SECTION D

(Case based questions carrying 4 marks each.)

Q1. The rotation of carbon-carbon single bond (s-bond), due to cylindrical symmetry of s-MOs
(molecular orbitals) long internuclear axis, in alkanes results into different spatial arrangements of atoms
in space, that are interconvertible. These arrangements are called [Link], weak
repulsive interaction are present between the adjacent bonds in alkanes so the rotation of C—C single
bond is not completely free and is hindered by a small energy barriers of 1-20 kJ mol-1. The repulsive
interaction between the adjacent bond is due to electron cloud. The two types of conformations are very
common, i.e., staggered and eclipsed.
The conformation in which the hydrogen atoms attached to the two carbon atoms are as far apart as
possible is called the staggered conformation. The conformations in which the hydrogen atoms attached
to the two carbon atoms are as closed as possible is called eclipsed conformation. Any intermediate
conformation between the above two is called skew or gauche conformation
(i) The electronic distribution of the sigma molecular orbital is symmetrical around the
internuclear axis of C-C bond which permits free rotation around C-C bond. Such spatial
arrangements of atoms in which conversion of one another takes place by rotation around C-
C bond is known as
(a)rotamers
(b)conformers
(c)conformations
(d) All of these
(ii) The possible rotamers of ethane is/are
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) ∞
(iii) The different conformations of ethane cannot be separated and isolated because
(a) small energy barrier
(b) large energy barrier
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
(iv) Which form of ethane has the least torsional strain?
(a) Staggered
(b) Skew boat
(c) Eclipsed
(d) Boat

Q2. Many hydrocarbon compounds burn readily in air. Alkanes on heating in the presence of air or
dioxygen are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water with the evolution of large amount of
heat. The incomplete combustion of methane can result in a slew of partially oxidized products,
including CO, but also methanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, and higher hydrocarbons also.

(a) Which of the following reactions of methane is incomplete combustion:

(i) CH4 + O2 → C(s) + 2H2O(l)
(ii) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
 (b) Write an equation to show the complete combustion of C15H32

(c) One of the gaseous products of the incomplete combustion of methane in gas fires is known to
be poisonous. Identify this product and write an equation for the reaction in which it is formed from
methane.
(i) Identity of product :
(ii) Equation :
Q3. Chloromethanes, such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane, are produced in industry as
they have many uses. Trichloromethane has been used in the manufacture of the refrigerant
chlorodifluoromethane.
(a) Chlorine can react with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) to form trichloromethane (CHCl3).
(i) Write an equation for each of the following steps in the mechanism for this reaction.
Initiation step :
First propagation step :
Second propagation step :
(ii) Give one essential condition for this reaction and name the type of mechanism.
Essential condition :
Type of mechanism :

Q4. There are eight structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H11Br. Four of these are
classed as primary, three as secondary and one as tertiary. The graphical formula of one of the
secondary compounds, isomer A, is shown below.

(a) Give the name of isomer A. (2)

(b) Explain what is meant by the term structural isomers. (2)

SECTION E

(Long Answer questions carrying 5 marks each.)

Q1. Consider the following alkane and answer the following questions.
(CH3)2CHCH2CH(C2H5)CH(CH3)CH3
(a) Write the complete structural formula of the alkane.
(b) What is its molecular formula?
(c) Write its bond line formula and give IUPAC name.
(d) How many methyl, ethyl, methylene and isopropyl groups are present in this alkane?
(e) How many carbon atoms are 1o,2o,3o,4o?
Q2. The reaction of bromine with propane is similar to that of chlorine with methane.
Three steps in the mechanism for the bromination of propane to form 1-bromopropane are shown below.
(a) Name the type of mechanism in this reaction:
(b) Give an essential condition for Step 1 to occur.
(c) Name the type of step illustrated by Steps 2 and 3.
(d) In this mechanism, a different type of step occurs in which free radicals
combine. Name this type of step.
(e)Write an equation to show how hexane could be formed from two free radicals
in the mechanism of this reaction.
Type of step :
Equation :
Q3. (a) Write structural formulas of the following compounds :
(i) 3, 4, 4, 5–Tetramethylheptane
(ii) 2,5-Dimethyhexane
(b) Write structures for each of the following compounds. Why are the given names incorrect? Write
correct IUPAC names.
(i) 2-Ethylpentane
(ii) 5-Ethyl – 3-methylheptane
© Write IUPAC names of the following compound:
(i) tetra – tert-butylmethane

TOPIC -ALKENES

SECTION-A

1. Which of the following compounds react most readily with Br(g)?

(a) C2H2 (b) C3H6 (c) C2H4 (d) C4H10

2. When propene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide, it gives rise to
(a) allyl bromide (b) isopropyl bromide (c) n-propyl bromide (d) 3-bromopropane

3. Find the alkene with maximum stability

(a) cis-2-Butene (b) trans-2-Butene (c) 1-Butene (d) All have the same stability

4. Ethylene bromide on treatment with Zn gives

(a) Alkyne (b) Alkene (c) Alkane (d) All of the above
5. Which of the following reactions is common in alkenes?
(a) Addition (b) Elimination (c) Substitution (d) Superposition

6. Cis-trans isomerism in alkenes is due to

(a) chiral carbon (b) free rotation about single bond
(c) free rotation about the double bond (d) restricted rotation about the double bond

7. Baeyer’s reagent is used to detect

(a) glucose (b) double bonds (c) oxidation (d) reduction

8. Which of the following will form 2 acetaldehyde molecules on ozonolysis?

(a) 1-pentene (b) 2-pentene (c) 1-butene (d) 2-butene

9. Which of the following reagents will form 1-propanol from propene?

(a) B2H6, H2O2, OH– (b) Aq. KOH (c) H2O, H2SO4 (d) Hg(OAc)2, NaBH4/H2O

10. Geometrical isomerism is exhibited by

(a) 2-Butene (b) 2-Butyne (c) 2-Butenol (d) Butanol

11. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the synthesis of alkenes.

a.) Cracking of a hydrocarbon yields alkenes
b.) The reactions are exothermic
c.) Zeolite catalyst helps in the synthesis of alkenes
d.) The synthesis of alkenes is otherwise known as reforming

12. Which of the following alkenes are used in the production of plastics?
a.) 1, 2 – butadiene b.) 1, 3 – butadiene c.) 2 – butadiene d.) Butadiene

13. How do you test for an alkene?

a.) They turn universal indicator purple b.) They turn bromine water colourless
c.) They turn limewater cloudy d.) All of the above

14.

a) It displays geometrical isomerism b) It forms an addition polymer

c) It undergoes reduction d) It decolourises Bromine

15.