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DESIGN PATTERNS IN JAVA™

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 Design Patterns in Java (2nd Edition) Metsker
The Software Patterns Series
Series Editor: John M. Vlissides

The Software Patterns Series (SPS) comprises pattern literature of lasting significance to
software developers. Software patterns document general solutions to recurring problems
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in all software-related spheres, from the technology itself, to the organizations that develop
and distribute it, to the people who use it. Books in the series distill experience from one
or more of these areas into a form that software professionals can apply immediately.

Relevance and impact are the tenets of the SPS. Relevance means each book presents patterns
that solve real problems. Patterns worthy of the name are intrinsically relevant; they are
borne of practitioners’ experiences, not theory or speculation. Patterns have impact when
they change how people work for the better. A book becomes a part of the series not just
because it embraces these tenets, but because it has demonstrated it fulfills them for its
audience.

Titles in the series:

Data Access Patterns: Database Interactions in Object-Oriented Applications; Clifton Nock

Design Patterns Explained, Second Edition: A New Perspective on Object-Oriented Design; Alan Shalloway
and James Trott

Design Patterns in C#; Steven John Metsker

Design Patterns in Java™; Steven John Metsker and William C. Wake

Design Patterns Java™ Workbook; Steven John Metsker

.NET Patterns: Architecture, Design, and Process; Christian Thilmany

Pattern Hatching: Design Patterns Applied; John M. Vlissides

Pattern Languages of Program Design; James O. Coplien and Douglas C. Schmidt

Pattern Languages of Program Design 2; John M. Vlissides, James O. Coplien, and Norman L. Kerth

Pattern Languages of Program Design 3; Robert C. Martin, Dirk Riehle, and Frank Buschmann

Pattern Languages of Program Design 5; Dragos Manolescu, Markus Voelter, and James Noble

Patterns for Parallel Programming; Timothy G. Mattson, Beverly A. Sanders, and Berna L. Massingill

Software Configuration Management Patterns: Effective Teamwork, Practical Integration; Stephen P. Berczuk
and Brad Appleton

The Design Patterns Smalltalk Companion; Sherman Alpert, Kyle Brown, and Bobby Woolf

Use Cases: Patterns and Blueprints; Gunnar Övergaard and Karin Palmkvist

For more information, check out the series web site at www.awprofessional.com/series/swpatterns
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DESIGN PATTERNS
IN JAVA™

Steven John Metsker

William C. Wake

Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco

New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid
Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City

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 Design Patterns in Java (2nd Edition) Metsker
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was
aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in
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The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Metsker, Steven John.
Design patterns in Java / Steven John Metsker, William C. Wake.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-321-33302-0 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Java (Computer program language) 2. Software patterns. I. Wake, William C., 1960–
II. Title.

QA76.73.J38M482 2006
005.13'3—dc22 2006003471

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copy-
right, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,
storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to:

Pearson Education, Inc.

Rights and Contracts Department
75 Arlington Street, Suite 300
Boston, MA 02116
Fax: (617) 848-7047

ISBN 0-321-33302-0
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier Westford in Westford, Massachusetts.
3rd Printing August 2008
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To Alison, Emma-Kate, and Sarah-Jane

—Steve

To May Lyn, Tyler, and Fiona

—Bill

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CONTENTS

Preface xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Why Patterns? 1
Why Design Patterns? 2
Why Java? 3
UML 4
Challenges 4
The Organization of This Book 5
Welcome to Oozinoz! 6
Summary 7

PART I INTERFACE PATTERNS 9

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCING INTERFACES 11
Interfaces and Abstract Classes 11
Interfaces and Obligations 13
Summary 15
Beyond Ordinary Interfaces 16

CHAPTER 3 ADAPTER 17
Adapting to an Interface 17
Class and Object Adapters 21
Adapting Data for a JTable 25
Identifying Adapters 30
Summary 31

CHAPTER 4 FACADE 33
Facades, Utilities, and Demos 33
Refactoring to FACADE 35
Summary 46

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 viii Design Patterns in Java (2nd Edition) MetskerContents

CHAPTER 5 COMPOSITE 47
An Ordinary Composite 47
Recursive Behavior in Composites 48
Composites, Trees, and Cycles 50
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Composites with Cycles 56
Consequences of Cycles 60
Summary 60

CHAPTER 6 BRIDGE 63
An Ordinary Abstraction: On the Way to BRIDGE 63
From Abstraction to BRIDGE 66
Drivers as BRIDGEs 68
Database Drivers 69
Summary 71

PART II RESPONSIBILITY PATTERNS 73

CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCING RESPONSIBILITY 75
Ordinary Responsibility 75
Controlling Responsibility with Visibility 77
Summary 79
Beyond Ordinary Responsibility 79

CHAPTER 8 SINGLETON 81
SINGLETON Mechanics 81
Singletons and Threads 83
Recognizing SINGLETON 84
Summary 86

CHAPTER 9 OBSERVER 87
A Classic Example: OBSERVER in GUIs 87
Model/View/Controller 92
Maintaining an Observable Object 99
Summary 101

CHAPTER 10 MEDIATOR 103

A Classic Example: GUI Mediators 103
Mediators of Relational Integrity 108
Summary 116

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 ContentsDesign Patterns in Java (2nd Edition) Metsker ix

CHAPTER 11 PROXY 117

A Classic Example: Image Proxies 117
Image Proxies Reconsidered 122
Remote Proxies 125
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Dynamic Proxies 131
Summary 136

CHAPTER 12 CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY 137

An Ordinary Chain of Responsibility 137
Refactoring to CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY 139
Anchoring a Chain 142
CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY without COMPOSITE 144
Summary 144

CHAPTER 13 FLYWEIGHT 145

Immutability 145
Extracting the Immutable Part of a Flyweight 146
Sharing Flyweights 148
Summary 152

PART III CONSTRUCTION PATTERNS 153

CHAPTER 14 INTRODUCING CONSTRUCTION 155
A Few Construction Challenges 155
Summary 157
Beyond Ordinary Construction 157

CHAPTER 15 BUILDER 159

An Ordinary Builder 159
Building under Constraints 162
A Forgiving Builder 164
Summary 165

CHAPTER 16 FACTORY METHOD 167

A Classic Example: Iterators 167
Recognizing FACTORY METHOD 168
Taking Control of Which Class to Instantiate 169
FACTORY METHOD in Parallel Hierarchies 171
Summary 173

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