1. A system consisting of building supply pipe, water distributing pipes, and 1.

WATER
necessary connecting pipes, fittings, control valves, and all appurtenances carrying or SYSTEM IN
supplying potable water in or adjacent to the building or premises. A
BUILDING
2. - combination of two chemical elements called HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. 2. WATER
 It plays an important part in the plumbing system
 Providing water is one of the most critical utility requirement
 Universal Solvent

3. Three natural state 3. LIQUID

SOLID (IN THE
FORM OF ICE)
GAS (IN THE
FORM OF WATER
VAPOR OR STEAM)

4. Three sources of water 4. RAINWATER

NATURAL
SURFACE WATER
(FROM STREAMS
AND RIVERS)
UNDERGROUND
WATER
5. Collected from the roofs of the buildings and special water sheds and stored in 5. RAINWATER
cisterns or ponds.

6. A mixture of a surface run-off and ground water. Surface sources includes rivers, 6. NATURAL
lakes, ponds, and impounding reservoirs. SURFACE WATER
(FROM STREAMS
AND RIVERS)
7. The portion of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth to form 7. UNDERGROUND
underground deposits called AQUIFERS (water-bearing soil formation). From springs WATER
and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.
8. Three major stages of water cycle 8. EVAPORATION
CONDENSATION
PRECIPITATION
9. It is the transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the 9. EVAPORATION
ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere
10. It is the transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating 10.
clouds and fog. CONDENSATION
11. Describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired 11. WATER
end-use. TREATMENT

12. Is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological 12. WATER
contaminants from contaminated water. PURIFICATION
13. Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional 13. AERATION
oxygen for better taste.
14. Chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it 14. COAGULATION
capable of combining into larger particles.
15. Physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick 15. FLOCCULATION
together.
16. Is a physical water treatment process used to settle out suspended solids in 16.
water under the influence of gravity. SEDIMENTATION
17. Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to 17. FILTRATION
remove the finer suspended particles.
18. The purpose of disinfection in the treatment of waste water is to substantially 18. DISINFECTION
reduce the number of microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the
environment.
19. Common methods of disinfection 19. OZONE
CHLORINE
ULTRAVIOLET
LIGHT (UV)
SODIUM
HYPOCHLORITE
20. Is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, coring, or 20. WELLS
drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by an
electric submersible pump, a trash pump, a vertical turbine pump, a hand pump, or a
mechanical pump.
21. General types of wells 21. SHALLOW
WELL
DEEP WELL
22. Are excavations with diameters large enough to accommodate one or more men 22. DUG WELLS
with shovels digging down to below the water table. They can be lined with laid stones
or brick; extending this lining upwards above the ground surface into a wall around
the well serves to reduce both contamination and injuries by falling into the well. A
more modern method called caissioning uses reinforced concrete or plain concrete
precast well rings that are lowered into the hole.
23. May be very simply created in unconsolidated material with a “well point”, which 23. DRIVEN WELLS
consists of a hardened drive point and a screen (perforated pipe.) The point is simply
hammered into the ground, usually with a tripod and “driver”, with pipe sections added
as needed. A driver is a weighted pipe that slides over the pipe being driven and is
repeatedly dropped on it. When the groundwater is encountered, thw well is washed
of sediment and a pump installed.
24. These are dug with earth augers are usually less than 30 meters (100 feet) deep. 24. BORED WELLS
The diameter ranges from 2 to 30 inches. The well is lined with metal vitrified tile or
concrete.
25. Can be excavated by simple hand drilling methods (augering, sludging, jetting, 25. DRILLED
driving, hand percussion) or machine drilling (rotary, percussion, down the hole WELLS
manner). Drilled wells can get water from a much deeper level than can dug wells –
often up to several hundred meters.
26. This method makes use of a high velocity stream of water to excavate the hole 26. JETTED WELLS
and to carry the excavated material out of the hole. It therefore requires some type of
pump, either motor or hand-powered, of reasonable capacity, as well as a supply of
water. It is possible to separate the water and the excavated material in a settling
pool or tank and to reuse the water, thus minimizing the quantity required. Since this
method depends on the erosive action of water, it is obvious that extremely hard
materials cannot be penetrated.
27. Does not have any pressure concerns but relies on gravity to supply water to 27. OVERHEAD
fixtures below. TANK/GRAVITY
TANK
28. Is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Often cisterns are 28. CISTERN
built to catch and store rainwater. Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their
waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few liters to thousands of
cubic meters, effectively forming covered reservoirs.
29. Are typically horizontal pressurized storage tanks. Pressurizing this reservoirs of 29. PNEUMATIC
water creates a surge free delivery of stored water into the distribution system. WATER TANK
30. Is an older type of domestic hot water heater which uses a separate hot water 30. RANGE BOILER
tank which is connected to a heating boiler as well as to domestic hot water piping in
the home. Made of galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel. Standard
working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi.
31. Large hot water tank (60-130 cm in diameter; 5m max length). Made of heavy 31. STORAGE
duty material sheets applied with rust proof paint. Standard working pressure limit is BOILER
65 to 100 psi.
32. Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet. 32. COMPRESSION
COCK
33. Operates with a round tapering plug around to fit a metal sheet 33. KEY COCK
34. Constructed with a ball connected to the handle 34. BALL FAUCET
35. A water faucet made for the threaded attachment of a hose. 35. HOSE BIBB
36. The water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting 36. WATER
pipes, fittings, control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the structure or DISTRIBUTION
premises. SYSTEM

