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Introduction To Computer System

The document provides an overview of computer systems, detailing the evolution of computing devices from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence. It explains the components of a computer system, including hardware and software, and describes the functions of the CPU, memory units, and input/output devices. Additionally, it covers operating systems, their types, and the role of language processors in converting high-level programming into machine code.

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19 views42 pages

Introduction To Computer System

The document provides an overview of computer systems, detailing the evolution of computing devices from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence. It explains the components of a computer system, including hardware and software, and describes the functions of the CPU, memory units, and input/output devices. Additionally, it covers operating systems, their types, and the role of language processors in converting high-level programming into machine code.

Uploaded by

saravagawal4321
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tey oii -l ee 1 Introduction To. Computer System Visit python4csip.com for more updates Introduction to Computer Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw COM mime Mele keeles the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. Pe CCM mC: RCC MC ce UU AML te LM ole (La ULM Cate (cy various functionalities to the user. Hardware are the physical components of a computer like the processor, memory devices, monitor, keyboard etc. while software is the set of programs or instructions that are required by the hardware resources to perform various operations as per the rs UU a Le eee enn aca SOTA AR aeRO Resa curs ad diidalidalcakl to ad python4csip.com for more updates EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING DEVICE First Generation (1940-56): The first generation computers used vacuum tubes & machine language was used for giving the instructions. These computers were large in size & their programming was difficult task. The electricity consumption was very high. Some computers of this generation are ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC & UNIVAC-1. SUSE Eee cs cn) operating system was used. Punch cards, paper tape, and magnetic Pcl CM mee elie me eM MD POE CRC eek CCN Ce cinta eartc es fernte Bee Men areola ent | Generation (1956-63): In 2nd generation computers, vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. They required only 1/10 of power required by tubes. This generation computers generated less heat & were reliable. The first operating system developed in this generation. IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604 are the examples enue Ce SOWA Ce CeO as the primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks ETE eel else ao In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system. is FRCL CSI CMe RSs Tam clot Ao ck eae Visit python4csip.com for more updates Third Generation (1964-71): The 3rd generation computers replaced transistors with Integrated circuit known as chip. From Small scale integrated circuits which had 10 transistors per chip, technology developed to MSI circuits with 100 transistors per chip. These OCMC ema Mla te Ll Peas hk eats The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. \ This Cry Tua Meu UMaine) LiLo efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, rogramming operating system were used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation. IBM-360 Fourth Generation (1972- 1980): LSI & VLSI were used in this generation. As a result microprocessors came into existence. The computers using this Arai le NMC MOM Mace e li Tice lle) Me] erlal amr Les} disk were invented. There is great development in data Cee LCL Fourth generation computers became eee em Ct armel ang gave rise to Personal Computer (PC) revolution. In this generation, time sharing, real time networks, distributed operating system were used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation. Created By: Sachin Bhardwaj, PGT(CS) KV_NO.1 Tezpur,Mr. Vinod Verma PGT(CS) KV OEF Kanpur| a Fifth Generation (1980-Present & Beyond): Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum Pe CEL Mu Cae Marella met isl hg change the face of computers in years to come. Some computer types of this generation are — Desktop EV) o) IN Ceh Lele) a UTM Lf) 4 Pete Meee ete Yee oN a ere mee Cee oN ela erro COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM In the above diagram, both control (control unit or COUT Me eee ole CO LUV LC Te as Central Processing Unit (CPU). Let's describe about all the parts as included in the above diagram one by one. The Processor Unit (CPU) Ce Umm me Cee Url lmel elite) and comparisons are made inside the CPU and it is also responsible for activation and controlling the operation of Ca iia Oe Rem UCC UE logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU). Visit python4csip.com for more updates Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Arithmetic logic unit performs all arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It also uses logic operation for comparison like comparison or decision making (>, <, <=, >=, = etc.). Control Unit (CU) BUR ee MU RMR el mT) CT eee eMC ME Ue Ma input/output devices connected to the CPU. Cee ST Cea CU URN tl RCRA interprets the instruction to know what the task are to be performed and sends suitable control signals to the other re ROM CR UM rae Rea RUT instruction. CERCLA LSTA TRACE CT nput/Output Unit The input/output unit consists of devices used to transmit CCL ees Tal sl cols Pa The information fed through the input unit is stored in computer's memory for processing and the final result stored Ne UM ees ys) Aim molt oars Trea g It is an essential component of a digital computer. It is where all data intermediate and find results are stored. The data read from the main storage or an input unit are transferred to the computer's memory where they are available for processing. This memory unit is used to hold the instructions to be executed and data to be processes. eee rat rma PGT(CS) KV OEF Kan} Mra Crea a Lael Mohs el tg Tore ACT TT Me ca a Tilia CRM aCe Mm ll Secondary Memory: Be Ce or Meee MLM Culm coe future use. So some other types of storage technology is required to store the data permanently for long time, it is PUR e lire le mela Visit python4csip.com for more updates Input & Output Device Input Device: Input devices are those devices which help to enter data into computer system. E.g. Keyboad, Mouse, Touchscreen, Barcode Reader, Scanner, MICR, OMR etc. rT el (aT ea Berle OMR hin Bhardwaj, PGT(CS) KV_NO.1 Tezpur, , Pee Le KEYBOARD: This is the most common input device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys. In a keyboard each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However some symbols require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or characters, other keys or simultaneous key presses can produce actions or computer Alt Key Enter Key Arrow Key Bs Pm (CS) CSU held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the Pi Me Cle COAT) ol Tool da Pee RR: eye mars Mel ie heli) lies Mechanical Mouse Optical Mouse Are gee Rue lel moe images, printed text, handwriting, or an een ger eh tae es JOYSTICK: PV area Tul ends Wie etme tle Boned Re eee Those lg Cae RR te eta keene lie Many people use joysticks on computer games involving flight suchas Sie Dore See nec Roker RU ek: a hor eld or more push-buttons whose state canalso be read by the computer PELE MeO TTT Create Pred ra eo ewaes Output De' Output devices are those devices which help to display the processed information. Eg. Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Projector Cm =) Rew Printer Potter Projector ete Visit python4csip.com for more updates a a Deeg ee eet any clan There are various types of printers available in the market: len ad ns Uses ribbon and hammer technology. is not very good. It prints by making the object using, Ra a te It creates a digital image by propelling Clee) eee mam ur ole eS Sa They uses laser technology to print documents. It produce high quality printing at very high speed. fae DAR eT te ere COW

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