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of
filing of the same.
New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai
shall be the other four place of sitting of the Tribunal.
 The National Green Tribunal
The Tribunal shall consist of--(a) a full time Chairperson; (b) not less than ten but subject to
maximum of twenty full time Judicial Members as the Central Government may, from time to
time, notify; (c) not less than ten but subject to maximum of twenty full time Expert Members, as
the Central Government may, from time to time, notify.
The decision of the Tribunal by majority of Members shall be binding
Any person aggrieved by any award, decision or order of the Tribunal, may, file an appeal to the
Supreme Court, within ninety days from the date of communication of the award, decision or
order of the Tribunal, to him.
 The National Green Tribunal
NGT Act gives the Tribunal power to regulate its own procedure.
The Tribunal is not bound by procedure under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 or the Indian
Evidence Act, 1872 and is guided by principles of natural justice.
The Tribunal shall, while passing any order or decision or award, apply the principles of
sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle.
The Tribunal is vested with the powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure for
discharging its functions.
The Tribunal shall have the jurisdiction over all civil cases where a substantial question relating to
environment (including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment), is involved and
such question arises out of the implementation of the enactments specified in Schedule I of the
act.
 The National Green Tribunal
SCHEDULE I include
1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
3. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980;
4. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
6. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991;
7. Biological Diversity Act 2002
 The National Green Tribunal
Important Limitations/Challenges: infrastructure facilities needed
1. Not covering some important laws 6. Enforceability issues
2. Development and Environment Balance at 7. lack of institutional mechanism to ensure
times overlooked compliance from various environmental
3. Increased litigations hampering smooth regulatory authorities
progress of various projects 8. Limited Bench Presence
4. vacancies in tribunal, in last ten years NGT 9. lack of expert members to address
never had full required minimum strength, complex environmental issues
absence of full strength of judicial and 10. Many appeals against the NGT’s
expert members in regional benches of the decisions going in the Supreme Court
Tribunal indicates NGT becoming more an additional
5. Lack of financial and administrative layer in the judicial process and contributing
strength including absence of basic not in reducing the judicial burden.
 THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1960
An Act to prevent the infliction of Board to be its Vice-Chairman.
unnecessary pain or suffering on animals The Board consists of 28 Members,
Section 4 Establishes Animals Welfare Reconstitution of the Board every 3 years
Board of India (statutory body) The Board of India was started under the
The Board shall be a body corporate stewardship of Late Smt. Rukmini Devi
having perpetual succession Arundale
Among members also six members of The Board grants recognition to the
Parliament, four to be elected by the newly started Animal Welfare
House of the People (Lok Sabha) and two Organisations (AWOs). Board provides
by the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) financial assistance to the recognised
The Central Government shall nominate AWOs.
one of the members of the Board to be
its Chairman and another member of the
 THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1960
Animal Welfare Board of India, under World Animal Day is an international day
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry of action for animal rights and welfare
and Dairying. celebrated annually on October 4, the
HQ. Ballabhgarh, Faridabad, Haryana feast day of Francis of Assisi, the patron
saint of ecology, including animals of
animals.