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Reviewer EALS

The document outlines three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform fault boundaries, detailing their characteristics and effects, such as the formation of mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and mountain ranges. It also discusses natural hazards associated with geological and hydrometeorological events, including earthquakes, landslides, typhoons, and coastal hazards. Additionally, it explains geologic processes, distinguishing between exogenous processes like weathering and erosion, and endogenous processes such as magmatism and volcanism.

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Queen Mary Knoll Pangan
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17 views2 pages

Reviewer EALS

The document outlines three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform fault boundaries, detailing their characteristics and effects, such as the formation of mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and mountain ranges. It also discusses natural hazards associated with geological and hydrometeorological events, including earthquakes, landslides, typhoons, and coastal hazards. Additionally, it explains geologic processes, distinguishing between exogenous processes like weathering and erosion, and endogenous processes such as magmatism and volcanism.

Uploaded by

Queen Mary Knoll Pangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

3 Types of Plate Boundaries

 Divergent boundary- happens when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
As the plate separates, magma forms-cools down-forming new crust.
Effects of Divergent Boundaries
Mid-Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys
 Convergent boundary- tectonic plates collided with each other.
2 types of plate under convergent boundary
 Oceanic Plate- found under the ocean, thinner, heavier and usually younger.
 Continental Plate- found under the land, thicker, lighter and older.
Effects of convergent boundaries
1. Oceanic-Continental
Subduction- when a heavier plate (oceanic) slides beneath a lighter plate (continental) due
to their collision.
 This creates deep ocean trenches, like the Mariana Trench, and volcanic mountain
ranges, such as the Andes in South America.
2. Oceanic-Oceanic- When two oceanic plates collide, one is subducted beneath the other, forming
a trench and a chain of volcanic islands, known as an island arc.
 Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean
3. Continental-Continental- When two continental plates collide, neither is subducted because
both are too buoyant.
Buoyant- ability to float in water. It doesn’t sink; it floats.
 Forming large mountain ranges. Himalayas-highest Mountain range in the world
 Transform Fault Boundary- plates slide past each other horizontally.
 San Andreas Fault in California
Natural Hazards
 Big things that happen in nature that can hurt people, animals and buildings.
 They are not made by people; they happen because of the earth or weather.
 Geological hazards- these happen when rocks under the earth move or breaks and can hurt people
or places.
1. Earthquake- sudden shaking or movement of the ground.
 Ground shaking- main effect of an earthquake that we feel.
 Surface faulting- ground breaks open.
 Tsunami- large/giant waves that comes from the ocean and it can cause flood.
2. Landslide- rocks, sand, dirt slide/fall down a hill or mountain.
2 types of landslides
 Rainfall-induced landslide
 Earthquake induced landslide
 Hydrometeorological Hazards-dangers that happen from water and weather.
Hydro-water
meteorological-weather
 The Philippines experienced 20 typhoons yearly.
 Hazards associated with typhoons:
 Strong winds
 Heavy rainfall leading to flooding
 Monsoons
 Amihan- Northeast monsoon (dry) less rain
 Habagat- Southwest monsoon (wet) lots of rain
 Tornado- super strong wind that spins really fast.
 Coastal Hazards- danger that happen near the seashore or beach.
 Coastal Erosion, Submersion, Storm Surges, Saltwater Intrusion
 Geologic Process on Earth
-natural actions that changed the earth over time. These processes shape the land, create
mountains and cause earthquakes.
Two types of Geologic Process
Exogenous Process- exo meaning outside (comes from outside the earth)
- these are changes caused by forces on the surface of the earth.
4 types of Exogenous Process
 Weathering- the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
 Physical weathering (mechanical weathering) breaks rocks without changing what
they’re made of.
 Chemical weathering- changes the rock materials into something new.
 Erosion
 Mass Wasting
Types of mass wasting
 Mudflow
 Debris flow
 Slump
 Sedimentation
Endogenous Process- endo means inside (happens inside the earth)
- these are natural forces that come from under the ground.
Types of Endogenous Process
 Magmatism
 Volcanism
 Metamorphism

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