JOY KIRSTEN ROBLES BSN1B - Provide developmentally and culturally
BASIC INFECTION CONTROL appropriate education based on the
desire for knowledge, readiness to learn,
and overall neurologic and psychosocial
state.
Hand Hygiene
- Educate the patient, family, and
- Procedures include the use of alcohol-
caregivers about the risks for infection
based hand rubs (containing 60%–95%
with improper hand hygiene.
alcohol) and hand washing with soap
- Teach the patient, family, and caregivers
and water.
to ensure that the home health nurse
- Considered widely as the most effective
performs hand hygiene.
means of spreading infection.
- Encourage questions and answer them
1. Before touching the patient
as they arise
2. Before clean/aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure
4. After touching the patient
5. After touching patient surroundings Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- There is an increase in the number of - Includes clothing, gloves, face shields,
bacteria colonized under jewelry such as goggles, facemasks, respirators, and
rings and watches. Long fingernails, other equipment to protect front-line
artificial nails, and chipped nail polish workers from injury, infection, or illness.
also harbor bacteria.
- When used properly, PPE acts as a
- Therefore, health care personnel should barrier to block transmission of infectious
refrain from wearing rings and other materials from blood, body fluids, or
jewelry when providing care and should respiratory secretions to your skin,
keep fingernails well-trimmed, natural mouth, nose, and eyes.
(no artificial nails or extenders), and
polish free. - PPE may also protect high-risk patients
from exposure to potentially infectious
- If jewelry is worn, it must be removed material. Together with hand washing,
before performing hand hygiene. use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers, and
covering coughs and sneezes, PPE
- Regardless of the health care setting or minimizes the spread of infection from
the method used, hand hygiene is a one person to another
requisite skill that every health care
professional must perform at key times. SEQUENCE FOR PUTTING ON
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- These include before and after (PPE)
patient contact, after contact with The type of PPE used will vary based on the
blood or body fluids, after contact with level of precautions required, such as standard
contaminated surfaces, and before and contact, droplet or airborne infection
donning and after removing gloves. isolation precautions. The procedure for
putting on and removing PPE should be
EDUCATION tailored to the specific type of PPE
- Teach the patient, family, and caregivers 1. GOWN
proper hand hygiene techniques.
Fully cover torso from neck to knees, arms to
end of the wrists, and wrap around the back
- Teach the patient, family, and caregivers
Fasten in the back of the neck and waist
the reason for hand hygiene.
2. MASK OR RESPIRATOR
- Teach the patient, family, and caregivers
- Secure ties or elastic bands at middle of
situations in which hand hygiene is
head and neck
required.
- Fit flexible band to Nose Bridge Fit snug to - Recommendation: private room, use of
face and below chin. gloves and gown ( use limited to client’s
room)
- Fit-check respirator
3. GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD 2. Droplet Precaution- are used to prevent
the spread of pathogens that are passed
Place over face and eyes and adjust to fit through respiratory secretions and do
4. GLOVES not survive for long in transit. These
droplets are relatively large particles that
Extend to COVER WEL of isotopon gown cannot travel through the air very far.
They are transmitted through coughing,
sneezing, and talking. (ex. Covid-19)
PRECAUTION
3. Droplet Precaution Used on client with
- STANDARD PRECAUTION - are a set of infectious agents that spread through
infection control practices used to close respiratory contact. This
prevent transmission of diseases that secretions do not remain infectious over
can be acquired by contact with blood, long distances
body fluids, non-intact skin
(including rashes), and mucous - Recommendations: private room, use of
membranes. mask.
- Standard Precautions are the minimum 4. Airborne Precaution - are required to
infection prevention practices that protect against airborne transmission of
apply to all patient care. infectious agents. Diseases requiring
airborne precautions include, but are not
1. Hand hygiene. limited to: Measles, Severe Acute
2. Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., Respiratory Syndrome (SARS),
gloves, masks, eyewear). Varicella (chickenpox), and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
3. Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette.
4. Sharps safety (engineering and work - Infectious agent remain suspended in
practice controls). air and over long distances
5. Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic - Recommendation: Negative pressure
technique for parenteral medications). room, N95 mask
6. Sterile instruments and devices.
7. Clean and disinfected environmental Protective Environment
surfaces
Intended for client with hematopoietic
stem cell transplants
TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTION Highly susceptible to fungal infections
Intended to reduce fungal spore counts in
1. Contact Precaution - are intended to the air.
prevent transmission of infectious agents,
including epidemiologically important
microorganisms, which are spread by ISOLATION
direct or indirect contact with the
patient or the patient's environment REVERSE ISOLATION = Intended to
(by touch) protect immunocompromised and
suppressed clients. (mask)
- Used for clients with known or suspected
infections and would likely be spread by QUARANTINE = Intended to limit spread
direct contact to client’s environment. of infectious agent and maybe applied to
those exposed (observe)
- Ex. Wound drainage, urine, feces.
Infection control principles and
practices for local health agencies
RA 9003 Ecological Waste
Management
MMDA Regulation No. 96-009
Color-coding hospital
- Yellow-infectious
- Red-sharps
- Green- biodegradable
- Orange-radioactive
- Black- non biodegradable
- Yellow with black- pharmaceutical