37. The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply to the water 37. SERVICE PIPE
distribution system of the building served
38. Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes 38. WATER METER
through the water service.
39. A pipe with in the structure or on the 39. DISTRIBUTION
Premises which conveys water from the water service pipe or meter to the point of PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE
utilization
40. A water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey water to 40. RISER
branches or to a group of fixtures.
41. The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the water distributing 41. FIXTURE
pipe. BRANCH
42. A water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch. 42. FIXTURE
SUPPLY
43. Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public 43. DIRECT
water main. (UPFEED)
44. Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the 44. DOWNFEED OR
fixtures by means of gravity. GRAVITY SYSTEM
45. Tanks that use water and air under pressure are referred to as a hydropneumatic 45. HYDRO-
tanks, or pressure tanks. Compressed air is used in these tanks as a buffer or PNEUMATIC
cushion that allows a surge-free delivery process. There are three functions for SYSTEM (AIR
hydropneumatic tanks. The first is as part of a water delivery system set to deliver PRESSURE
water in a preset pressure range. The second uses the pressure setting to monitor a SYSTEM)
pump from turning on too often. The third is to buffer or lower pressure surges, much
like a power surge protector.
46. Water supply – distribution pipes – household tap 46. DIRECT
SYSTEM
47. Water supply distribution pipes - pump – roof tank – household tap 47. ELEVATED
TANK SYSTEM
48. Water supply distribution pipes – pump – household tap 48. BOOSTER
PUMP SYSTEM
49. - With a continuing network of pipes to provide constant circulation of 49. UPFEED AND
water. GRAVITY RETURN
—Hot water rises on its own & does not need any pump for circulation. SYSTEM
—Hot water is immediately drawn from the fixture any time
—Provided economical circulating return of unused hot water.
—Larger pipe is installed at the top of the riser & the diminishing sizes
passes through the lower floors of the building
50. In plumbing is the force required to move the water inside the pipe. It is 50. PRESSURE
the only means necessary to overcome friction.
51. The pressure exerted by water at rest. 51. STATIC
PRESSURE
52. Refers to the pressure range measured over a period of 24 hours. 52. NORMAL
Normal pressure for a residential house ranges from 30 to 40 psi. Lower PRESSURE
than this value may result to insufficient flow of water, especially, during
simultaneous use of the fixtures. On other hand, water pressure greater
than 50 psi may cause pipe hammering or even bursting of pipe joints.
53. A device use to minimized excessive water pressure 53. PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE
54. Refers to the maximum and minimum pressure at which proper 54. CRITICAL
function of the water supply system can be maintained. PRESSURE
55. Refers to the loss in rate of flow, due to friction between the water and 55. FRICTION
the walls of the pipe. HEAD LOSS
56. Refers to the variations in pressure between the water main and the 56. PRESSURE
outlet end of the water service. Pressure loss is generally caused by LOSS
friction.
57. Other Causes of Pressure Loss 57. SIMULTANEOUS
DRAW OR USE OF
WATER
HEIGHT OR
DISTANCE TO
WHICH THE WATER
MUST FLOW
FLUCTUATION
OF WATER
PRESSURE IN THE
WATER MAIN
MINERAL
ELEMENT IN
WATER THAT
ADHERE TO THE
INTERIOR OF THE
PIPE REDUCING
DIAMETER
INADEQUATE
SIZE OF PIPE
58. Causes of Water Pressure Fluctuation from the Water Mains: 58. PEAK LOAD
EMERGENCY DRAW
BREAKDOWN OF
LINES OR PUMPING
UNIT
INSUFFICIENT
WATER LEVEL AT
THE WATER
SYSTEM
RESERVOIR
59. Refers to the maximum water discharge of fixtures in terms of fixture 59. MAXIMUM
units. The maximum demand of water is equal to the Total Fixture CEMAND
Units in the plumbing system, where one unit is valued at 8
gallons of water discharge per minute interval.
60. This is one factor to be considered in determining the size of water 60. PROBLEM
service pipe. The question on how many fixtures will be used DEMAND OR PEAK
simultaneously at one point in time is difficult to ascertain but according LOAD
statistical survey; “the fewer the number of fixtures installed, the
higher the percentage of probability of simultaneous use, and the
greater the number of fixtures installed, the lower the percentage
of probable simultaneous use”.
61. Usually has an average water pressure of 50 psi, that is only adequate 61. PUBLIC WATER
to serve building less than 5 storey high. Taller buildings require additional DISTRIBUTION
pump equipment prepared by professional engineers who compute SYSTEM
probable demand and the pressure loss due to head and friction.
62. The size of hot water tank depends on the following considerations 62. THE KIND OF
BUILDING SERVED
THE EXPECTED
NUMBER OF
OCCUPANTS
THE HEATING
CAPACITY OF THE
SUPPLY DEVICE

