MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, LUDHIANA
Chapter- 5 Earth Systems: Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Worksheet
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions
1. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is:
a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Argon
2. The step of the water cycle responsible for cloud formation is:
a) Evaporation b) Condensation c) Precipitation d) Transpiration
3. Ocean currents act as a natural system to:
a) Transfer heat across the globe b) Increase salinity of oceans c) Stop tides from occurring d)
Reduce water pollution
4. The river that supported Mesopotamian civilization was:
a) Nile b) Tigris–Euphrates c) Indus d) Hwang Ho
Section B – Assertion & Reason
5. Assertion (A): Oxygen cycle maintains a balance between plants and animals.
Reason (R): Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis, while animals release oxygen during
respiration.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false, R is true.
6. Assertion (A): The Namami Gange project is linked to the cleaning and conservation of River Ganga.
Reason (R): It also includes setting up sewage treatment plants to reduce pollution.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false, R is true.
7. Identify the incorrect statement related to the water cycle:
a) Transpiration releases water vapour from plants.
b) Precipitation brings water back to the Earth’s surface.
c) Evaporation removes water permanently from the Earth.
d) Condensation turns vapour into tiny droplets.
8. Spot the incorrect statement related to rivers and civilizations:
a) Nile River – Egyptian Civilization
b) Indus River – Harappan Civilization
c) Hwang Ho River – Chinese Civilization
d) Mississippi River – Mesopotamian Civilization
9. Study the image given below and answer the questions:
Answer the following:
a) Identify the gas present in the largest proportion.
b) Infer why oxygen, though only 21%, is still considered the most important for living beings.
c) Explain how even a small increase in carbon dioxide (part of “other gases”) can affect the Earth.
d) Predict what would happen if nitrogen was present in the atmosphere in a much smaller amount.
Section c – Case-Based Questions:
11. A report states that the Ganga is now among the most endangered rivers due to untreated sewage,
industrial waste, and reduced flow in some stretches. At the same time, projects like Namami Gange
are helping restore water quality.
Answer the following:
a) Why is the Ganga called “endangered”?
b) Give one way reduced flow affects aquatic life.
c) Suggest one step citizens can take to support Namami Gange.
d) Predict what may happen if conservation projects fail.
12. The Nile provided fertile soil for Egyptian farmers, while the Indus helped Harappans build well-
planned cities. Mesopotamia grew between the Tigris and Euphrates, and the Hwang Ho supported
China but often caused floods.
Answer the following:
a) Compare how the Nile and Hwang Ho rivers created different challenges for people.
b) Identify one similarity in how rivers supported all four civilizations.
c) Infer why civilizations often began near rivers instead of mountains.
d) Predict the impact on Mesopotamia if the Tigris and Euphrates had dried up.
e) Suggest one way modern India can learn from these civilizations in managing the Ganga.
13. Take an empty glass tumbler, invert it, and push it straight into a bucket of water. You’ll see that
water does not immediately enter the tumbler.
Question:
What does this show about the presence of air in the glass?
Why does the water not enter the glass at once?
14. If we take two glasses of water and add a spoonful of salt to one glass and stir. Put an ice cube in both
glasses.
Questions:
In which glass does the ice float higher? Why?
What does this show about the effect of salt on water
density?
15. Oceans absorb a lot of heat from the sun and release it slowly.
Questions:
How does this property of oceans help in keeping Earth’s climate balanced?
What would happen if Earth had no oceans?
