IDENTIFY AND WRITE
COMPOSITIONS
EXPLORING THE
VARIOUS ELEMENTS,
TECHNIQUES, AND
LITERARY
DEVICES IN VARIOUS
MODES OF FICTION
WHAT IS IT
Fiction is make-believe,
invented stories. They may be
short stories, fables, essays,
plays, novels. Although writers
may base a character on
people they have met in real
life, the characters and the
experiences that the character
faces in the story are not real.
(Source: (Linda Frances Lein,
n.d.)
LITERARY
SUBGENRES
UNDER FICTION
• Fantasy
• Folklore
• Mystery
• Historical Fiction
• Realistic Fiction
• Romance
• Science Fiction and
• Thriller.
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
CHARACTER
• Characters refer to the persons, animals,
plants, inanimate objects such as robots,
natural and supernatural beings that
possess life and give life to the story.
a. Protagonist
The character around whom the story
revolves. He/she is traditionally an
outstanding character with good traits.
b. Antagonist
The character who is opposed to the
protagonist
POINT OF VIEW
• Point of view (POV) refers to the angle of narration, it
indicates “who is the narrator” and “how is the narration
done”.
1. First-Person Point of View
Explanation:
The narrator is inside the story and tells it using "I" or "we." We
see and feel only what this character experiences.
Example:
I walked through the forest, feeling nervous. Every sound made
me jump.
2. Second-Person Point of View
Explanation:
The narrator talks directly to the reader using
"you." This is not common in stories but often
used in instructions or choose-your-own-
adventure books.
Example:
You open the door and see a mysterious box. You
wonder what’s inside.
3. Third-Person Point of View
a. Omniscient Third Person (All-Knowing)
Explanation:
The narrator is not a character in the story but knows
everything — what all characters think and feel.
Example:
Anna felt nervous about the exam, while her teacher, Mr.
Cruz, hoped she would finally pass. Across the room, her
friend Jake worried too.
b. Limited Omniscient Third Person
Explanation:
The narrator is not a character and only knows the
thoughts and feelings of one character.
Example:
Anna stared at her test paper, unsure of her
answers. She wished she had studied more. Mr.
Cruz stood nearby, checking the clock.
c. Objective Third Person
Explanation:
The narrator tells only what can be seen and
heard — no thoughts or feelings.
Example:
Anna looked at her test paper and sighed. She
tapped her pencil and glanced at the clock.
Mr. Cruz walked by without saying a word.
• Plot is the series of events or actions that comprise the
PLOT story.
A. EXPOSITION
Exposition is an introduction to the characters, time, and the
problem. At the point where exposition moves into rising action
a problem, sometimes called an inciting incident, occurs for the
main character to handle or solve. This creates the beginning of
the story.
B. RISING ACTION
The event that reveals the conflict.
CLIMAX
The highest point of the story also called as the turning point.
This is the greatest moment of tension when everything is
critical, with emotion and interest peaks.
FALLING ACTION
The event when things start to wind down. All the tension is
actively being resolved.
RESOLUTION/DENOUEMENT
This is when the conflicts are resolved, and the story
concludes.
Plot Diagram: Snow White
• Exposition
• Snow White is a beautiful princess.
• Her stepmother, the Queen, is jealous of her beauty.
• The Queen asks the magic mirror who is the fairest.
• Rising Action
• The Queen orders a huntsman to kill Snow White.
• The huntsman lets her go.
• Snow White finds a cottage and lives with the seven dwarfs.
• The Queen discovers she’s still alive and tries to kill her with a poisoned
apple.
• Climax
• Snow White eats the poisoned apple and falls into a deep sleep.
• Falling Action
• The dwarfs place her in a glass coffin.
• A prince finds her and kisses her.
• Resolution
• Snow White wakes up.
• She and the prince live happily ever after.
SETTING
Setting refers to the time and place
in which the events of a narrative
take place. It includes not only the
physical environment in which the
character interacts, but also the
cultural, sociological, political,
religious among other settings.
a. Locale The place where the
story takes place.
b. b. Time The time when the story
takes place.
CONFLICT
Conflict is the struggle
between two entities.
In story writing the main
character, also known as
the protagonist,
encounters a conflict
with the antagonist,
which is an adversary
Man vs. Man
A conflict between two
characters. This is often a fight,
argument, or struggle between
the protagonist (main
character) and antagonist
(enemy).
Man vs. Self
The character has an internal
struggle, like making a hard
decision, dealing with
emotions, or fighting fear and
doubt.
Man vs. Nature
The character fights
against natural forces, like
storms, animals, illness,
or disasters.
Man vs. Society
The character struggles
with laws, rules, or unfair
treatment by society or a
group of people.
Man vs. Supernatural
The character faces
ghosts, gods, monsters,
or anything beyond the
natural world.
Man vs. Technology
The character struggles
with machines, robots, or
modern technology.
THEME
•The theme is the idea
or concept of the
author. This is
referred to as the
message of the story
