INTERPLANETARY
TRANSFER
“Interplanetary transfer isn’t just a journey between worlds —
it’s a calculated dance with gravity, time, and ambition.”
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INTRODUCTION
Interplanetary transfer between Earth Halo orbit and Mars Halo orbit using
stable and unstable manifolds
• Halo orbits around libration points (L1, L2) as future deep space ports for Earth-Mars
missions
• Goal: design fuel-ef cient interplanetary transfers using these Halo orbits
• Use of stable/unstable manifolds for escape and capture trajectories
• Potential for reusable, low-fuel round-trip transportation system
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Theoretical Background
• Restricted Hill three-body model describing
spacecraft motion near L1 and L2 points
• Jacobi integral de nes energy and allowed
motion regions
• Halo orbits: 3D periodic orbits around L1/L2,
with associated stable and unstable manifolds
• Manifolds serve as natural pathways for
spacecraft transfers
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Escape and Capture Trajectories
Escape trajectories are trajectories that leave from Halo orbits of Sun-Earth L1 or L2 using unstable
manifolds and approach the Earth. Subsequently, at closest approach an impulsive maneuver is performed to
escape from the Earth’s gravitational dominance
capture trajectories are trajectories that enter the sphere of in uence of a target body after interplanetary
transfer and have a close yby to the target body. And then, at closest approach for the target body, an
impulsive maneuver is performed to put the spacecraft on stable manifolds that lead to capture to Halo orbits
of the targetbody.
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Time of Flight and
Maneuver Optimization
Time of ight (TOF) becomes long for our escape and capture on the Halo orbit using the unstable and stable
manifold because the manifolds generally orbit around the L1/L2 point several times. For instance, the TOF is
approximately 1.9 years for the capture using stable manifold from Mars periapsis to the arrival point on the Halo
orbit
To REDUCE TOF for escape and capture, we assume performing Vperi and VHO at both the periapsis of
manifold and the point on Halo orbit, respectively
• TOF could be reduced more than a year by performing a V of only 0.06 km/s.
• It was found that TOF has a linear relation with the
logarithm of the minimum required V.
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Interplanetary Transfer Analysis
Patched conic approximation for the interplanetary transfer is assumed linking
the Earth and Mars manifolds associated with Halo orbits in the Hill three-body
model around the Earth and Mars
We investigate a solution to connect the Earth and Mars Halo manifolds with
interplanetary trajectories by varying the departure and arrival dates from/to Earth
and Mars, and by varying the size of the Earth and Mars Halo orbits, assuming
impulsive maneuvers near the surface of planet
The required cost for varying the size of Halo orbits is small compared to the cost
for the interplanetary transfer
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Tables 1 and 2 show the ∆V and TOF for the transfer from Earth L1 Halo orbit to
Mars L2 Halo orbits,
“∆V E_Phasing_Transfer” and
“∆V M__Phasing_Transfer”
represent above-mentioned
maneuvers to adjust the size of
Earth and Mars Halo orbit s
“∆V E Halo_Depart” and “∆V M
Halo_Insert” indicate impulsive
maneuvers to reduce the between
periapsis of manifolds and points on
Halo orbit
“Ay_E” and “Ay_M” indicate y-amplitudes of the Earth and Mars Halo orbits, meaning
optimal Earth and Mars Halo size for ∆V
As a result, interplanetary trajectories between Earth Halo orbits and Mars Halo orbits with
reasonable total ∆V and TOF were found
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Summary & Future Outlook
• Feasibility of interplanetary transfers using Halo orbit manifolds
demonstrated
• Stable/unstable manifolds enable low-fuel escape and capture around
Earth and Mars
• Reduced TOF and fuel cost support reusable interplanetary transportation
system concept
Future work:
extend to other planetary systems and re ne maneuver strategie
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Formulas And Illustrations
Jacobian integral
The normalized equations of
motion for spacecraft in this Hill
model Stable Manifold around L1 (Until rst
Periapsis Points)
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THANK YOU
BY
K MOKSHA JNANENEDRA
MOHITH KORADA
K LOKESH
G MADHAN KUMAR
DILEEP KALLA
MAHESH CHANDRA P
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