63. Can be defined as it is a positive displacement pump. These pumps use 63. PISTON PUMPS
a piston, diaphragm, otherwise plunger for moving liquids. These pumps
use check valves as the input and output valves. The general piston-pump
is a rotary pump which uses a wheel or revolving shaft for operating the
piston.
Is used on small water distribution system for elevating water in wells or
other sources.
64. Types of piston pumps 64. THE SINGLE
ACTION PUMP
THE DOUBLE
ACTION PUMP
THE DUPLEX OR
TWIN PISTON
PUMP
65. Is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of the 65. CENTRIFUGAL
transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called PUMPS
impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is
cast out by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's
vane tips.
Is associated with tall building water distribution system
66. Is used to completely close, or completely open the line but not 67. GATE VALVE
necessarily to control the flow of water. Gate valve are connected to the
main supply and pump line wherein operation is infrequent. The name gate
valve is taken from the gate-like disc that moves across the flow.
68. Is used where the stem must be installed pointing downward 68. THE WEDGED
SHAPE OR
TAPERED DISC
69. Closes in the same manner as the wedged type, except that its parallel 69. THE DOUBLE
face drop in a vertical position, and are forced apart by the disc spreader. DISC VALVE
This type of valve is used in cold liquid and sewage disposal installation.
70. Is actuated by a stem screw, and hand wheel, suited on installations 70. GLOBE VALVE
that calls for throttling. Globe valve affords greater resistance to flow than
the gate valve because of the change in flow directions.
71. Has a wide bearing surface producing good resistance to cutting effects 71. THE PLUG TYPE
of scale, dirt and other kind of foreign matter found inside the pipe. DISC VALVE
72. Has a pressure tight bearing between the disc and the seat 72. THE
recommended for cold water and any temperature service. CONVENTIONAL
DISC VALVE
73. Is used for various types of services on oil, gasoline, steam, and hot or 73. THE
cold water. COMPOSITION
DISC VALVE
74. Operates in the manner as the globe valve. It is available in similar 74. ANGLE VALVE
range of disc and seat design. Angle valve is used in making 90 ° turn in a
line to reduce the number of joints.
75. Is located at the lower end of pump, used to prevent loss of priming the 75. FOOT VALVE
pump. It is sometimes referred to as retention valve.
76. Main function is to prevent the reversal flow of gas or liquid in the line. 76. CHECK VALVE
It is principally used in industrial piping connections for gas, water, steam,
air and other general vapor services.
77. Is used on cold water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines, 77. SAFETY VALVE
and other pipelines with excessive pressure.
78. A water supply pipe for public or community use controlled by public 78. WATER
authority (STREET) MAIN
79. The pipe from the water main, water meter, water supply system, or 79. WATER-
other approved source of water supply, to the building or structure served. SERVICE PIPE
80. A pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to 80. WATER-
the plumbing fixtures and other water outlets in the building DISTRIBUTION PIPE
81. A pipe connecting several fixtures 81. FIXTURE
BRANCH
82. A water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch or 82. FISTURE
directly to a main water supply pipe. SUPPLY
83. A valve screwed into the street water main to supply the house service 83. CORPORATION
connection COCK
84. The part of the pipe curved like the neck of a goose, usually flexible. 84. GOOSENECK
Also the lead connection between a service pipe and water main.
85. A control valve for the water supply of a building, usually placed 85. CURB STOP OR
between the sidewalk and the street curb; used to shut off the water CURB COOK
supply in vase of emergency or should the water supply of the building be
disconnected
86. A mechanical device used to measure the volume of water passing 86. WATER METER
through a pipe
87. A valve placed at the street side of the water meter and serves as a 87. METER STOP
controlling device for the building installation
88. Is inserted into the water main. It serves as a control of water service. 88. THE
And also serve as shut off, when the service is disconnected. CORPORATION
STOP
87. Is a controlling stop of the entire water supply in building. 87. THE METER
STOP

88. A device used to measure the amount of water that passes through the 88. THE WATER
water service. METER